Julia Smith (composer)

{{Short description|American composer, pianist and musicologist (1905–1989)}}

{{Infobox person

| honorific_prefix =

| name = Julia Frances Smith

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| image = Photo of Julia Smith (composer).jpg

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| birth_date = {{birth date |1905|01|25|df=y}}

| birth_place = Denton, Texas, United States

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| death_date = {{death date and age |1989|04|18|1905|01|25|df=y}}

| death_place = New York City, New York, United States

| module = {{Infobox musical artist

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| background = non_vocal_instrumentalist

| occupation = Composer, pianist

| instrument = Piano

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Julia Frances Smith ( January 25, 1905Several publications, including a reference to her age in her obituary in The New York Times, May 3, 1989, wrongly{{citation needed|date=March 2019}} assume her year of birth as 1911; some references cite January 25, 1911 as her date of birth – April 18, 1989Note that the date of death shown on Julia Smith Vielehr's grave marker (April 18, 1989) differs from that of the Social Security Death Index (April 1, 1989){{cite web | title=Julia Smith, 78, Composer and Pianist, Dies | website=The New York Times | date=1989-05-03 | url=https://www.nytimes.com/1989/05/03/obituaries/julia-smith-78-composer-and-pianist-dies.html | access-date=2019-08-22}}{{cite web | title=Julia Smith Vielehr (1905-1989) | website=Find A Grave Memorial | date=1905-01-15 | url=https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/16530411/vielehr | access-date=2019-08-22}}) was an American composer, pianist and musicologist.

Life and career

She was born in Denton, Texas.

She graduated from University of North Texas College of Music (1930) and then continued with graduate studies in piano and composition at the Juilliard School with Reuben Goldmark and Frederick Jacobi from 1932 to 1939, earning a diploma. She simultaneously studied at New York University earning a master's degree in 1933 and a PhD in 1952. From 1932 to 1939, she served as pianist for the Orchestrette Classique of New York, a women's orchestra. During this time, she also gave concerts of mostly American music in Latin America, Europe, and throughout the United States. As a performer, she became particularly associated with the works of Aaron Copland. From 1941 to 1946, she taught at the Hartt School, where she founded the department of music education. She collaborated with composer Cecile Vashaw on The Work and Play String Method, an instructional series for violin, viola, cello, and bass. She joined ASCAP in 1945.ASCAP (1948) [http://www.folklib.net/book/index/book_ascap.shtml#pn The ASCAP Biographical Dictionary, 1st ed. , p. 345]

As a composer, Smith is best known for her operas and orchestral works, which have all been performed. Her music incorporates elements of jazz, folk music and 20th-century French harmony. Her compositional style has an appealing directness and although tonal, makes interesting use of dissonance. Among her works are a string quartet (1964) which uses irregular metres and driving rhythms, and the operas Cynthia Parker and Cockcrow, which employ folk music within a generally conservative tonal idiom.

Cynthia Parker was Smith's first opera. She had long been determined to write an opera on a Texas story, and that of Cynthia Parker was a gripping one. Kidnapped by Native Americans, Parker was raised by Comanche, eventually marrying a chief and raising three children of her own. She was found by Texas Rangers and returned to white society, but was unhappy there and eventually committed suicide.{{Cite book|title=Native American Adoption, Captivity, and Slavery in Changing Contexts|last=Holdridge|first=Lin|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan|year=2012|isbn=978-1-137-01052-0|editor-last=Carocci|editor-first=M.|location=New York|pages=167–183|chapter=Chapter 9: Visual Representation as a Method of Discourse on Captivity, Focused on Cynthia Ann Parker}} Smith plays up the differences between Native and settler cultures by using stereotypical "Indian" tropes for the Comanche and familiar and popular folk music for the white colonists of the American West.{{Cite thesis|title=Accessibility and authenticity in Julia Smith's "Cynthia Parker"|last=Buehner|first=Katie R.|year=2007|location=Denton, TX|pages=21–49|degree=Masters|url=http://digital.library.unt.edu/permalink/meta-dc-5197|oclc=229446800}}

Smith was the recipient of several commissions and awards and was active in several music organizations, especially the National Federation of Music Clubs, for which she chaired the Decade of Women Committee (1970–79). As a writer her publications include Aaron Copland: his Work and Contribution to American Music (New York, 1955) and a Directory of American Women Composers (Chicago, 1970), of which she was the editor.

She died in New York City. Many of her manuscripts, including those of her operas, are held by the Music Library at the University of North Texas in Denton.

