Jurydyka
File:POL Jurydyki Warszawy.svg
Jurydyka (plural: jurydyki, improperly: jurydykas),{{cite book |title=Jewish Space in Central and Eastern Europe: Day-to-Day History |author=Jurgita Šiaučiūnaitė-Verbickienė |author2=Larisa Lempertienė |publisher=Cambridge Scholars Publishing |year=2009 |page=20 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=raUYBwAAQBAJ&q=Jurydyka+jurydykas |isbn=978-1-4438-0622-0}} is a legal entity in the Polish legal system from bygone centuries (originating from Latin: iurisdictio, jurisdiction), denoting a privately owned tract of land within a larger municipality,{{cite book |title=Liberty's Folly: Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in the Eighteenth Century, 1697-1795 |author=Jerzy Tadeusz Lukowski |author-link=Jerzy Lukowski |publisher=Routledge |year=2013 |isbn=978-1-136-10364-3 |page=76 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=j_KzUJyR0BcC&q=JURYDYKI+Kalisz+Lublin |via=Google Books}}{{cite book |title=The Jews of Pinsk, 1506 to 1880 |author=Mordekhai Nadav |author2=Mark Mirsky |publisher=Stanford University Press |year=2008 |isbn=978-0-8047-4159-0 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ky-sAAAAIAAJ&q=Jurydyki+districts |page=75}} often right outside the royal city, or as an autonomous enclave within it. Jurydyki claimed exemption from the town's jurisdiction, and exerted municipal rights separate from the local laws, usually for their owners' financial benefit.
History
Jurydyki were popular already in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth of the 16 century,{{cite web |title=Historia Polski: Jurydyki |url=http://portalwiedzy.onet.pl/84090,,,,jurydyki,haslo.html |publisher=Encyklopedia WIEM |work=Popularna Encyklopedia Powszechna Wydawnictwa Fogra}} ruled by the ecclesiastic and secular lords and seigneurs eager to break up the legal unity of the town to accommodate favoured colonies of craftsmen not subjected to guild regulations. The Jurydyki were often perceived as a menace withholding municipal taxes and services under the jurisdiction (hence the name) of powerful and wealthy townsmen who founded and owned them. Formed as a separate unit of territorial division between 14th and 16th centuries, the jurydyka-type settlements were a way in which the Roman Catholic Church and the Polish nobility avoided the terms of the royal town charters. Most notably, the Jurydyki were exempted from the specific trade laws allowing only selected merchants and craftsmen to take part in the markets held in the cities. In many Polish cities the Jurydyki were eventually incorporated into the towns as their boroughs. This was the case of Warsaw, which in early 18th century was surrounded by no less than 14 {{ill|Jurydykas of Warsaw|lt=such entities|pl|Jurydyki Warszawy}}, some of them with as many as 5,000 inhabitants. All of them are now neighbourhoods of Warsaw.{{cite web |url=http://www.warszawa1939.pl/strona_bez.php?kod=jurydyki |title=Warszawskie Jurydyki |work=Source: Encyklopedia Warszawy, 1994 |year=2016 |publisher=Fundacja 'Warszawa1939.pl' |editor=Ryszard Mączewski |access-date=2016-12-18 |archive-date=2016-03-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304112948/http://www.warszawa1939.pl/strona_bez.php?kod=jurydyki }}
References
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{{Polish terms for country subdivisions}}
{{Slavic-language terms for administrative divisions}}