Joshua Young
{{Short description|Abolitionist Congregational Unitarian minister}}
{{For|the American prelate of the Roman Catholic Church|Joshua Maria Young}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Joshua Young
| image = Rev. Joshua Young.jpg
| alt = Reverend Joshua Young
| caption = Rev. Joshua Young, who presided over the funeral of John Brown
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1823|09|23}}
| birth_place =
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1904|02|07|1823|09|23}}
| death_place =
| nationality =
| other_names =
| occupation = Congregational Unitarian minister
| years_active = 1849–1904
| known_for = Presiding over the funeral of John Brown
| notable_works =
}}
Joshua Young (September 23, 1823 – February 7, 1904) was an abolitionist Congregational Unitarian minister who crossed paths with many famous people of the mid-19th century. He received national publicity and lost his pulpit for presiding in 1859 over the funeral of John Brown, the first person executed for treason by a U.S. state.{{cite news
|title=(Untitled)
|newspaper=Burlington Weekly Sentinel (Burlington, Vermont)
|date=December 16, 1859
|page=2
|via=newspapers.com
|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/58151592/the-burlington-weekly-sentinel/
|access-date=July 9, 2021
|archive-date=July 9, 2021
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709184409/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/58151592/the-burlington-weekly-sentinel/
|url-status=live
|title=Washington's Birth Day and Farewell Address
|newspaper=Burlington Weekly Sentinel (Burlington, Vermont)
|date=February 28, 1862
|page=2
|via=newspapers.com
|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/81093176/rev-joshua-young-john-brown-and/}} Contrary to his friends' expectations,{{rp|236}}{{cite news
|title=Abolitionist's funeral brought turmoil to pastor's career
|first=Paul
|last=Heller
|newspaper=Times-Argus (Barre, Vermont)
|date=2017-10-05
|url=https://www.timesargus.com/abolitionist-s-funeral-brought-turmoil-to-pastor-s-career/article_3e13abaf-a7e3-5b30-99ae-397da850981a.html}} his resignation under pressure in Burlington did not ruin his career; the church in Burlington later apologized and invited him back to speak as "an honored guest." There is a memorial tablet in the church.{{cite journal |last=Twynham |first=Leonard |date=September 1938 |title=A Martyr for John Brown |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NNAZAAAAIAAJ&q=Twynham |journal=Opportunity. A Journal of Negro Life |volume=16 |pages=265–267 |number=1}} Leonard Twynham is a pseudonym, first used by Achsa White Sprague (1827–1861). The real name of the author of this article is Leonard Twinem (per http://psychictruth.info/Medium_Achsa_W_Sprague.htm).
Young was also deaf. Abraham Willard Jackson, a contemporary Unitarian Preacher and deaf man said about Young, "In a Massachusetts village there toils a minister, and for more than a quarter of a century has toiled, though his deafness is so extreme that speech with him is scarcely possible, who once told me that in all these years no unpleasant reminder of his infirmity, either by act or word, had ever come to him from his people... I cannot think I need hesitate to say that my reference here is to Rev. Joshua Young, of Groton. With this testimony before them, all deaf people should pray for the prosperity of his church."{{Cite web |title=Deafness & Cheerfulness |url=https://www.raggededgemagazine.com/1103/1103ldc.html |access-date=2024-05-14 |website=www.raggededgemagazine.com}}
Life and career
Young was born in 1823 in Randolph, near Pittston, Maine, the youngest of eleven children of Aaron Young and Mary Colburn Young. At about age 4 the family moved to Bangor, where he attended local schools. At the age of 16 he entered Bowdoin College, where he was a member of Chi Psi fraternity, graduating Phi Beta Kappa in 1845. He continued his studies at Harvard Divinity School, graduating in 1848. In 1890, he received the honorary degree of Doctor of Divinity from Bowdoin College. He became a Mason and was the chaplain of his local chapter.{{cite book
|first=Joshua
|last=Young
|authorlink=Joshua Young
|title=One hundred years of Old Colony Lodge A.F. and A.M. Centennial celebration, Hingham, Dec. 9, 1892.
