Julio Licinio

Licinio received his MD from the Federal University of Bahia in 1982 and completed an internship in internal medicine at the University of São Paulo from 1983 to 1984. He then moved to the United States and completed training in endocrinology at The University of Chicago, and psychiatry at Albert Einstein in the Bronx as well as at Weill Cornell Medical College.{{citation needed|date=December 2022}} In 2009, Licinio moved to Australia, where he completed a PhD in psychiatry at Flinders University in 2017.{{citation needed|date=December 2022}} Licinio is registered as a specialist in psychiatry by the Australian Health Practitioner Regulation Agency.{{cite web |url=https://www.ahpra.gov.au/ |title=Australian Health Practitioner Regulation Agency |date=13 October 2014 |access-date=13 October 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141010072219/https://www.ahpra.gov.au/ |archive-date=10 October 2014 |url-status=live }}

He is board certified in psychiatry by the American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology and he is a Fellow of the Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists, the Australian Academy of Health and Medical Sciences (elected 2015),{{Cite web|url=http://www.aahms.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/AAHMS_Fellowship_October-2015.pdf|title=Fellowship of the Australian Academy of Health & Medical Sciences – October 2015|website=Australian Academy of Health & Medical Sciences|access-date=12 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161128134830/http://www.aahms.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/AAHMS_Fellowship_October-2015.pdf|archive-date=28 November 2016|url-status=live}} the American Psychiatric Association, and the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology.{{citation needed|date=December 2022}} In May 2019 Licinio completed an MBA from the Samuel Curtis Johnson Graduate School of Management, Cornell University and an MS in Healthcare Leadership from Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences.{{Cite web|url=https://www.doximity.com/pub/julio-licinio-md|title=Julio Licinio, MD|work=Doximity |access-date=13 December 2022}}

Licinio was an assistant professor of psychiatry at Yale University, then he was a Unit Chief within the Clinical Neurodocrinology Branch of the National Institute of Mental Health at the NIH Intramural Research Program (1993–1999), and later was professor of psychiatry and medicine/endocrinology at the David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA from 1999 until 2006, where he had multiple roles, such as Founding Director of three NIH funded programs: the Interdepartmental Center on Clinical Pharmacology.

In 2006, he was appointed the Miller Professor of Psychiatry, Chairman of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and subsequently associate dean for project development, responsible for starting the Clinical and Translational Science Institute at the University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, where he worked until 2009,{{cite web |url=http://theconversation.com/profiles/julio-licinio-1361/profile_bio |title=Julio Licinio |work=The Conversation |date=28 April 2011 |access-date=29 October 2013}} when he moved to Australia as Director of the John Curtin School of Medical Research. Licinio returned to the US in 2017 as Senior Vice President for Academic and Health Affairs, Executive Dean, College of Medicine, and in 2019 he was appointed SUNY Distinguished Professor in the Departments of Psychiatry, Pharmacology, Medicine and Neuroscience & Physiology at State University of New York Upstate Medical University in Syracuse, New York.{{cite web |url=https://www.upstate.edu/psych/faculty.php?empID=licinioj |title=Julio Licinio, MD/PhD |work=State University of New York Upstate Medical University |access-date=21 January 2023}}

From 1993 to 2001, Licinio was a temporary advisor to the World Health Organization (WHO), co-chairing ten WHO scientific meetings in seven countries, and co-edited the resulting ten books containing the proceedings of those meetings, mostly focused on the role of dysthymia in neurological disorders.{{cite book |title=Dysthymia in neurological disorders: proceedings of WHO meeting |editor=J. Licinio |editor2=L. Prilipko |editor3=C. L. Bolis |publisher=World Health Organization |date=1997 |hdl=10665/65927}}{{cite book |title=Dysthymia : from clinical neuroscience to treatment |editor=J. Licinio |editor2=L. C. L. Bolis |editor3=P. Gold |publisher=World Health Organization |date=1997 |hdl=10665/65928|last1=Health |first1=World Health Organization Division of Mental |last2=Gold |first2=P. |last3=Bolis |first3=C. L. |last4=Licinio |first4=J. }}

In 2005–2010, Licinio was a member of the United States Secretary of Health and Human Services Advisory Committee of Genetics Health and Society (SACGHS).{{cite web |url=http://osp.od.nih.gov/office-clinical-research-and-bioethics-policy/genetics-health-and-society/sacghs-archives |title=Secretary's Advisory Committee on Genetics, Health, and Society |work=NIH |date=13 October 2014 |access-date=13 October 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141017010737/http://osp.od.nih.gov/office-clinical-research-and-bioethics-policy/genetics-health-and-society/sacghs-archives |archive-date=17 October 2014 |url-status=dead }} The key issue addressed during his term was the Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act (GINA), which was strongly supported by the SACGHS. GINA was enacted on 21 May 2008 (Pub.L. 110–233, 122 Stat. 881){{cite web |url=http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/PLAW-110publ233/html/PLAW-110publ233.htm |title=Genetic Information Non-discrimination Act of 2008 |work=United States Government Printing Office |date=13 October 2014 |access-date=13 October 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141027125745/http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/PLAW-110publ233/html/PLAW-110publ233.htm |archive-date=27 October 2014 |url-status=live }} as an Act of Congress in the United States, designed to prohibit the use of genetic information in health insurance and employment.{{cite web |url=http://www.genome.gov/Pages/PolicyEthics/GeneticDiscrimination/SAPonHR493.pdf |title=H.R. 493 – Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act of 2007 |work=Office of Management and Budget |date=25 April 2007 |access-date=12 October 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924040523/http://www.genome.gov/Pages/PolicyEthics/GeneticDiscrimination/SAPonHR493.pdf |archive-date=24 September 2015 |url-status=live }}

