Julia Ward Howe

Julia Ward was born in New York City on May 27, 1819. She was the fourth of seven children. Her father Samuel Ward III was a Wall Street stockbroker, banker, and strict Calvinist Episcopalian. Her mother was the poet Julia Rush Cutler Ward,{{cite ANB |author=Sandra F. VanBurkleo, Mary Jo Miles |title=Howe, Julia Ward |url=http://www.anb.org/articles/15/15-00348.html |year=2000 |access-date=November 5, 2013 }} related to Francis Marion, the "Swamp Fox" of the American Revolution. She died during childbirth when Howe was five.

Howe was educated by private tutors and schools for young ladies until she was sixteen. Her eldest brother, Samuel Cutler Ward, traveled in Europe and brought home a private library. She had access to these books, many contradicting the Calvinistic view."Howe, Julia Ward (1819–1910)", Encyclopedia of the American Civil War: A Political, Social, and Military History. Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO, 2000. Credo Reference. November 7, 2013. Though social, she became well-read,{{cite web|title=Julia Ward Howe Biography|url=http://www.juliawardhowe.org/bio.htm|access-date=January 21, 2014}}{{cite book|last=Richards|first=Laura|title=Celebration of Women Writers|year=1915|publisher=Houghton Mifflin Company|url=http://digital.library.upenn.edu/women/richards/howe/howe-I.html#II}} as well as scholarly. She met, because of her father's status as a successful banker, Charles Dickens, Charles Sumner, and Margaret Fuller.

Her brother, Sam, married into the Astor family,{{cite web|last=Joann|first=Goodman|title=Julia Ward Howe|url=http://www25.uua.org/uuhs/duub/articles/juliawardhowe.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131231033128/http://www25.uua.org/uuhs/duub/articles/juliawardhowe.html|archive-date=December 31, 2013}} allowing him great social freedom that he shared with his sister. The siblings were cast into mourning with the death of their father in 1839, the death of their brother, Henry, and the deaths of Samuel's wife, Emily, and their newborn child.{{cn|date=November 2022}}

File:HOWS V2 D0852 Julia Ward Howe (cropped).png

Though raised an Episcopalian, Julia became a Unitarian by 1841.[http://uudb.org/articles/juliawardhowe.html Biography] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190417114242/http://uudb.org/articles/juliawardhowe.html |date=April 17, 2019 }} Dictionary of Unitarian & Universalist Biography In Boston, Ward met Samuel Gridley Howe, a physician and reformer who had founded the Perkins School for the Blind.{{cite web|title=Julia Ward Howe|url=https://www.womenshistory.org/education-resources/biographies/julia-ward-howe|work=National Women's History Museum}} Howe had courted her, but he had shown an interest in her sister Louisa.Williams, Gary. Hungry Heart: The Literary Emergence of Julia Ward Howe. Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 1999: 33. {{ISBN|1-55849-157-0}} In 1843, they married despite their eighteen-year age difference. She gave birth to their first child while honeymooning in Europe. She bore their last child in December 1859 at the age of forty. They had six children: Julia Romana Howe (1844–1886), Florence Marion Howe (1845–1922), Henry Marion Howe (1848–1922), Laura Elizabeth Howe (1850–1943), Maud Howe (1855–1948), and Samuel Gridley Howe Jr. (1859–1863). Howe was an aunt of novelist Francis Marion Crawford. Ward’s marriage to Howe was troublesome for her. He did not approve of her writing and did everything he could to disrupt her creative efforts.{{Cite book|author=Showalter, Elaine|url=http://worldcat.org/oclc/952647568|title=The civil wars of Julia Ward Howe : a biography|date=February 28, 2017|publisher=Simon and Schuster |isbn=978-1-4516-4591-0|oclc=952647568}}

Howe raised her children in South Boston, while her husband pursued his advocacy work. She hid her unhappiness with their marriage, earning the nickname "the family champagne" from her children.{{Cite web|url=https://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2016/03/16/470444422/battle-hymn-at-the-dining-table-a-famous-feminist-subjugated-through-food|title=Battle Hymn at the Dining Table: A Famous Feminist Subjugated Through Food|last=Martyris|first=Nina|date=March 16, 2016|publisher=NPR|access-date=July 30, 2016}} She made frequent visits to Gardiner, Maine, where she stayed at "The Yellow House," a home built originally in 1814 and later home to her daughter Laura.{{cite web|url=http://www.gpl.lib.me.us/richards_yellow_house.html|title=Gardiner Public Library, Gardiner, Maine|access-date=December 18, 2015|archive-date=August 16, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160816223838/http://www.gpl.lib.me.us/richards_yellow_house.html|url-status=dead}}

