Jumping the shark#Growing the beard

Future radio personality Jon Hein and his University of Michigan roommate Sean Connolly coined the phrase in 1985 in response to season 5, episode 3, "Hollywood: Part 3" of the ABC-TV sitcom Happy Days, which was originally broadcast on September 20, 1977.{{cite news |title=He's a maniac | first=Alan | last=Glenn |newspaper= Michigan Today |date= February 19, 2016|url= https://michigantoday.umich.edu/2016/02/19/hes-a-maniac/ |access-date=May 3, 2022}} In the episode, the central characters visit Los Angeles, where a water-skiing Fonzie (Henry Winkler) answers a challenge to his bravery by wearing swim trunks and his trademark leather jacket, and jumping over a confined shark. The stunt was created as a way to showcase Winkler's real-life waterskiing skills.

In 1997, Hein created a website, JumpTheShark.com, to publish a list of approximately 200 television shows, and his arguments as to the moments each "jumped the shark". The site became popular, and grew with additional user-contributed examples.{{cite news |title=First Person: In defense of 'Happy Days' 'Jump the Shark' episode | first=Fred Jr. | last=Fox |url=http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/news/la-et-jump-the-shark-20100903,0,6800871.story |newspaper=Los Angeles Times |date=September 3, 2010 |access-date=September 4, 2010 |archive-date=September 15, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100915113351/http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/news/la-et-jump-the-shark-20100903,0,6800871.story |url-status=live }} Hein sold his company, Jump The Shark, Inc., for "over $1 million" in 2006.{{cite web|url=http://www.marksfriggin.com/news06/6-19.htm#wed|title=MarksFriggin.com—Stern Show News—Archive|website=www.marksfriggin.com}}

In 2006, during his contribution to The Interviews: An Oral History of Television, Ron Howard (Richie Cunningham) talked about the Happy Days episode that inspired the phrase:

"I remember Donny Most and I sitting there, looking at the script. Donny was really upset. He said, 'Oh man look at what our show has kind of devolved into. It's not even very funny, and you know Fonz is jumping over a shark'{{nbsp}}... and I kept saying 'Hey Donny we're a hit show, relax. You know it's hard to have great episodes one after another. Fonzie jumping over a shark, it's gonna be funny and great{{nbsp}}...' I remember thinking that creatively this was not our greatest episode, but I thought it was a pretty good stunt, and I understood why they wanted to do it. And what I remember the most is, it was fun actually driving the speedboat which I did a bit of, noticing that Henry was really a pretty good water skier{{nbsp}}... But the thing that has to be remembered about the jumping the shark idea, is that the show went on to be such a massive success for years after that. So, it's kind of a fun expression, and I get a kick out of the fact that they identified that episode (because granted maybe it was pushing things a little too far), but I think a lot of good work was still done after that show, and audiences seemed to really respond to it."{{cite news|last1=Rutkowski|first1=Gary|title=Television Academy Foundation-The Interviews: Ron Howard (Chapter 4: On Jump the Shark, 2:57)|url=https://interviews.televisionacademy.com/interviews/ron-howard?clip=54722#interview-clips|access-date=September 24, 2021|work=Archive of American Television|publisher=The Interviews: An Oral History of Television|date=October 18, 2006|archive-date=September 24, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210924233913/https://interviews.televisionacademy.com/interviews/ron-howard?clip=54722#interview-clips|url-status=live}}

In a 2010 Los Angeles Times article, former Happy Days writer Fred Fox Jr., who wrote the episode that later spawned the phrase, said "Was the [shark jump] episode of Happy Days deserving of its fate? No, it wasn't. All successful shows eventually start to decline, but this was not Happy Days{{'}} time." Fox also points not only to the success of that episode ("a huge hit" with over 30 million viewers), but also to the continued popularity of the series.