Licinio was the head of the Australian node of the German-Australian Institute for Translational Medicine (GAITM), directed by Stefan R. Bornstein.{{cite web |url=http://www.uniklinikum-dresden.de/das-klinikum/kliniken-polikliniken-institute/mk3/forschung/german-australian-institute-for-translational-medicine |title=German-Australian Institute for Translational Medicine (GAITM) |work=Dresden University of Technology |date=13 October 2014 |access-date=13 October 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141005222224/http://www.uniklinikum-dresden.de/das-klinikum/kliniken-polikliniken-institute/mk3/forschung/german-australian-institute-for-translational-medicine |archive-date=5 October 2014 |url-status=live }} He has published collaboratively with 190 colleagues from 54 institutions, located in 19 countries, including Nobel Laureates Andrew Schally{{cite journal |last=Schmid |first=J. |author2=Ludwig, B. |author3=Schally, A. V. |author4=Steffen, A. |author5=Ziegler, C. G. |author6=Block, N. L. |author7=Koutmani, Y. |author8=Brendel, M. D. |author9=Karalis, K. P. |author10=Simeonovic, C. J. |author11=Licinio, J. |author12=Ehrhart-Bornstein, M. |author13=Bornstein, S. R. |title=Modulation of pancreatic islets-stress axis by hypothalamic releasing hormones and 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |date=16 August 2011 |volume=108 |issue=33 |pages=13722–13727 |doi=10.1073/pnas.1110965108 |pmid=21825133 |pmc=3158163|bibcode=2011PNAS..10813722S |doi-access=free }} and Rita Levi-Montalcini.{{cite journal |last=Bornstein |first=S. R. |author2=Ehrhart-Bornstein, M. |author3=Androutsellis-Theotokis, A. |author4=Eisenhofer, G. |author5=Vukicevic, V. |author6=Licinio, J. |author7=Wong, M.-L. |author8=Calissano, P. |author9=Nisticò, G. |author10=Preziosi, P. |author11=Levi-Montalcini, R. |title=Chromaffin cells: the peripheral brain |journal=Molecular Psychiatry |date=April 2012 |volume=17 |issue=4 |pages=354–358 |doi=10.1038/mp.2011.176|pmid=22249377 |doi-access=free }}

• Fellow of the Australian Academy of Health and Medical Sciences, 2015.
• Matthew Flinders Distinguished Professor, Flinders University, "For exceptional eminence, breath of achievement, and outstanding contributions to [his] field of scholarship and to Flinders University", 2015.{{cite web |url=https://www.flinders.edu.au/people/julio.licinio |title=Professor Julio Licinio: Academic Status and Matthew Flinders Distinguished Professor, College of Medicine and Public Health |publisher=Flinders University |access-date=26 July 2020 }}
• State University of New York Distinguished Professor, 2019.{{cite web |url=https://www.suny.edu/suny-news/press-releases/03-2019/3-29-19/ |title=SUNY Board of Trustees Appoints 18 Faculty to Distinguished Ranks |publisher=State University of New York Board |access-date=26 July 2020 }}

Licinio directed three graduate training programs with master's degrees in translational investigation, for physician-scientists, at UCLA (supported by an NIH K30 award),{{cite web |url=http://grants.nih.gov/training/k30.htm |title=K30 Clinical Research Curriculum Award (CRCA) |work=NIH |date=13 October 2014 |access-date=13 October 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141017035539/http://grants.nih.gov/training/k30.htm |archive-date=17 October 2014 |url-status=live }} University of Miami (supported by an NIH K30 award), and Australian National University. He also created and obtained NIH T32,{{cite web |url=http://grants.nih.gov/grants/funding/ac_search_results.htm?text_curr=t32&Search_Type=Activity |title=Institutional National Research Service Award |work=NIH |date=13 October 2014 |access-date=13 October 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141017035628/http://grants.nih.gov/grants/funding/ac_search_results.htm?text_curr=t32&Search_Type=Activity |archive-date=17 October 2014 |url-status=live }} NIH K12,{{cite web |url=http://grants.nih.gov/grants/funding/ac_search_results.htm?text_curr=K12&Search_Type=Activity |title=Physician Scientist Award |work=NIH |date=13 October 2014 |access-date=13 October 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141012025003/http://grants.nih.gov/grants/funding/ac_search_results.htm?text_curr=K12&Search_Type=Activity |archive-date=12 October 2014 |url-status=live }} and PhRMA Foundation (2004 Center of Excellence in Clinical Pharmacology) funding for the UCLA Interdepartmental Clinical Pharmacology Training Program, of which he was founding director (1999–2006).{{cite web |url=http://icptp.k30.ucla.edu/ |title=UCLA Interdepartmental Clinical Pharmacology Training Program |work=UCLA |date=13 October 2014 |access-date=13 October 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141019083121/http://icptp.k30.ucla.edu/ |archive-date=19 October 2014 |url-status=dead }} Licinio was the recipient of an NIH K24 award{{cite web |url=http://grants.nih.gov/grants/funding/ac_search_results.htm?text_curr=k24&Search_Type=Activity |title=Midcareer Investigator Award in Patient-Oriented Research |work=NIH |date=13 October 2014 |access-date=13 October 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141017035408/http://grants.nih.gov/grants/funding/ac_search_results.htm?text_curr=k24&Search_Type=Activity |archive-date=17 October 2014 |url-status=live }} to mentor early career physician-scientists (2002–2007).{{cite web |url=https://reporter.nih.gov/search/AwBjYX88XUel6i1wZGav9A/project-details/7339917 |title=Clinical Neuroendocrinology of Leptin |work=NIH |access-date=21 January 2023 }}