Howe was a vegetarian in the late 1830s but was eating meat again by 1843.Showalter, Elaine (2017). The Civil Wars of Julia Ward Howe: A Biography. Simon & Schuster. p. 17. {{ISBN|978-1451645910}}[https://digital.library.upenn.edu/women/richards/howe/howe-I.html "Julia Ward Howe: 1819-1910"]. digital.library.upenn.edu. Retrieved April 12, 2023. In 1852, the Howes bought a "country home" with 4.7 acres of land in Portsmouth, Rhode Island, which they called "Oak Glen."{{cite web|title=Julia Ward Howe, Author of Battle Hymn, Spent Much of Her Life in Portsmouth|url=https://zilianblog.com/2014/03/24/julia-ward-howe-author-of-battle-hymn-spent-much-of-her-life-in-portsmouth/|website=Zilian Commentary|date=March 24, 2014|access-date=May 4, 2017}} They continued to maintain homes in Boston and Newport, but spent several months each year at Oak Glen.

File:John Elliott - Julia Ward Howe - Google Art Project.jpg, 1925]]

She attended lectures, studied foreign languages, and wrote plays and dramas. Prior to her marriage, Howe had published essays on Goethe, Schiller and Lamartine in the New York Review and Theological Review. Her first volume of poetry, Passion-Flowers was published anonymously in 1853. The book collected personal poems and was written without the knowledge of her husband, who was then editing the Free Soil newspaper The Commonwealth.Williams, Gary. Hungry Heart: The Literary Emergence of Julia Ward Howe. Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 1999: 134–135. {{ISBN|1-55849-157-0}} Her second anonymous collection, Words for the Hour, appeared in 1857. She went on to write plays such as Leonora, The World's Own, and Hippolytus. These works all contained allusions to her stultifying marriage.

Unpublished during her lifetime but certainly part of her twenty-first century legacy is a fragmentary novel, The Hermaphrodite, assembled from manuscript fragments in Harvard's Houghton Library by Gary Williams and published in 2004 by the University of Nebraska Press.

She went on trips including several for missions. In 1860, she published A Trip to Cuba, which told of her 1859 trip. It had generated outrage from William Lloyd Garrison, an abolitionist, for its derogatory view of Black people. Howe believed it was right to free the slaves but did not believe in racial equality."JULIA WARD HOWE (1819–1910)." Slavery in the United States: A Social, Political, and Historical Encyclopedia. Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO, 2007. Credo Reference. Web. November 14, 2013. Several letters on High Newport society were published in the New York Tribune in 1860, as well.

Howe's being a published author troubled her husband greatly, especially due to the fact that her poems many times had to do with critiques of women's roles as wives, her own marriage, and women's place in society.{{cite web|url=https://www.womenofthehall.org/inductee/julia-ward-howe/|title=Julia Ward Howe – National Women's Hall of Fame|work=National Women's Hall of Fame|access-date=January 21, 2014}}{{cite web|url=http://ocp.hul.harvard.edu/ww/howe.html|title=Open Collections Program: Women Working, Julia Ward Howe (1819–1910)|work=Women Working, 1800 – 1930|publisher=Harvard University Library|access-date=January 21, 2014}} Their marriage problems escalated to the point where they separated in 1852. Samuel, when he became her husband, had also taken complete control of her estate income. Upon her husband's death in 1876, she found that through a series of bad investments, most of her money had been lost.

Howe's writing and social activism were greatly shaped by her upbringing and married life. Much study has gone into her difficult marriage and how it influenced her work, both written and active.{{cite web |last1=Lepore |first1=Jill |title='The Civil Wars of Julia Ward Howe,' by Elaine Showalter |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/03/06/books/review/the-civil-wars-of-julia-ward-howe-by-elaine-showalter.html |work=The New York Times |access-date=August 27, 2020 |date=February 29, 2016}}

In the early 1870s, Howe was nominated by Massachusetts governor William Claflin as justice of the peace. However, there were uncertainties surrounding her appointment, as many believed women were not fit to hold office. In 1871, the Massachusetts Supreme Court made the decision that women could not hold any judicial offices without explicit authorization from the legislature, thereby nullifying Howe's appointment to justice of the peace. This led to activists petitioning for legislation allowing women to hold office, separate from legislating women's suffrage. Women's supporters believed that petitioning for officeholding before petitioning for a women's suffrage amendment would expedite women's involvement in politics.{{Cite journal|last=Katz|first=Elizabeth D.|date=July 30, 2021|title=Sex, Suffrage, and State Constitutional Law: Women's Legal Right to Hold Public Office |journal=Yale Journal of Law & Feminism |url=https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3896499|language=en|location=Rochester, NY|ssrn=3896499}}