In a 2019 interview with NPR, Henry Winkler (Fonzie) told Terry Gross that the origin of the stunt began with the fact that he had been a water-skiing instructor as a teenager at a summer camp. Thus, his father used to say to him "every day for years—tell Garry Marshall that you water ski. Dad, I don't think I'm going to do that. No, no. Tell him you water ski. It's very important. I finally tell Garry, my father wants you to know I water ski." Winkler did all of the water skiing for the scene himself, except for the actual jump. The jump was performed by professional water skier Ricky McCormick. Gross then asked Winkler what it was "about that scene or that episode that came to signify when something's time is up—when it's over?" Winkler responded: "You know what? I don't know. To them, the Fonz water skiing was just like the last straw. The only thing is it wasn't to the audience because we were No. 1 for years after that. So it didn't much matter to anybody."{{cite web| url=https://www.npr.org/transcripts/712178030| title='I Never Had A Plan B': Henry Winkler On His Career, From The Fonz To 'Barry'| access-date=September 16, 2021| last=Gross| first=Terry| date=April 11, 2019| work=NPR| archive-date=September 16, 2021| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210916134140/https://www.npr.org/transcripts/712178030| url-status=live}} In addition, Winkler told TheWrap in 2018 that he is "not embarrassed" by the phrase. He stated that "newspapers would mention jumping the shark{{nbsp}}... and they would show a picture of me in my leather jacket and swim shorts water-skiing. And at that time I had great legs. So I thought, 'I don't care.' And we were No. 1 for the next four or five years."{{cite web| url=https://www.thewrap.com/henry-winkler-barry-fonzie-shark-jump-very-proud/| title='Barry' Star Henry Winkler on Why He's 'Very Proud' He Jumped That Shark – Twice (Video)| access-date=August 30, 2021| last=Pond| first=Steve| date=August 21, 2018| publisher=TheWrap| archive-date=September 30, 2021| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210930141545/https://www.thewrap.com/henry-winkler-barry-fonzie-shark-jump-very-proud/| url-status=live}} As Winkler's character Barry Zuckerkorn, in the sitcom Arrested Development, hopped over a shark in episode 13 of the second season, Winkler also noted that there "was a book, there was a board game and it is an expression that is still used today{{nbsp}}... [and] I'm very proud that I am the only actor, maybe in the world, that has jumped the shark twice—once on Happy Days, and once on Arrested Development."

Some writers have argued that while Happy Days did eventually (figuratively) "jump the shark", it was not during that episode.{{cite web| url=https://www.popmatters.com/happy-days-jumping-the-shark| title=Jumping the Shark and Surviving: A Reappraisal of the Fifth Season of 'Happy Days'| access-date=August 30, 2021| last=Budnik| first=Daniel| date=November 18, 2014| work=PopMatters| archive-date=August 31, 2021| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210831061740/https://www.popmatters.com/happy-days-jumping-the-shark| url-status=live}}[https://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2020/jun/01/happy-days-mork-from-ork When did Happy Days jump the shark? The answer may surprise you ...], Rich Pelley, The Guardian, 1 June 2020

The idiom has been used to describe a wide variety of situations, such as the state of advertising in the digital video recorder era,{{cite book |first=Max |last=Lenderman |title=Experience the Message |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YO2Y2k7LM8MC&q=shark+tivo&pg=PA272 |year=2009 |publisher=Basic Books |page=275 |isbn=9780786734856 |access-date=October 18, 2020 |archive-date=September 29, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210929081353/https://books.google.com/books?id=YO2Y2k7LM8MC&q=shark+tivo&pg=PA272 |url-status=live }} and views on rural education policy,{{cite journal |last=Arnold |first=Michael L. |year=2005 |title=Jump the Shark: A Rejoinder to Howley, Theobald, and Howley |journal=Journal of Research in Rural Education |volume=20 |issue=20 |publisher=Center on Rural Education and Communities |url=http://jrre.vmhost.psu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/20-20.pdf |access-date=July 26, 2016 |archive-date=April 11, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180411123719/http://jrre.vmhost.psu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/20-20.pdf |url-status=live }} the anomalous pursuit of a company acquisition,{{cite book |last=Sipley |first=Richard |title=Market Indicators: The Best-Kept Secret to More Effective Trading and Investing |year=2010 |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |page=142 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=t7ovP-gCdkIC&q=%22jumping+the+shark%22&pg=PA142 |isbn=9780470883433 |access-date=October 18, 2020 |archive-date=September 29, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210929081353/https://books.google.com/books?id=t7ovP-gCdkIC&q=%22jumping+the+shark%22&pg=PA142 |url-status=live }} and the decline of republics into degraded democracy and empire.{{cite web |title= 'Live at Wiseacres: America Has Jumped the Shark' videotaped performance By Doug Stanhope |website = YouTube|url= https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ar63hdA6gyQ |agency= YouTube.com |date= July 31, 2008 |orig-year= uploaded |access-date= November 29, 2016 |archive-date= July 2, 2016 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160702172830/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ar63hdA6gyQ |url-status= live }}