|date=December 9, 1892
|location=Hingham, Massachusetts
|publisher=Old Colony Lodge}} Hr described himself as a "Garrisonian abolitionist".{{rp|235}}
In 1849 he married Mary Elizabeth, the eldest daughter of Sylvanus Plympton, M.D., of Cambridge, Massachusetts.{{cite news
|title=Marriages
| newspaper=Cambridge Chronicle (Cambridge, Massachusetts)
|date=September 22, 1849
|page=3
|url=https://cambridge.dlconsulting.com/cgi-bin/cambridge?a=d&d=Chronicle18490222-01.2.21&e=-------en-20--1--txt-txIN-%22Joshua+young%22------
|via=Cambridge Public Library}} Their children were: Mary Elizabeth Young Stevens (1849–1891), Lucy F. Young (1854–1922), Dr. Joshua Edson Young of Medford, Massachusetts (1856–1940), Henry Guy Young of Winchester, Massachusetts (1865–1936), and Mrs. Grace D. Patton of Bangor, Maine.{{cite journal
|pages=283–285
|volume=21
|year=1904
|title=Rev. Joshua Young, D.D.
|accessdate=July 10, 2021
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pi0UAAAAIAAJ&q=Joshua%20brown
|journal=The Purple and Gold}}
He held the following positions as minister:
- 1849–1852 New North Church, Boston.{{cite book
|last=Hedge
|first=Frederic Henry.
|authorlink=Frederic Henry Hedge
|location=Boston
|year=1849
|title=Leaven of the Word. A Sermon Preached at the Ordination of Rev. Joshua Young, as Pastor of the New North Church in Boston, Thursday, Feb. 1, 1849.
|url=https://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:DIV.LIB:26526407
|access-date=2021-07-09
|archive-date=2021-07-11
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210711082303/https://iiif.lib.harvard.edu/manifests/view/drs:421565800$1i
|url-status=live
}}
- 1852–1862 First Congregational (Unitarian) Church, Burlington, Vermont.{{cite news
|title=The Installation of the Rev. Mr. Young
|newspaper=Burlington Courier (Burlington, Vermont)
|date=December 23, 1852
|page=3
|via=newspapers.com
|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/81092854/installation-of-rev-joshua-young-as/
|access-date=July 9, 2021
|archive-date=July 9, 2021
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709185615/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/81092854/installation-of-rev-joshua-young-as/
|url-status=live
}} His salary was $1,000, {{inflation|US|1000|1852|fmt=eq}}.{{rp|265}} He was at first very popular, but began to lose popularity when parishioners learned that he had been on the Boston Vigilance Committee and sheltered fugitive slaves in his home. He was also accused by the church of doing the same in Burlington; the charge was not substantiated. In 1858, when he resigned his pulpit at the Burlington church, the church held a meeting to persuade him to withdraw his resignation, which he did.{{cite news
|title=(Untitled)
|newspaper=Burlington Free Press (Burlington, Vermont)
|date=December 17, 1858
|page=2, col. 8
|via=Chronicling America
|url=https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn84023127/1858-12-17/ed-1/seq-2/#words=%22Joshua%2Byoung%22%2B%22joshua%2Byoung%22%2B%22joshua%2Byoung%22
|access-date=2021-07-14
|archive-date=2021-07-14
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210714090519/https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn84023127/1858-12-17/ed-1/seq-2/#words=%22Joshua%2Byoung%22%2B%22joshua%2Byoung%22%2B%22joshua%2Byoung%22
|url-status=live
}} He was also Superintendent of Common Schools in Burlington.{{cite news
|title=Exhibition of the Union High School
|newspaper=Burlington Free Press (Burlington, Vermont)
|date=December 21, 1861
|page=2
|via=newspapers.com
|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/81092115/exhibition-of-union-high-school/
|access-date=July 9, 2021
|archive-date=July 9, 2021
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709184623/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/81092115/exhibition-of-union-high-school/
|url-status=live
}} He resigned these positions in 1862.{{cite news
|title=Mr. Young's resignation
|newspaper=Burlington Daily Times (Burlington, Vermont)
|date=November 25, 1862
|page=3
|via=newspapers.com
|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/81094292/resignation-of-rev-joshua-young/
|access-date=July 9, 2021
|archive-date=July 9, 2021
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709190228/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/81094292/resignation-of-rev-joshua-young/
|url-status=live
}} There followed a year in Deerfield [Massachusetts].