{{listen|filename=Battle Hymn of the Republic, Frank C. Stanley, Elise Stevenson.ogg|title=The Battle Hymn of the Republic|description="The Battle Hymn of the Republic", performed by Frank C. Stanley, Elise Stevenson, and a mixed quartet in 1908|format=Ogg|title2=The Battle Hymn of the Republic

|filename2=Battle Hymn of the Republic (USAFB).ogg

|description2="The Battle Hymn of the Republic", modern arrangement arranged by Eric Richards, performed by United States Air Force Band Airmen of Note

}}

She was inspired to write "The Battle Hymn of the Republic" after she and her husband visited Washington, D.C., and met Abraham Lincoln at the White House in {{nowrap|November 1861}}. During the trip, her friend James Freeman Clarke suggested she write new words to the song "John Brown's Body", which she did on November 19.Williams, Gary. Hungry Heart: The Literary Emergence of Julia Ward Howe. Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 1999: 208. {{ISBN|1-55849-157-0}} The song was set to William Steffe's already existing music and Howe's version was first published in the Atlantic Monthly in {{nowrap|February 1862}}. It quickly became one of the most popular songs of the Union during the American Civil War.

Howe produced eleven issues of the literary magazine, Northern Lights, in 1867. That same year she wrote about her travels to Europe in From the Oak to the Olive. After the war, she focused her activities on the causes of pacifism and women's suffrage. By 1868, Julia's husband no longer opposed her involvement in public life, so she decided to become active in reform. She helped found the New England Women's Club and the New England Woman Suffrage Association. She served as president for nine years beginning in 1868.VanBurleo, Miles In 1869, she became co-leader with Lucy Stone of the American Woman Suffrage Association. Then, in 1870, she became president of the New England Women's Club. After her husband's death in 1876, she focused more on her interests in reform. In 1877 Howe was one of the founders of the Women's Educational and Industrial Union in Boston.{{cite book |last1=Sander |first1=Kathleen Waters |title=The business of charity: the woman's exchange movement, 1832–1900 |date=1998 |publisher=University of Illinois Press |isbn=0252067037 |pages=66}} She was the founder and from 1876 to 1897 president of the Association of American Women, which advocated for women's education. Unlike other suffragists at the time, Howe supported the final version of the Fifteenth Amendment, which had omitted the inclusion of language originally barring discrimination against women as well as people of color. Her reason for supporting this version of the Fifteenth Amendment was that "she viewed black men's suffrage as the priority."

In 1872, she became the editor of Woman's Journal, a widely-read suffragist magazine founded in 1870 by Lucy Stone and Henry B. Blackwell.{{cite book | title = The Torch Bearer A Look Forward and Back at the Woman's Journal, the Organ of the Woman's Movement | author= Ryan, Agnes E | url=http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/12071/pg12071-images.html}} She contributed to it for twenty years. That same year, she wrote her "Appeal to womanhood throughout the world", later known as the Mother's Day Proclamation,{{cite book |url=https://www.loc.gov/resource/rbpe.07400300 |title=Appeal to womanhood throughout the world |first=Julia Ward |last=Howe |newspaper=The Library of Congress |date=September 1870}} which asked women around the world to join for world peace. (See :Category:Pacifist feminism.) She authored it soon after she evolved into a pacifist and an anti-war activist. In 1872, she asked that "Mothers' Day" be celebrated on June 2.{{cite book | title = Consumer Rites: The Buying and Selling of American Holidays | author = Leigh, Eric Schmidt | edition = reprint, illustrated | editor = Princeton University Press | editor-link = Princeton University Press | year = 1997 | pages = 252, 348 (footnote 17 of chapter 5) | publisher = Princeton University Press | isbn = 0-691-01721-2 |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=maF8mTPsJqsC }} citing Deborah Pickman Clifford, Mine Eyes Have Seen the Glory: A Biography of Julia Ward Howe (Boston: Little, Brown, 1979), 187, 207, and Julia Ward Howe, "How the Fourth of July Should Be Celebrated", Forum 15 (July 1983); 574[http://legacyproject.org/guides/mdhistory.html The History of Mothers' Day] from The Legacy Project, a Legacy Center (Canada) website{{cite book | title= The family in America: an encyclopedia |chapter= Mothers' Day |author= Virginia Bernhard |editor= Joseph M. Hawes, Elizabeth F. Shores |edition=3, illustrated |publisher= ABC-CLIO |year= 2002 |isbn= 1-57607-232-0 |page= 714 | chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=z55xx8_P08UC&q=%22mother%27s+day%22+origin&pg=PT714 }}The First Anniversary of "Mothers' Day", The New York Times, June 3, 1874, p. 8: "'Mothers' Day', which was inaugurated in this city on the 2nd of June, 1872, by Mrs. Julia Ward Howards{{sic}}, was celebrated last night at Plimpton Hall by a mothers' peace meeting..." Her efforts were not successful, and by 1893 she was wondering if July 4 could be remade into "Mothers' Day". In 1874, she edited a coeducational defense titled Sex and Education. She wrote a collection about the places she lived in 1880 called Modern Society. In 1883, Howe published a biography of Margaret Fuller. Then, in 1885 she published another collection of lectures called Is Polite Society Polite? ("Polite society" is a euphemism for the upper class.) In 1899 she published her popular memoirs, Reminiscences. She continued to write until her death.