In September 2011, Republican presidential candidate Michele Bachmann repeated an anecdote claiming that the HPV vaccine causes "intellectual disability"; this prompted political commentator Rush Limbaugh to say on his radio show, "Michele Bachmann, she might have blown it today. Well, not blown it—she might have jumped the shark today."{{cite news | first = Richard | last = Adams | title = Michele Bachmann, the HPV vaccine and the Republican landscape | newspaper = The Guardian | url = https://www.theguardian.com/world/richard-adams-blog/2011/sep/14/michele-bachmann-republicans-hpv-vaccine | date = September 14, 2011| access-date = December 17, 2016| archive-date = March 13, 2016| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160313103441/http://www.theguardian.com/world/richard-adams-blog/2011/sep/14/michele-bachmann-republicans-hpv-vaccine | url-status = live }}

In January 2018, political commentator Keith Olbermann criticized the inclusion of esports players on the sports journalism website The Players' Tribune, saying that they "have jumped the shark by publishing pieces by snotty random kids playing children's games" in response to an article by Doublelift, a League of Legends player.{{cite tweet |last=Olbermann|first=Keith|user=KeithOlbermann|number=950786529122836480|date=January 9, 2018|title=Three years in. That's awfully early to have jumped the shark by publishing pieces by snotty random kids playing children's games, @PlayersTribune|access-date=January 11, 2018}}

In May 2021, CNBC news anchor Carl Quintanilla proposed that Elon Musk had jumped the shark with his advocacy of cryptocurrencies instead of focusing on Tesla, Inc., as it began to lose market share and its stock price began to plunge.{{cite tweet |author=Carl Quintanilla | user=carlquintanilla|number=1393145552238522375|date=May 14, 2021|title="Musk might be in danger of turning himself into an unserious figure, which isn't a great narrative for the CEO of one of the world's largest companies." He is on "the wrong end of a nasty correction, and vulnerable to a new narrative that he has 'jumped the shark.{{' "}} @johnauthers}}

In 2008, Time identified a term modeled after "jump the shark": "nuke the fridge". Specifically applicable to film, the magazine defined the term: "to exhaust a Hollywood franchise with disappointing sequels."{{Cite magazine | url = https://content.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,1855948_1864100_1864105,00.html | title = Top 10 Buzzwords—The Top 10 Everything of 2008 | magazine = Time | first = John | last = Cloud | date = November 6, 2013 | access-date = November 6, 2013 | archive-date = November 9, 2013 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131109151425/http://content.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,1855948_1864100_1864105,00.html | url-status = live }}

The phrase derives from a scene in the fourth Indiana Jones film, Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull, in which Indiana Jones survives an atomic bomb detonation by fitting himself into a lead-lined refrigerator to shield himself from the explosion. The blast completely annihilates its surroundings but sends the refrigerator flying a sufficient distance away for the protagonist to escape unharmed.{{cite web | url = https://www.nytimes.com/2012/01/22/magazine/george-lucas-red-tails.html?_r=2&pagewanted=all& | title = George Lucas Is Ready to Roll the Credits | work = The New York Times | date = January 22, 2012 | access-date = November 6, 2013 | first = Bryan | last = Curtis | archive-date = June 21, 2015 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150621044418/http://www.nytimes.com/2012/01/22/magazine/george-lucas-red-tails.html?_r=2&pagewanted=all& | url-status = live }} The scene was criticized as being scientifically implausible.{{Cite magazine | url = https://newsfeed.time.com/2012/02/28/indiana-jones-nuke-the-fridge-plot-is-shockingly-scientifically-impossible/ | title = Indiana Jones' 'Nuke the Fridge' Plot Is, Shockingly, Scientifically Impossible | magazine = Time | first = Melissa | last = Locker | date = November 28, 2012 | access-date = November 6, 2013 | archive-date = November 9, 2013 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131109151335/http://newsfeed.time.com/2012/02/28/indiana-jones-nuke-the-fridge-plot-is-shockingly-scientifically-impossible/ | url-status = live }}