According to Google Scholar, Licinio has an h-index of 86, with 38,965 citations.{{cite web |url=https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=tupRGcsAAAAJ&hl=en |title=Julio Licinio |work=Google Scholar |access-date=8 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131101205110/http://scholar.google.com/citations?user=tupRGcsAAAAJ&hl=en |archive-date=1 November 2013 |url-status=live }} He has published 309 papers indexed in PubMed,{{cite web |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Licinio+J |title=PubMed-indexed articles by J Licinio |work=PubMed |date=13 October 2014 |access-date=13 October 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141017025455/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Licinio+J |archive-date=17 October 2014 |url-status=live }} as well as 13 books.

Licinio is known for his research into leptin and its role in conveying a feeling of satiety. For example, in 2002, he identified three people from Turkey who suffered from a genetic disorder called leptin deficiency – the only three adults known at that time to have this disorder – all of whom were severely overweight as a result.{{cite web |url=https://abcnews.go.com/GMA/story?id=125877& |title=The Role of Leptin in Weight Loss |publisher=ABC News |date=7 August 2002 |access-date=25 March 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304200201/https://abcnews.go.com/GMA/story?id=125877& |archive-date=4 March 2016 |url-status=live }} He then administered daily leptin injections to each of them, and found that after ten months, the patients had lost half of his or her original body weight.{{cite journal |last=Licinio |first=J. |author2=Caglayan, S. |author3=Ozata, M. |author4=Yildiz, B. O. |author5=de Miranda, P. B. |author6=O'Kirwan, F. |author7=Whitby, R. |author8=Liang, L. |author9=Cohen, P. |author10=Bhasin, S. |author11=Krauss, R. M. |author12=Veldhuis, J. D. |author13=Wagner, A. J. |author14=DePaoli, A. M. |author15=McCann, S. M. |author16=Wong, M.-L. |title=Phenotypic effects of leptin replacement on morbid obesity, diabetes mellitus, hypogonadism, and behavior in leptin-deficient adults |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |date=9 March 2004 |volume=101 |issue=13 |pages=4531–4536 |doi=10.1073/pnas.0308767101 |pmid=15070752 |pmc=384781|bibcode=2004PNAS..101.4531L |doi-access=free }}{{cite web |url=http://www.upi.com/Science_News/2002/07/24/Leptin-helps-Turkish-family-lose-weight/UPI-95301027562409/ |title=Leptin helps Turkish family lose weight |work=UPI |date=24 July 2002 |access-date=25 March 2014 |author=Woznicki, Katrina |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140326055203/http://www.upi.com/Science_News/2002/07/24/Leptin-helps-Turkish-family-lose-weight/UPI-95301027562409/ |archive-date=26 March 2014 |url-status=live }} He discovered that despite being produced by a dispersed mass of fat cells, leptin is secreted in a highly organised manner with distinct pulsatility and circadian rhythm and that it appears to regulate the minute-to-minute rhythms of several endocrine axes, such as the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, the hypothalamic–pituitary–thyroid axis, and the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis.{{cite journal |last=Licinio |first=J. |author2=Mantzoros, C. |author3=Negrão, A. B. |author4=Cizza, G. |author5=Wong, M.-L. |author6=Bongiorno, P. B. |author7=Chrousos, G. P. |author8=Karp, B. |author9=Allen, C. |author10=Flier, J. S. |author11=Gold, P. W. |title=Human leptin levels are pulsatile and inversely related to pituitary-adrenal function |journal=Nature Medicine |date=May 1997 |volume=3 |issue=5 |pages=575–579 |pmid=9142131 |doi=10.1038/nm0597-575|s2cid=6065035 }}{{cite journal |last=Licinio |first=J. |author2=Negrão, A. B. |author3=Mantzoros, C. |author4=Kaklamani, V. |author5=Wong, M.