File:Is polite society polite and other essays by Mrs. Julia Ward Howe - 10713776773.jpg

In 1881, Howe was elected president of the Association for the Advancement of Women. Around the same time, Howe went on a speaking tour of the Pacific coast and founded the Century Club of San Francisco. In 1890, she helped found the General Federation of Women's Clubs, to reaffirm the Christian values of frugality and moderation. From 1891 to 1893, she served as president for the second time of the Massachusetts Woman Suffrage Association. Until her death, she was president of the New England Woman Suffrage Association. From 1893 to 1898 she directed the General Federation of Women's Clubs, and headed the Massachusetts Federation of Women's Clubs. Howe spoke at the 1893 World's Parliament of Religions in Chicago reflecting on the question, What is Religion?.Barrows, John Henry, The World’s Parliament of Religions: An Illustrated and Popular Story of the World’s First Parliament of Religions, Held in Chicago in connection with the Columbian Exposition of 1893, Volume 2. Chicago: The Parliament Publishing Company, 1893, 1250-1251. In 1908 Julia was the first woman to be elected to the American Academy of Arts and Letters, a society; its goal is to "foster, assist, and sustain excellence" in American literature, music, and art.{{Cite web |url=http://www.americaslibrary.gov/jb/progress/jb_progress_howe_1.html |title=Julia Ward Howe Elected to American Academy of Arts and Letters |website=America's Story |publisher=Library of Congress |access-date=May 25, 2018}}

Image:Julia Ward Howe 2.png

File:Julia Ward Howe bas-relief plaque by Cyrus Dallin.jpg

Howe died of pneumonia on October 17, 1910, at her Portsmouth home, Oak Glen at the age of 91.Ehrlich, Eugene and Gorton Carruth. The Oxford Illustrated Literary Guide to the United States. New York: Oxford University Press, 1982: 71. {{ISBN|0-19-503186-5}} She is buried in the Mount Auburn Cemetery in Cambridge, Massachusetts.Corbett, William. Literary New England: A History and Guide. Boston: Faber and Faber, 1993: 106. {{ISBN|0-571-19816-3}} At her memorial service approximately 4,000 people sang "Battle Hymn of the Republic" as a sign of respect as it was the custom to sing that song at each of Julia's speaking engagements.Howe, Julia Ward (1819–1910)." Encyclopedia of the American Civil War: A Political, Social, and Military History. Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO, 2000. Credo Reference. Web. November 7, 2013.

In 1912, the members of the New England Women's Club commissioned a marble bas-relief plaque of Howe in profile featuring the opening words of The Battle Hymn of the Republic by sculptor Cyrus Dallin. It was originally installed to the left wall of the then main hall of the Boston Museum of Fine Arts in 1913.{{Cite news |date=May 3, 1913 |title=Mrs. Howe's Bas Relief in Art Museum |work=Boston Herald |pages=5}}

After her death, her children collaborated on a biography,{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=neVDAAAAYAAJ|title=Julia Ward Howe, 1819–1910|first1=Laura Elizabeth Howe|last1=Richards|first2=Maud Howe|last2=Elliott|first3=Florence Howe|last3=Hall|date=January 1, 1915|publisher=Houghton Mifflin|via=Google Books}} published in 1916. It won the Pulitzer Prize for Biography.Ziegler, Valarie H. Diva Julia: The Public Romance and Private Agony of Julia Ward Howe. Harrisburg, PA: Trinity Press International, 2003: 11. {{ISBN|1-56338-418-3}}