Within two days of the film's premiere, the phrase "nuke the fridge" had gone viral, describing film scenes that similarly stretched credulity.{{Cite news | title = "Jump the Shark", Meet "Nuke the Fridge" | work = Newsweek | date = June 28, 2008 | archive-date = September 4, 2012 | url = http://www.newsweek.com/id/143782 | access-date = November 6, 2013 | archive-url = https://archive.today/20120904050502/http://www.thedailybeast.com/newsweek/2008/06/28/jump-the-shark-meet-nuke-the-fridge.html | url-status = live }} Director Steven Spielberg later said the scene was "my silly idea" and was glad to have been part of the pop-culture phrase,{{cite web | url = http://www.empireonline.com/news/story.asp?NID=32315 | title = Spielberg: More Indy & Jurassic Park? | date = October 26, 2011 | access-date = November 6, 2013 | work = Empire | first = Helen | last = O'Hara | archive-date = May 12, 2012 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120512003550/http://www.empireonline.com/news/story.asp?NID=32315 | url-status = live }} while the film's executive producer George Lucas took similar credit believing that Jones would have had an even chance of surviving the explosion.

"Growing the beard" refers to the opposite of jumping the shark; i.e. when a show dramatically improves in quality.{{dubious|date=February 2024}}{{citation needed|date=February 2024}} In the series Star Trek: The Next Generation the second season is considered to be better in terms of storytelling over the first season. This shift coincided with character William Riker, who was clean-shaven for the first season, growing a mustache and beard that he retained for the second season and most Star Trek media afterwards.{{Cite web|date=May 12, 2021|title=Star Trek: Why Commander Riker Grew a Beard for The Next Generation Season 2|url=https://www.cbr.com/star-trek-why-commander-riker-grew-a-beard-for-the-next-generation-season-2/|access-date=November 3, 2021|website=CBR|language=en-US}}{{Cite web|last=Gartenberg|first=Chaim|date=September 14, 2017|title=How Seth MacFarlane could save his terminally bland Star Trek clone The Orville|url=https://www.theverge.com/2017/9/14/16307156/the-orville-fox-star-trek-seth-macfarlane-humor-originality|access-date=November 3, 2021|website=The Verge|language=en}}

{{Reflist}}

• {{cite magazine|last=MacGregor|first=Jeff|url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smithsonian-institution/happy-days-fonz-jumped-the-shark-180964399/|title=Why 'Happy Days'—and the Fonz—Never Truly 'Jumped the Shark'|magazine=Smithsonian|date=September 2017}}
• {{cite web|last=Murray|first=Noel|url=https://www.avclub.com/jon-hein-jump-the-shark-when-good-things-go-bad-1798197891|title=Jon Hein: Jump The Shark: When Good Things Go Bad|work=The A.V. Club|date=October 7, 2002}}

{{wiktionary|jump the shark}}

• [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X-J_Srbamu8 Henry Winkler Reflects on "Jumping the Shark" on 'Happy Days']- Sirius XM, October 19, 2020.
• [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c3lyiQwRB-s Jon Hein Tracks When TV Shows "Jump the Shark" and Picks the Best Series Ever]—The Howard Stern Show, September 11, 2019.

{{Henry Winkler}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Jumping The Shark}}

Category:Happy Days

Category:Television terminology

Category:Popular culture neologisms

Category:Metaphors referring to fish

Category:1985 neologisms

Category:English-language idioms