-L. |author6=Bongiorno, P. B. |author7=Mulla, A. |author8=Cearnal, L. |author9=Veldhuis, J. D. |author10=Flier, J. S. |author11=McCann, S. M. |author12=Gold, P. W. |title=Synchronicity of frequently sampled, 24-h concentrations of circulating leptin, luteinizing hormone, and estradiol in healthy women |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |date=3 March 1998 |volume=95 |issue=5 |pages=2541–2546 |pmid=9482922 |doi=10.1073/pnas.95.5.2541 |pmc=19406|bibcode=1998PNAS...95.2541L |doi-access=free }}{{cite journal |last=Mantzoros |first=C. S. |author2=Ozata, M. |author3=Negrao, A. B. |author4=Suchard, M. A. |author5=Ziotopoulou, M. |author6=Caglayan, S. |author7=Elashoff, R. M. |author8=Cogswell, R. J. |author9=Negro, P. |author10=Liberty, V. |author11=Wong, M.-L. |author12=Veldhuis, J. |author13=Ozdemir, I. C. |author14=Gold, P. W. |author15=Flier, J. S. |author16=Licinio, J. |title=Synchronicity of frequently sampled thyrotropin (TSH) and leptin concentrations in healthy adults and leptin-deficient subjects: evidence for possible partial TSH regulation by leptin in humans |journal=Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism |date=July 2001 |volume=86 |issue=7 |pages=3284–3291 |pmid=11443202 |doi=10.1210/jcem.86.7.7644|doi-access=free }} Licinio and his colleagues were the first to suggest that leptin may have antidepressant effects,{{cite web |url=http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO2&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsearch-bool.html&r=14&f=G&l=50&co1=AND&d=PTXT&s1=5,866,547&OS=5,866,547&RS=5,866,547 |title=Methods of neuroendocrine regulation of affective disorders |work=United States Patent and Trademark Office |date=20 January 1998 |access-date=12 October 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180729012834/http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO2&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsearch-bool.html&r=14&f=G&l=50&co1=AND&d=PTXT&s1=5,866,547&OS=5,866,547&RS=5,866,547 |archive-date=29 July 2018 |url-status=live }} a concept that was subsequently extended by other groups.{{cite journal |last=Lu |first=X.-Y. |author2=Kim, C. S. |author3=Frazer, A. |author4= Zhang, W. |title=Leptin: a potential novel antidepressant |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |date=31 January 2006 |volume=103 |issue=5 |pages=1593–1598 |pmid=16423896 |doi=10.1073/pnas.0508901103 |pmc=1360555|bibcode=2006PNAS..103.1593L |doi-access=free }}{{cite journal |last=Hirano |first=S. |author2=Miyata, S. |author3=Kamei, J. |title=Antidepressant-like effect of leptin in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice |journal=Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior |date=January 2007 |volume=86 |issue=1 |pages=27–31 |pmid=17258301 |doi=10.1016/j.pbb.2006.12.003|s2cid=41483918 }} He also contributed to pioneer the concept that leptin has pro-cognitive effects in humans.{{cite journal |last=Paz-Filho |first=G. J. |author2=Babikian, T. |author3=Asarnow, R. |author4=Delibasi, T. |author5=Esposito, K. |author6=Erol, H. K. |author7=Wong, M.-L. |author8= Licinio, J. |title=Leptin replacement improves cognitive development |journal=PLOS ONE|date=29 August 2008 |volume=3 |issue=8 |page=e3098 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0003098 |pmid=18769731 |pmc=2518120|bibcode=2008PLoSO...3.3098P |doi-access=free }}