In 1987, she was honored by the U.S. Postal Service with a 14¢ Great Americans series postage stamp.{{Cite news |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1987-01-23-me-746-story.html |title=Julia Ward Howe Stamp |date=January 23, 1987 |work=Los Angeles Times |access-date=May 25, 2018 |language=en-US |issn=0458-3035 |agency=Associated Press }}

Several buildings are associated with her name:

• The Julia Ward Howe School of Excellence in Chicago's Austin community is named in her honor.{{Cite web |url=http://howe.auslchicago.org/about |title=About |website=Howe School of Excellence |access-date=May 25, 2018 |publisher=Academy for Urban School Leadership |archive-date=May 26, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180526185841/http://howe.auslchicago.org/about |url-status=dead }}
• The Howe neighborhood in Minneapolis, Minnesota, was named for her.{{cite web |url=http://www.minneapolismn.gov/neighborhoods/howe/neighborhoods_howe_profile_home |title=Howe |publisher=City of Minneapolis, Minnesota |access-date=May 10, 2013 |archive-date=November 20, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181120080223/http://www.minneapolismn.gov/neighborhoods/howe/neighborhoods_howe_profile_home |url-status=dead }}
• The Julia Ward Howe Academics Plus Elementary School in Philadelphia was named in her honor in 1913.{{cite web| url = {{NRHP-PA|H096019_01D.pdf}}| title = Pennsylvania Historic Resource Survey Form: Julia Ward Howe School| access-date = June 16, 2012| first=J.M. |last=Moak| format = PDF| date= May 1987}}
• Her Rhode Island home, Oak Glen, was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.{{cite web|url=http://www.preservation.ri.gov/pdfs_zips_downloads/national_pdfs/portsmouth/port_union-street-745_julia-ward-howe-house.pdf|title=NRHP nomination for Oak Glen |publisher=Rhode Island Preservation |access-date=November 3, 2014 }}
• Her Boston home is a stop on the Boston Women's Heritage Trail.{{cite web|title=Back Bay East|url=http://bwht.org/back-bay-east/|website=Boston Women's Heritage Trail}}
• Julia Ward Howe Elementary School, located in Mount Lebanon, Pennsylvania. {{Cite web |date=April 22, 2024 |title=Home - Howe Elementary School |url=https://howe.mtlsd.org/ |access-date=April 17, 2024 |website=howe.mtlsd.org |language=en-US}}

• January 28, 1908, at age 88, Howe became the first woman elected to the American Academy of Arts and Letters.
• 1970, inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame.{{Cite web |url=https://www.songhall.org/profile/Julia_Ward_Howe |title=Julia Ward Howe |website=Songwriters Hall of Fame |access-date=May 26, 2018 }}
• In 1998, inducted into the National Women's Hall of Fame.[https://www.womenofthehall.org/inductee/julia-ward-howe/ National Women's Hall of Fame, Julia Ward Howe]

• Passion-Flowers (1854)
• Words for the Hour (1857)
• From Sunset Ridge: Poems Old and New (1898)Ziegler, Valarie H. Diva Julia: The Public Romance and Private Agony of Julia Ward Howe. Harrisburg, PA: Trinity Press International, 2003: 148–149. {{ISBN|1-56338-418-3}}
• Later Lyrics (1866)
• At Sunset (published posthumously, 1910)

• The Hermaphrodite. Incomplete, but probably composed between 1846 and 1847. Published by University of Nebraska Press, 2004
• [https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/38127 From the Oak to the Olive] (travel writing, 1868){{cite book|author=Julia Ward Howe|title=From the oak to the olive: a plain record of a pleasant journey|url=https://archive.org/details/fromoaktoolive00howe|year=1868|publisher=Lee & Shepard}}
• [https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/36489 Modern Society] (essays, 1881)
• [https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/32511 Margaret Fuller (Marchesa Ossoli)] (biography, 1883)
• [https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/74085 Woman's work in America] (1891)
• [https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/34271 Is Polite Society Polite?] (essays, 1895)
• [https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/32603 Reminiscences: 1819–1899]{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/reminiscences1810000howe_o5z7|title=Reminiscences: 1819–1899|first=Julia Ward|last=Howe|date=January 1, 1900|publisher=Houghton Mifflin Company|via=Internet Archive}} (autobiography, 1899)