- 1864–1868 3rd Congregational Society, Hingham, Massachusetts. One source says his salary was $1,200 ({{Inflation|US|1200|1864|fmt=eq}}),{{cite news
|title=Call accepted
|newspaper=Burlington Daily Times (Burlington, Vermont)
|date=March 24, 1864
|page=3
|via=newspapers.com
|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/81583513/joshua-young-accepts-call-from-hingham/}} another $1,500 ({{inflation|US|1500|1864|fmt=eq}}).{{cite news
|title=(Untitled)
|newspaper=Burlington Weekly Sentinel (Burlington, Vermont)
|date=April 1, 1864
|page=3
|via=newspapers.com
|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/81092495/joshua-young-minister-moves-from/
|access-date=July 9, 2021
|archive-date=July 9, 2021
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709190517/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/81092495/joshua-young-minister-moves-from/
|url-status=live
}} Between this position and the following one in Fall River he travelled to Egypt, the Holy Land, and Europe.{{cite book
|chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/Proceedings_Of_The_Grand_Lodge_Of_Massachusetts_1872/page/n597/mode/2up?q=%22Joshua+young%22
|title=Proceedings of the Grand Lodge of Massachusetts, 1872
|chapter=Rev. Joshua Young, Fall River, Unitarian. 1872, 1873
|pages=385–387}}
- 1868–1875 Unitarian Church, Fall River, Massachusetts.{{cite news
|title=Obituary. Joshua Young
|newspaper=The Fall River Daily Herald (Fall River, Massachusetts)
|date=February 9, 1904
|page=3
|via=newspapers.com
|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/81418743/obituary-joshua-young/}}{{cite news
|title=Had a Large Influence Here. Rev. Dr. Joshua Young Remembered in This City as a Warm Friend of Human Liberty
|newspaper=Fall River Daily Evening News (Fall River, Massachusetts)
|date=February 9, 1904
|page=4
|via=newspapers.com
|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/81418879/obituary-joshua-young/}}
- 1875–1904 First Parish Meeting House, Groton, Massachusetts.
Young died in 1904 in Winchester, Massachusetts, at the home of his son.
Young and slavery
Young described himself as "bred in the Garrisonian school of abolitionists".{{rp|235}} His graduate school and his first call to the pulpit were in Boston, center of the American abolitionist movement and where Wm. Lloyd Garrison's newspaper The Liberator was published. Young was a member of the Boston Vigilance Committee, set up after passage of the Fugitive Slave Law of 1850 to help fugitives avoid slave catchers. He saw the forced and public return of fugitive Anthony Burns to slavery, and gave a sermon on it, published as a pamphlet.{{cite book
|first=Joshua
|last=Young
|authorlink=Joshua Young
|title=God Greater than Man.—A Sermon Preached June 11th, after the Rendition of Anthony Burns, by Joshua Young, Minister of the First Congregational Church, Burlington, Vt.
|location=Burlington, Vermont
|publisher=Samuel B. Nichols
|url=http://reader.library.cornell.edu/docviewer/digital?id=may864318#mode/1up
|date=June 11, 1854
|access-date=July 9, 2021
|archive-date=July 9, 2021
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709185411/http://reader.library.cornell.edu/docviewer/digital?id=may864318#mode/1up
|url-status=live
}}
Young was also "a station-keeper on the Underground Railroad when the blow at Harper's Ferry shook the whole nation like an earthquake".{{rp|635–636}} He frequently sheltered fugitives himself.{{rp|45}} In Burlington he was less than {{convert|50|miles}} from the Canadian border. One account says that he sheltered up to six fugitives at a time in his "comfortable" barn.{{cite encyclopedia
|contribution=Joshua Young
|first1=Melinda
|last1=Green
|first2=Karen G.