With his group, Licinio conducted work on the precision medicine and pharmacogenomics of depression that started in 2000 as part of the National Institute of General Medical Sciences NIH Pharmacogenomics Research Network (PGRN).{{cite web |url=http://www.nigms.nih.gov/Research/SpecificAreas/PGRN/Pages/default.aspx |title=NIH Pharmacogenomics Research Network (PGRN) |work=NIH |date=13 October 2014 |access-date=13 October 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141019113859/http://www.nigms.nih.gov/Research/SpecificAreas/PGRN/pages/default.aspx |archive-date=19 October 2014 |url-status=live }} In that project, he and his team studied a Mexican-American population with major depressive disorder in the city of Los Angeles, in the context of an extensive process of community engagement,{{cite journal |last=International HapMap Consortium |title=Integrating ethics and science in the International HapMap Project |journal=Nature Reviews Genetics |date=June 2004 |volume=5 |issue=6 |pages=467–475 |pmid=15153999 |doi=10.1038/nrg1351 |pmc=2271136}} which received Certificates of Commendation both from the California State Legislature and the United States Congress. He contributed the Mexican American samples to the International HapMap Project.{{cite journal |last=International HapMap 3 Consortium |author2=Altshuler, D. M. |author3=Gibbs, R. A. |author4=Peltonen, L. |author5=Altshuler, D. M. |author6=Gibbs, R. A. |author7=Peltonen, L. |author8=Dermitzakis, E. |author9=Schaffner, S. F. |author10=Yu, F. |author11=Peltonen, L. |author12=Dermitzakis, E. |author13=Bonnen, P. E. |author14=Altshuler, D. M. |author15=Gibbs, R. A. |author16=de Bakker, P. I. |author17=Deloukas, P. |author18=Gabriel, S. B. |author19=Gwilliam, R. |author20=Hunt, S. |author21=Inouye, M. |author22=Jia, X. |author23=Palotie, A. |author24=Parkin, M. |author25=Whittaker, P. |author26=Yu, F. |author27=Chang, K. |author28=Hawes, A. |author29=Lewis, L. R. |author30=Ren, Y. |author31=Wheeler, D. |author32=Gibbs, R. A. |author33=Muzny, D. M. |author34=Barnes, C. |author35=Darvishi, K. |author36=Hurles, M. |author37=Korn, J. M. |author38=Kristiansson, K. |author39=Lee, C. |author40=McCarrol, S. A. |author41=Nemesh, J. |author42=Dermitzakis, E. |author43=Keinan, A. |author44=Montgomery, S. B. |author45=Pollack, S. |author46=Price, A. L. |author47=Soranzo, N. |author48=Bonnen, P. E. |author49=Gibbs, R. A. |author50=Gonzaga-Jauregui, C. |author51=Keinan, A. |author52=Price, A. L. |author53=Yu, F. |author54=Anttila, V. |author55=Brodeur, W. |author56=Daly, M. J. |author57=Leslie, S. |author58=McVean, G. |author59=Moutsianas, L. |author60=Nguyen, H. |author61=Schaffner, S. F. |author62=Zhang, Q. |author63=Ghori, M. J. |author64=McGinnis, R. |author65=McLaren, W. |author66=Pollack, S. |author67=Price, A. L. |author68=Schaffner, S. F. |author69=Takeuchi, F. |author70=Grossman, S. R. |author71=Shlyakhter, I. |author72=Hostetter, E. B. |author73=Sabeti, P. C. |author74=Adebamowo, C. A. |author75=Foster, M. W. |author76=Gordon, D. R. |author77=Licinio, J |author78=Manca, M. C |author79=Marshall, P. A. |author80=Matsuda, I. |author81=Ngare, D. |author82=Wang, V. O. |author83=Reddy, D. |author84=Rotimi, C. N. |author85=Royal, C. D. |author86=Sharp, R. R. |author87=Zeng, C. |author88=Brooks, L. D. |author89=McEwen, J. E. |title=Integrating common and rare genetic variation in diverse human populations |journal=Nature |date=2 September 2010 |volume=467 |issue=7311 |pages=52–58 |doi=10.1038/nature09298 |pmid=20811451 |pmc=3173859|bibcode=2010Natur.467...52T }} His pharmacogenetics research has resulted in several publications on predictors of antidepressant treatment response in this population.{{cite journal |last=Licinio |first=J. |author2=O'Kirwan, F. |author3=Irizarry, K. |author4=Merriman, B. |author5=Thakur, S. |author6=Jepson, R. |author7=Lake, S. |author8=Tantisira, K. G. |author9=Weiss, S. T. |author10= Wong, M.-L. |title=Association of a corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor 1 haplotype and antidepressant treatment response in Mexican-Americans |journal=Molecular Psychiatry |date=December 2004 |volume=9 |issue=12 |pages=1075–1082 |pmid=15365580 |doi=10.1038/sj.mp.4001587|doi-access=free }}{{cite journal |last=Ribeiro |first=L. |author2=Busnello, J. V. |author3=Cantor, R. M. |author4=Whelan, F. |author5=Whittaker, P. |author6=Deloukas, P. |author7=Wong, M.-L. |author8= Licinio, J. |title=The brain-derived neurotrophic factor rs6265 (Val66Met) polymorphism and depression in Mexican-Americans |journal=NeuroReport |date=6 August 2007 |volume=18 |issue=12 |pages=1291–1293 |pmid=17632285 |doi=10.1097/wnr.0b013e328273bcb0 |pmc=2686836}}{{cite journal |last=Wu |first=G. S. |author2=Luo, H. R. |author3=Dong, C. |author4=Mastronardi, C. |author5=Licinio, J. |author6= Wong, M.-L. |title=Sequence polymorphisms of MC1R gene and their association with depression and antidepressant response |journal=Psychiatric Genetics |date=May 2009 |volume= 21|issue=5 |pages=14–18 |doi=10.1097/YPG.0b013e32834133d2 |pmid=21052032|pmc=9531708 |s2cid=32610262 |hdl=1885/65486 |hdl-access=free }}{{cite journal |last=Licinio |first=J. |author2=Dong, C. |author3=Wong, M.-L. |title=Novel sequence variations in the brain-derived neurotrophic factor gene and association with major depression and antidepressant treatment response |journal=Archives of General Psychiatry |date=February 2011 |volume= 66|issue=1 |pages=488–497 |doi=10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2009.38 |pmid=19414708 |pmc=4272010}}{{cite journal |last=Wong |first=M.-L. |author2=Dong, C. |author3=Flores, D. L. |author4=Ehrhart-Bornstein, M. |author5=Bornstein, S. |author6=Arcos-Burgos, M. |author7= Licinio, J. |title=Clinical Outcomes and Genome-Wide Association for a Brain Methylation Site in an Antidepressant Pharmacogenetics Study in Mexican Americans |journal=American Journal of Psychiatry |date=15 September 2014 |pmid=25220861 |pmc=5746054 |doi=10.1176/appi.ajp.2014.12091165 |volume=171 |issue=12 |pages=1297–309}}