{{portal|Poetry}}

• List of peace activists
• List of suffragists and suffragettes
• List of women's rights activists
• Timeline of women's suffrage
• Ann Jarvis
• Gardiner, Maine, Howe's home for many years
• Samuel Gridley and Julia Ward Howe House

{{Reflist|30em}}

• Clifford, Deborah Pickman. Mine Eyes Have Seen the Glory: A Biography of Julia Ward Howe. Boston: Little, Brown and Co., 1978. {{oclc|812767088}}.
• Sketches of Representative Women of New England. Boston: New England Historical Pub. Co., 1904. {{oclc|46723804}}.
• Richards, Laura Elizabeth. Julia Ward Howe, 1819–1910. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1916. Two vol. {{oclc|137282181}}.
• Showalter, Elaine. The Civil Wars of Julia Ward Howe. New York: Simon & Schuster, 2017. {{oclc|1001959955}}.
• Williams, Gary. Hungry Heart: The Literary Emergence of Julia Ward Howe. Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 1999
• Williams, Gary, ed. The Hermaphrodite. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2004.
• Williams, Gary, and Renee Bergland, eds. Philosophies of Sex: Critical Essays on The Hermaphrodite. Columbus: Ohio State University Press, 2012.

{{Commons category}}

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Works and papers

• {{Gutenberg author |id=35885| name=Julia Ward Howe}}
• {{Internet Archive author |sname=Julia Ward Howe}}
• {{Librivox author |id=8119}}
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20051110033559/http://ocp.hul.harvard.edu/ww/people_howe.html Howe Papers] at Harvard University
• [http://cdl.library.cornell.edu/cgi-bin/moa/sgml/moa-idx?type=boolean&coll=serial&rgn1=authorind&layer=second&q1=Howe%2C%20J.%20W.&q1=Howe%2C%20Julia%20Ward&q1=Howe%2C%20Julia%20Ward%2C%20Mrs.&searchSummary=20%20matching%20%20journal%20articles Articles by Howe] Archive at "Making of America" project, Cornell University Library
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20091015201554/http://rpo.library.utoronto.ca/poet/170.html Poetry] at Representative Poetry Online (University of Toronto)
• [http://www.prism.net/user/fcarpenter/howe.html Mothers' Day Proclamation] (1870)
• [http://www.juliawardhowe.org Julia Ward Howe.org] Electronic archive of Howe's life and works
• [http://library.uncg.edu/info/depts/scua/collections/manuscripts/html/Mss133.htm Finding Aid for the Julia Ward Howe Papers] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120612035919/http://library.uncg.edu/info/depts/scua/collections/manuscripts/html/Mss133.htm |date=June 12, 2012 }} at The University of North Carolina at Greensboro
• {{ChoralWiki|Julia Ward Howe}}
• [http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:RAD.SCHL:sch00011 Papers,1857–1961.] [http://radcliffe.harvard.edu/schlesinger-library Schlesinger Library], Radcliffe Institute, Harvard University.
• [http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:RAD.SCHL:sch00111 Papers of the Julia Ward Howe family, 1787–1984.] [http://radcliffe.harvard.edu/schlesinger-library Schlesinger Library], Radcliffe Institute, Harvard University.

Biographies

• [http://digital.library.upenn.edu/women/richards/howe/howe-I.html Julia Ward Howe], biography by Laura E. Richards, online at the University of Pennsylvania
• Michals, Debra. [https://www.womenshistory.org/education-resources/biographies/julia-ward-howe "Julia Ward Howe"]. National Women's History Museum." 2015.
• [http://uudb.org/articles/juliawardhowe.html Biography] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190417114242/http://uudb.org/articles/juliawardhowe.html |date=April 17, 2019 }} Dictionary of Unitarian & Universalist Biography
• [http://www.answers.com/topic/julia-ward-howe Julia Ward Howe] at Answers.com
• Showalter, Elaine. "[http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1001959955 The Civil Wars of Julia Ward Howe]" New York: Simon & Schuster, 2017
• [http://www.dcmemorials.com/index_indiv0000691.htm Plaque on the Willard Hotel in Washington, D.C.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100226052616/http://dcmemorials.com/index_indiv0000691.htm |date=February 26, 2010 }} marking where Howe wrote the Hymn

{{Suffrage}}

{{Feminism}}

{{Rhode Island Women's Hall of Fame|2000–2009}}

{{National Women's Hall of Fame|1990–1999}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Howe, Julia Ward}}

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