|last2=Johnston
|date=August 8, 2018
|title=Dictionary of Unitarian & Universalist Biography
|publisher=Unitarian Universalist History & Heritage Society
|url=https://uudb.org/articles/joshuayoung.html
|access-date=July 11, 2021
|archive-date=April 22, 2020
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200422090457/https://uudb.org/articles/joshuayoung.html
|url-status=live
}} Another source says that about 1850 fugitives appeared daily, and sometimes more than one a day, but then dropped to two or three a fortnight.{{cite book
|title=Vermont's anti-slavery and underground railroad record : with a map and illustrations
|first=Wilbur H.
|last=Siebert
|location=Columbus, Ohio
|publisher=Spahr and Glenn
|date=1937
|url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uc1.$b539480
|access-date=2021-07-14
|archive-date=2021-07-12
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210712182853/https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uc1.$b539480
|url-status=live
}}{{rp|81–82}}
The John Brown funeral
The most significant event of Young's life, in his own judgment, was his participation in the funeral of abolitionist John Brown, the consequences of which participation surprised and pained him. He often spoke about it and, as an old man, he wrote up his experience at length.{{cite journal
|first=Joshua
|last=Young
|authorlink=Joshua Young
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RaUTAAAAYAAJ&q=Funeral
|pages=229–243
|title=The Funeral of John Brown
|journal=New England Magazine
|date=April 1904
|access-date=2021-07-09
|archive-date=2021-07-11
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210711100451/https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_New_England_Magazine/RaUTAAAAYAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=Funeral
|url-status=live
}}
Brown was executed by the Commonwealth of Virginia on December 2, 1859, after his conviction for murder, treason, and inciting a slave insurrection. Young had never met Brown, but when his abolitionist friend Lucius G. Bigelow informed him that John Brown's body was passing through Rutland en route to be buried at his home in North Elba, New York, only {{convert|100|miles}} away across Lake Champlain, they decided to attend.{{rp|236}} They traveled all night and arrived only hours before the service began. As he was the only minister present (others had declined), when Wendell Phillips asked him to preside, he said that he then "knew why God had sent [him] there".{{rp|239}} The reporter present, who took it down "phonographically" (stenographically), called Young's impromptu opening prayer "impressive".{{cite news
|title=The Burial of John Brown. The passage of the body to North Elba. The funeral. Speeches of Mr. McKim and Mr. Phillips
|newspaper=New-York Tribune
|date=December 12, 1859
|page=6
|via=newspapers.com
|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/76940404/john-browns-funeral/
|access-date=July 11, 2021
|archive-date=May 3, 2021
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210503111419/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/76940404/john-browns-funeral/
|url-status=live
}} Most of this article appeared in {{cite news |title=The Burial of John Brown|newspaper=The Liberator |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/63000537/burial-of-john-brown-in-north-elba/ |place=Boston, Massachusetts |date=December 16, 1859 |page=3}}
As the body was being lowered into the grave he felt moved to recite words of the apostle Paul: "I have fought a good fight. I have finished my course. I have kept the faith" (2 Timothy 4:7).