Wong and Licinio contributed some of the earliest work on the role of cytokines and immune mediators in the brain, with implications for the underlying biology of major depressive disorder,{{cite journal |last=Licinio |first=J. |author2=Wong, M.-L. |title=The role of inflammatory mediators in the biology of major depression: central nervous system cytokines modulate the biological substrate of depressive symptoms, regulate stress-responsive systems, and contribute to neurotoxicity and neuroprotection |journal=Molecular Psychiatry |date=July 1999 |volume=4 |issue=4 |pages=317–327 |pmid=10483047 |doi=10.1038/sj.mp.4000586|doi-access= |s2cid=493425 }} and published scientific articles on the localisation of gene expression for interleukin 1 receptor antagonist,{{cite journal |last=Licinio |first=J. |author2=Wong, M.-L. |author3=Gold, P. W. |title=Localization of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist mRNA in rat brain |journal=Endocrinology |date=July 1991 |volume=129 |issue=1 |pages=562–564 |pmid=1829036 |doi=10.1210/endo-129-1-562}} interleukin 1 receptor, type I (IL1R1), also known as CD121a (Cluster of Differentiation 121a),{{cite journal |last=Licinio |first=J. |author2=Wong, M.-L. |title=Localization of interleukin 1 type I receptor mRNA in rat brain |journal=Neuroimmunomodulation |date=March 1994 |volume=1 |issue=2 |pages=110–115 |pmid=7489320|doi=10.1159/000097143 }} and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS){{cite journal |last=Wong |first=M.-L. |author2=Rettori, V. |author3=al-Shekhlee, A. |author4=Bongiorno, P. B. |author5=Canteros, G. |author6=McCann, S. M. |author7=Gold, P. W. |author8= Licinio, J. |title=Inducible nitric oxide synthase gene expression in the brain during systemic inflammation |journal=Nature Medicine |date=May 1996 |volume=2 |issue=5 |pages=581–584 |pmid=8616720 |doi=10.1038/nm0596-581|s2cid=9942284 |url=https://zenodo.org/record/1233441 }} in mammalian brain. They also showed that interleukin 1 receptor antagonist is an endogenous neuroprotective agent.{{cite journal |last=Loddick |first=S. A. |author2=Wong, M.-L. |author3=Bongiorno, P. B. |author4=Gold, P. W. |author5=Licinio, J. |author6= Rothwell, N. J. |title=Endogenous interleukin-1 receptor antagonist is neuroprotective |journal=Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications |date=8 May 1997 |volume=234 |issue=1 |pages=211–215 |pmid=9168991 |doi=10.1006/bbrc.1997.6436}} They have shown that the central and peripheral cytokine compartments are integrated but differentially regulated.{{cite journal |last=Wong |first=M.-L. |author2=Bongiorno, P. B. |author3=Rettori, V. |author4=McCann, S. M. |author5=Licinio, J. |author6= Wong, M.-L. |title=Interleukin (IL) 1beta, IL-1 receptor antagonist, IL-10, and IL-13 gene expression in the central nervous system and anterior pituitary during systemic inflammation: pathophysiological implications |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |date=7 January 1997 |volume=94 |issue=1 |pages=227–232 |pmid=8990190 |doi=10.1073/pnas.94.1.227 |pmc=19294|bibcode=1997PNAS...94..227W |doi-access=free }} In collaboration with colleagues at Columbia University Licinio and his team showed that inflammation-mediated up-regulation of secretory sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase in vivo represents a possible link between inflammatory cytokines and atherogenesis.{{cite journal |last=Wong |first=M.-L. |author2=Xie, B. |author3=Beatini, N. |author4=Phu, P. |author5=Marathe, S. |author6=Johns, A. |author7=Gold, P. W. |author8=Hirsch, E. |author9=Williams, K. J. |author10=Licinio, J. |author11=Tabas, I. |title=Acute systemic inflammation up-regulates secretory sphingomyelinase in vivo: a possible link between inflammatory cytokines and atherogenesis |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |date=18 July 2000 |volume=97 |issue=15 |pages=8681–8686 |pmid=10890909 |doi=10.1073/pnas.150098097 |pmc=27008|bibcode=2000PNAS...97.8681W |doi-access=free }} Licinio's line of research examining the effects of peripheral inflammation in brain, behaviour and metabolism is ongoing in their lab.{{cite journal |last=Mastronardi |first=C. |author2=Whelan, F. |author3=Yildiz, O. A. |author4=Hannestad, J. |author5=Elashoff, D. |author6=McCann, S. M. |author7=Licinio, J. |author8= Wong, M.-L. |title=Caspase 1 deficiency reduces inflammation-induced brain transcription |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |date=24 April 2007 |volume=104 |issue=17 |pages=7205–7210 |pmid=17409187 |doi=10.1073/pnas.0701366104 |pmc=1847598|bibcode=2007PNAS..104.7205M |doi-access=free }}