Selected compositions

Allegiance: Patriotic Song (c. 1918)
Cynthia Parker, opera (c. 1939)
Stranger of Manzano, opera; libretto by John William Rogers
Characteristic Suite for piano (c. 1949)
Cockcrow, one-act opera (1953)
American Dance Suite for two pianos, four hands (c. 1957)
Quartet for strings (1964)[https://www.earsense.org/chamber-music/Julia-Smith-String-Quartet/ Quartet for Strings, Edition Silvertrust]
Remember the Alamo (with Cecile Vashaw) (1965)
Two Pieces for viola and piano (1966)
Trio-Cornwall [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pje_5trSUBM for Violin, Cello and Piano (1966)]
Concerto in E minor for piano and orchestra (1938 ; rev. 1971)
"Glory to the Green and White", University of North Texas alma mater
Daisy, opera in 2 acts; libretto by Bertita Harding
God Bless This House from the American opera Daisy; text from the poem "Blessing the House" by Anna Hempstead Branch (c. 1974)
Five pieces, for Double Bass and Piano, double bass part edited by Homer R. Mensch (c. 1985)
Prairie Kaleidoscope: five songs for voice and piano, poems by Ona Mae Ratcliff (née Minnick; 1909–2001), music by Julia Smith (1981)
Suite for Wind Octet, (1980)

Selected writings

Julia Smith, Aaron Copland, his work and contribution to American music, Dutton, New York (1955)
Directory of American women composers, with selected music for senior & junior clubs, compiled and edited by Julia Smith, National Federation of Music Clubs (1970)

Teaching positions

1935: Smith began part-time teaching at the Hamlin School, Fair Lawn, NJ
1940–42: taught at Juilliard
1941–46: taught at the Hartt School, where she founded and served as head of the Department of Music Education
1944–46: taught at Teachers College of Connecticut

Family

On April 23, 1938, Julia Smith married Oscar Albert Vielehr (b. Aug. 4, 1892, Rochester, NY;WWII Draft Registration Card d. Nov 30, 1975, New York, NY),Obituary: Oscar A. Vielehr, Denton Record-Chronicle, Dec. 21, 1975 an engineer and inventor who worked for the Gyroscope Company, an Army ordnance plant. They met at a concert.Sarah Moore, College to Present Dentonite's Operas, Denton Record-Chronicle, Oct. 3, 1954

References

Sources

Who's Who in American Music: Classical, R.R. Bowker, New York (1983), {{ISBN|0-8352-1725-6}}
Baker's Biographical Dictionary of Musicians, Eighth edition, revised by Nicolas Slonimsky (1894–1995), Macmillan Publishing Co., New York (1992), p. 1734-5, {{ISBN|0-02-872415-1}}
Baker's Biographical Dictionary of Musicians, Ninth edition, edited by Laura Diane Kuhn (born 1953), Schirmer Books, New York (2001)
Baker's Biographical Dictionary of Twentieth-Century Classical Musicians, by Nicolas Slonimsky (1894–1995), Schirmer Books, New York (1997), p. 1275, {{ISBN|0-02-871271-4}}
Baker's Dictionary of Opera, edited by Laura Diane Kuhn (born 1953), Schirmer Books, New York (2000), {{ISBN|0-02-865349-1}}
Contemporary Authors. A bio-bibliographical guide to current writers in fiction, general nonfiction, poetry, journalism, drama, motion pictures, television, and other fields, Volume 128. Detroit: Gale Research, Detroit (1990), {{ISBN|0-8103-7770-5}}
The New American Dictionary of Music, by Philip David Morehead (born 1942) with [http://music.unc.edu/faculty-staff/anne-macneil Anne MacNeil], Dutton, New York (1991), {{ISBN|0-525-93345-X}}
The New Grove Dictionary of Opera, four volumes, edited by Stanley Sadie (1930–2005), Grove's Dictionaries of Music, New York. {{ISBN|0-333-73432-7}} and {{ISBN|1-56159-228-5}}
The New Grove Dictionary of Women Composers, edited by Julie Anne Sadie & Rhian Samuel, Macmillan Publishers, London; W.W. Norton, New York (1994) {{OCLC|31761482}}, {{ISBN|0-333-51598-6}}
The Concise Baker's Biographical Dictionary of Musicians, Eighth edition, revised by Nicolas Slonimsky (1894–1995), New York, NY: Schirmer Books (1994), p. 953, {{ISBN|0-02-872416-X}}.
ASCAP (1948) [http://www.folklib.net/book/index/book_ascap.shtml#pn The ASCAP Biographical Dictionary, 1st ed. , p. 345].
ASCAP (1952) [http://www.folklib.net/book/index/book_ascap.shtml#po The ASCAP Biographical Dictionary, 2nd ed., p. 467-8].
ASCAP (1966) [http://www.folklib.net/book/index/book_ascap.shtml#pp The ASCAP Biographical Dictionary, 3rd ed., p. 688].
ASCAP (1980) [http://www.folklib.net/book/index/book_ascap.shtml#pq The ASCAP Biographical Dictionary, 4th ed., p. 472-3], {{ISBN|0-8352-1283-1}}.
Zaimont, Judith Lang (born 1945) & Karen Famera, [http://www.folklib.net/index/discog/bibliog12.shtml#yk Contemporary Concert Music by Women: A Directory of the Composers and Their Works, p. 118-9], Westport, CT: Greenwood Press (1998), {{ISBN|0-313-22921-X}}
Holdridge L. (2012) Visual Representation as a Method of Discourse on Captivity, Focused on Cynthia Ann Parker. In: Carocci M., Pratt S. (eds) Native American Adoption, Captivity, and Slavery in Changing Contexts. Studies of the Americas. Palgrave Macmillan, New York
Katie R. Buehner, Accessibility and authenticity in Julia Smith's “Cynthia Parker”. MM thesis, University of North Texas, ProQuest Dissertations Publishing, 2007. 1451995.