When he returned to Burlington, he found himself savagely attacked in the local paper. He was socially ostracized and snubbed and prominent members of his church resigned. Young said he was the victim of persecution.{{cite news
|title=Slave's Friend. Rev Dr Joshua Young of Winchester Dead. Ostracized for John Brown's Funeral Sermon. Noted Figure in Fight for Abolition
|newspaper=The Boston Globe (Boston, Massachusetts)
|date=February 9, 1904
|page=14
|via=newspapers.com
|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/81383502/obituary-joshua-young/}}
{{blockquote|Honorable men there were who suggested it would be a spectacle not for tears to see me dangling at the end of a rope from the highest tree on the common, swinging and twisting in the wind.{{cite news
|title=Tells of funeral and burial of John Brown—Interesting article published in current number of Congregationalist
|newspaper=Montpelier Morning Journal (Montpelier, Vermont)
|date=8 Dec 1911
|page=2
|via=newspapers.com
|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/83995494/john-browns-funeral/}}}}
He was told that he would never again be permitted to occupy a pulpit.{{cite news
|title=Once Burlington pastor
|newspaper=Burlington Free Press (Burlington, Vermont)
|date=February 8, 1904
|page=2
|via=newspapers.com
|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/81309016/funeral-of-rev-joshua-young/
|access-date=July 14, 2021
|archive-date=July 14, 2021
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210714090519/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/81309016/funeral-of-rev-joshua-young/
|url-status=live
}}
In a 2016 sermon on Young, Rev. Karen G. Johnston says, without explanation, "that there is dispute between Young's account, and that of the Burlington church, about what led to his leaving."{{cite web
|first=Karen G.
|last=Johnston
|title=Illuminating the Ministry of Joshua Young: His Ministry Still Speaks (sermon)
|date=February 28, 2016
|url=https://blog.awakeandwitness.net/wp/2016/03/illuminating-the-ministry-of-joshua-young-his-ministry-still-speaks-sermon/
|access-date=July 14, 2021
|archive-date=January 23, 2021
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210123072337/http://blog.awakeandwitness.net/wp/2016/03/illuminating-the-ministry-of-joshua-young-his-ministry-still-speaks-sermon/
|url-status=live
}}
Reburials in 1899
{{main|John Brown's raiders}}
Young presided over the 1899 ceremony in which ten of Brown's men, which had been buried elsewhere, eight of them thrown into two packing crates, were reburied next to John Brown's grave.{{cite book
|title=A History of the Adirondacks
|last=Donaldson
|first=Alfred Lee
|authorlink=Alfred L. Donaldson
|date=1921
|location=New York
|publisher=Century
|volume=2
|chapter=John Brown at North Elba
|pages=3–22, at p. 22
|url=https://archive.org/details/historyofadiron02dona/page/n15/mode/2up}}
Publications
- {{cite book
|first=Joshua
|last=Young
|authorlink=Joshua Young
|title=God Greater than Man.—A Sermon Preached June 11th, after the Rendition of Anthony Burns, by Joshua Young, Minister of the First Congregational Church, Burlington, Vt.
|location=Burlington, Vermont
|publisher=Samuel B. Nichols
|url=http://reader.library.cornell.edu/docviewer/digital?id=may864318#mode/1up
|date=June 11, 1854}}
- {{cite book
|first=Joshua
|last=Young
|authorlink=Joshua Young
|title=Come and see! What It Is to be a Unitarian. A Discourse delivered in Burlington, Vermont, November 26, 1854, with an Appendix, by Joshua Young, Minister of the First Congregational Church
|date=November 26, 1854
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vOXdE9UoT_kC
|location=Burlington, Vermont
|publisher=Samuel B. Nichols
}}
- {{cite news
|first1=Joshua
|last1=Young
|authorlink1=Joshua Young
|first2=W. A.