In a more recent and ongoing line of research, Licinio and collaborators are examining the effects of the human microbiota and the microbiome–gut–brain (MGB) axis in obesity with diabetes and on behaviors relevant to depression and schizophrenia, an emerging area which opens potentially novel avenues for the treatment of psychiatric disorders.{{cite journal |last=Graessler |first=J. |author2=Qin, Y. |author3=Zhong, H. |author4=Zhang, J. |author5=Licinio, J. |author6=Wong, M.-L. |author7=Xu, A. |author8=Chavakis, T. |author9=Bornstein, A. B. |author10=Ehrhart-Bornstein, M. |author11=Lamounier-Zepter, V. |author12=Lohmann, T. |author13=Wolf, T. |author14=Bornstein, S. R. |title=Metagenomic sequencing of the human gut microbiome before and after bariatric surgery in obese patients with type 2 diabetes: correlation with inflammatory and metabolic parameters |journal=The Pharmacogenomics Journal |date=December 2013 |volume=13 |issue=6 |pages=514–522 |doi=10.1038/tpj.2012.43 |pmid=23032991|doi-access= |s2cid=25565243 }}{{cite journal |last=Zheng |first=P. |author2=Zeng, B. |author3=Zhou, C. |author4=Liu, M. |author5=Fang, Z. |author6=Xu, X. |author7=Zeng, L. |author8=Chen, J. |author9=Fan, S. |author10=Du, X. |author11=Zhang, X. |author12=Yang, D. |author13=Yang, Y. |author14=Meng, H. |author15=Li, W. |author16=Melgiri, ND. |author17=Licinio, J. |author18=Wei, H. |author19=Xie, P. |title=Gut microbiome remodeling induces depressive-like behaviors through a pathway mediated by the host's metabolism |journal=Molecular Psychiatry |date=June 2016 |volume=21 |issue=6 |pages=786–796 |pmid=27067014 |doi=10.1038/mp.2016.44|s2cid=9636895 |doi-access=free }}{{cite journal |last=Wong |first=M.-L. |author2=Inserra, A. |author3=Lewis, M. D. |author4=Mastronardi, C. A. |author5=Leong, L. |author6=Choo, J. |author7=Kentish, S. |author8=Xie, P. |author9=Morrison, M. |author10=Wesselingh, S. L. |author11=Rogers, G. B. |author12=Licinio, J. |title=Inflammasome signaling affects anxiety- and depressive-like behavior and gut microbiome composition |journal=Molecular Psychiatry |date=June 2016 |volume=21 |issue=6 |pages=797–805 |pmid=27090302 |doi=10.1038/mp.2016.46|pmc=4879188 }}{{cite journal |last=Zheng |first=P. |author2=Zeng, B. |author3=Liu, M. |author4=Chen, J. |author5=Pan, J. |author6=Han, Y. |author7=Liu, Y. |author8=Cheng, K. |author9=Zhou, C. |author10=Wang, H. |author11=Zhou, X. |author12=Gui, S. |author13=Perry, S. W. |author14=Wong, M.-L. |author15=Licinio, J. |author16=Wei, H. |author17=Xie, P. |title=The gut microbiome from patients with schizophrenia modulates the glutamate-glutamine-GABA cycle and schizophrenia-relevant behaviors in mice |journal=Science Advances |date=6 February 2019 |volume=5 |issue=2 |pages=eaau8317 |pmid=30775438 |doi=10.1126/sciadv.aau8317|pmc=6365110 |bibcode=2019SciA....5.8317Z }}{{cite journal |last=Rogers |first=G. B. |author2=Keating, D. J. |author3=Young, R. L. |author4=Wong, M.-L. |author5=Licinio, J. |author6=Wesselingh S. |title=From gut dysbiosis to altered brain function and mental illness: mechanisms and pathways |journal=Molecular Psychiatry |date=June 2016 |volume=21 |issue=6 |pages=738–748 |pmid=27090305 |doi=10.1038/mp.2016.50|pmc=4879184 }}{{cite journal |last=Inserra |first=A. |author2=Rogers, G. B. |author3=Licinio, J. |author4=Wong, M.-L. |title=The microbiota-inflammasome hypothesis of major depression |journal=BioEssays |date=September 2018 |volume=40 |issue=9 |pages=e1800027 |pmid=30004130 |doi=10.1002/bies.201800027|doi-access=free }}{{cite journal |last=Inserra |first=A. |author2=Choo, J. M. |author3=Lewis, M. D. |author4=Rogers, G. B. |author5=Wong, M.-L. |author6=Licinio, J. |title=Mice lacking Casp1, Ifngr and Nos2 genes exhibit altered depressive- and anxiety-like behaviour, and gut microbiome composition |journal=Scientific Reports |date=23 April 2019 |volume=9 |issue=1 |pages=6456 |pmid=31015500 |pmc=6478737 |doi=10.1038/s41598-018-38055-8|bibcode=2019NatSR...9.6456I }}