|last2=Miller
|orig-date=March 1, 1859
|date=March 11, 1859
|page=1
|title=Report of the town superintendants of common schools, for the year ending March 1, 1859
|url=https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn84023127/1859-03-11/ed-1/seq-1/#words=%22Joshua%2Byoung%22%2B%22joshua%2Byoung%22%2B%22joshua%2Byoung%22
|via=Chronicling America}}
- {{cite book
|first=Joshua
|last=Young
|authorlink=Joshua Young
|title=Man Better than a Sheep. A Sermon Preached Thanksgiving day, Nov. 24, 1859, by Joshua Young, Minister of the Unitarian Church, Burlington, Vt. : Published by request
|location=Burlington, Vermont
|url=https://digital.library.cornell.edu/catalog/may870311
|publisher=E. A. Fuller, Bookseller and Stationer
|date=1859
}}
- {{cite journal
|first=Joshua
|last=Young
|authorlink=Joshua Young
|title=To the Worshipful Masters, Wardens, and Brothers of Si. Mary's Lodge, A.F. and A.M., St. Mary's, Georgia. Old Colony Lodge of Hingham, Mass., sends greeting
|journal=Moore's Freemason's Magazine
|date=November 1865
|url=https://archive.org/details/Proceedings_Of_The_Grand_Lodge_Of_Massachusetts_1872/page/n857/mode/2up?q=%22Joshua+young%22
}}
- {{cite book
|first=Joshua
|last=Young
|authorlink=Joshua Young
|title=The Tree Is Known by its Fruit. A Sermon Preached Feb. 11, 1872, in the Unitarian Church, Fall River
|date=February 11, 1872
|location=Fall River, Massachusetts}}
- {{cite book
|first=Joshua
|last=Young
|authorlink=Joshua Young
|chapter=Progress of the Country during the Century
|title=Centennial anniversary of Washington's inauguration. Proceedings in the First Parish Meeting-house, at Groton, Massachusetts, April 30, 1889
|date=1889
|location=Groton, Massachusetts
|chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/centennialannive00grot/page/16/mode/2up
|pages=17–23
|publisher=University Press}}
- {{cite book
|first=Joshua
|last=Young
|authorlink=Joshua Young
|title=One hundred years of Old Colony Lodge A.F. and A.M. : Centennial celebration, Higham, Dec. 9, 1892.
|date=December 9, 1892
|location=Hingham, Massachusetts
|publisher=Old Colony Lodge}}
- {{cite book
|first=Joshua
|last=Young
|publisher=E.A. Fuller
|authorlink=Joshua Young
|date=January 25, 1902
|url=https://archive.org/details/addressatfunera00youngoog
|title=Address at the Funeral of Mrs. Charlotte Augusta Langdon Sibley: of Groton, Mass., Jan. 25, 1902, by her pastor, Rev. Joshua Young, D.D.
|location=Groton, Massachusetts
}}
- {{cite book
|first=Joshua
|last=Young
|authorlink=Joshua Young
|title=Letter of resignation of Rev. Joshua Young, D.D. : of the First Parish Church in Groton, Massachusetts, March 8, 1902.
|date=March 8, 1902}}
- {{cite journal
|first=Joshua
|last=Young
|authorlink=Joshua Young
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RaUTAAAAYAAJ&q=Funeral
|pages=229–243
|title=The Funeral of John Brown
|journal=New England Magazine
|date=April 1904}}
Legacy
- Folk singer Pete Sutherland based a 1997 song, "A Crown of Righteousness”, on a sermon by Young.
- In 2012, lines from Young's 1854 sermon “Come and See What It Is to Be a Unitarian" were used for responsive reading by Young's final parish, the First Parish Church of Groton.{{citation
|title=Responsive reading notes
|date=November 4, 2012
|first=Elz
|last=Curtiss
|url=https://uugroton.org/nbu/public/OOS/OOS-2012-11-04.pdf
|accessdate=July 10, 2021
|archive-date=July 11, 2021
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210711113917/https://uugroton.org/nbu/public/OOS/OOS-2012-11-04.pdf
|url-status=live
}}
References
{{reflist}}
This article incorporates material from a work in the public domain: [https://archive.org/details/Proceedings_Of_The_Grand_Lodge_Of_Massachusetts_1872/page/n597/mode/2up?q=%22Joshua+young%22 Proceedings of the Grand Lodge of Massachusetts, 1872], pp. 385–387.
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Young, Joshua}}
Category:People from Burlington, Vermont
Category:American Unitarian clergy
Category:American Congregationalist ministers
Category:Bowdoin College alumni
Category:People from Pittston, Maine
Category:Harvard Divinity School alumni
Category:People from Fall River, Massachusetts
Category:People from Groton, Massachusetts
Category:People from Hingham, Massachusetts
Category:Underground Railroad people