Licinio and Wong have recently{{when|date=December 2022}} published a paper on the effects of climate change on mental health,{{cite journal |last=Licinio |first=J. |author2=Womg, M.-L. |title=Climate change and mental health: a commentary |journal=Discover Mental Health |date=23 September 2021 |volume=1 |issue=1 |page=1 |doi=10.1007/s44192-021-00001-y|doi-access=free |pmid=37861755 |pmc=10498147 }} which Springer Nature highlighted as the leading article for their Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 13: Climate Action.{{cite web |url=https://www.springernature.com/gp/researchers/sdg-programme/sdg13 |title=Springer Nature SDG Programme SDG 13: Climate Action |date=19 October 2021 }}

Licinio wrote four book reviews for Science, including a commentary on the current diagnostic system in psychiatry, the American Psychiatry Association (APA)'s "Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders", Fifth Edition (DSM-5) and the controversial exhibit on Sigmund Freud at the US Library of Congress.{{cite journal |title=Diagnosing Madness |journal=Science |volume=340 |issue=6139 |pages=1406–1407 |date=21 June 2013 |author=Licinio, Julio|doi=10.1126/science.1236286 |bibcode=2013Sci...340.1406L |s2cid=220077940 }}{{cite journal |title=An Internet Tea Party |journal=Science |volume=291 |issue=5508 |pages=1493–1495 |date=23 February 2001 |author=Licinio, Julio|doi=10.1126/science.291.5508.1493 |s2cid=161681908 }}{{cite journal |title=What Makes One Tic? |journal=Science |volume=286 |issue=5437 |pages=56–57 |date=1 October 1999 |author=Licinio, Julio|doi=10.1126/science.286.5437.56 |s2cid=142559400 }}{{cite journal |title=Expressing Freudian Influences |journal=Science |volume=282 |issue=5397 |pages=2197–2198 |date=18 December 1998 |author=Licinio, Julio|doi=10.1126/science.282.5397.2197 |s2cid=194011406 }} Licinio writes a blog on science-related matters for the general public.{{cite web |url=http://juliolicinio.blogspot.com.au |title=Julio Licinio's Blog: Discovery to change your life |date=15 October 2014 |access-date=15 October 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141022024902/http://juliolicinio.blogspot.com.au/ |archive-date=22 October 2014 |url-status=live }} In 2018-2019 Licinio was a member of the New York State Governor's Suicide Prevention Task Force, representing the State University of New York.{{cite web |url=https://omh.ny.gov/omhweb/resources/publications/suicide-prevention-task-force-report.pdf |title=The New York State Suicide Prevention Task Force Report |date=April 2019 |access-date=24 July 2020 }}

Licinio's wife, Ma-Li Wong, is also an expert on depression, pharmacogenomics and psychoneuroimmunology; they have worked together for over 25 years, and have co-authored over 200 papers,{{cite web |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=licinio+wong |title=PubMed authors Licinio J and Wong ML |work=PubMed |date=12 October 2014 |access-date=12 October 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141016154854/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=licinio+wong |archive-date=16 October 2014 |url-status=live }}{{cite journal |last=Licinio |first=J. |author2=Wong, M.-L. |title=Opinion: Depression, antidepressants and suicidality: a critical appraisal |journal=Nature Reviews Drug Discovery |date=February 2005 |volume=4 |issue=2 |pages=165–171 |doi=10.1038/nrd1634|pmid=15688079 |s2cid=35880869 }} and co-edited two multi-authored books on pharmacogenomics{{cite book |

title=Pharmacogenomics: The Search for Individualized Therapies |publisher=Wiley Online Library |date=12 October 2014 |

doi=10.1002/3527600752 |isbn = 978-3527303809|s2cid=215530144 |editor1-last=Licinio |editor1-first=Julio |editor2-last=Wong |editor2-first=Ma-Li }} and the biology of depression.{{cite book |

title=Biology of Depression: From Novel Insights to Therapeutic Strategies |publisher=Wiley Online Library |date=12 October 2014 |

doi=10.1002/9783527619672 |isbn = 9783527619672|editor1-last=Licinio |editor1-first=Julio |editor2-last=Wong |editor2-first=Ma-Li }}

{{reflist}}

• {{Official website |http://www.flinders.edu.au/people/julio.licinio}}
• {{Google Scholar id | tupRGcsAAAAJ&hl}}
• {{ResearchGate | Julio_Licinio }}
• {{ORCID | 0000-0001-6905-5884}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Licinio, Julio}}

Category:American psychiatrists

Category:Australian psychiatrists

Category:Academic staff of Flinders University

Category:Brazilian psychiatrists

Category:Living people

Category:David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA faculty

Category:Australian people of Brazilian descent

Category:Federal University of Bahia alumni

Category:Academic journal editors

Category:Fellows of the Australian Academy of Health and Medical Sciences

Category:1958 births

Category:Samuel Curtis Johnson Graduate School of Management alumni

Category:Weill Cornell Medical College alumni