Justicia purpusii
{{Short description|Species of plant}}
{{Speciesbox
| name = Purpus' hummingbird flower
| image = Justicia purpusii 6871873.jpg
| genus = Justicia
| species = purpusii
| authority = (Brandegee) D.N.Gibson
| synonyms = * Beloperone purpusii Brandegee (1903)
| synonyms_ref = {{Cite POWO|id=133062-2|title=Justicia purpusii|access-date=1 September 2022}}
}}
Justicia purpusii is a species of flowering plant in the Acanthus family commonly known as Purpus' hummingbird flower or chuparosa. This shrub is characterized by long orange-red tubular flowers that bloom from November to April. It is endemic to the Cape region of Baja California Sur, Mexico, where it is found growing in tropical deciduous forest and thorn scrub in canyons and along wet slopes. It is similar to its more northern relative adapted to drier climates, Justicia californica.{{Cite book |last1=Rebman |first1=Jon P. |title=Baja California Plant Field Guide |last2=Roberts |first2=Norman C. |publisher=Sunbelt Publications |year=2012 |isbn=978-0-916251-18-5 |location=San Diego |pages=98}}{{Cite journal |last1=Rebman |first1=Jon P. |last2=Gibson |first2=Judy |last3=Rich |first3=Karen |date=15 November 2016 |title=Annotated Checklist of the Vascular Plants of Baja California, Mexico |url=http://sdplantatlas.org/pdffiles/BajaChecklist2016.pdf |journal=Proceedings of the San Diego Society of Natural History |publisher=San Diego Natural History Museum |volume=45 |pages=27 |via=San Diego Plant Atlas}} Phylogenetic analysis has shown that both species are closely related and form a clade.{{Cite journal |last1=Kiel |first1=Carrie A. |last2=Daniel |first2=Thomas F. |last3=McDade |first3=Lucinda A. |date=June 2018 |title=Phylogenetics of New World 'justicioids' (Justicieae: Acanthaceae): Major Lineages, Morphological Patterns, and Widespread Incongruence with Classification |url=https://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/aspt/sb/2018/00000043/00000002/art00005;jsessionid=1mrwak7dsg4vy.x-ic-live-01 |journal=Systematic Botany |volume=43 |issue=2 |pages=459–484 |doi=10.1600/036364418X697201|s2cid=90798163 |url-access=subscription }}
Description
This species is a shrub covered in tomentose and villous hairs throughout. The foliage consists of opposite ovate to elliptic leaves with mostly entire margins. The lower leaves measure {{Convert|7|-|8|cm|abbr=on|in}} long by {{Convert|4|-|5|cm|abbr=on|in}} wide, and are connected to the stem by petioles {{Cvt|2|cm|in}} long. The upper leaves gradually have shorter petioles until they become sessile cordate to broadly ovate bracts. These bracts are broader than they are long and have a clasping base.{{Cite book |last=Brandegee |first=Townshend Stith |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/14470 |title=Zoe:a biological journal |date=1903 |publisher=Zoe Publishing Co |volume=5 |location=San Diego, Calif. [etc.] |pages=172–173}}{{Cite book |last=Wiggins |first=Ira L. |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/6284257 |title=Flora of Baja California |date=1980 |publisher=Stanford University Press |isbn=0-8047-1016-3 |location=Stanford, Calif. |pages=188–189 |oclc=6284257}}
Emerging from the axils of the bracts are the flowers. The calyx is divided into five narrow segments {{Convert|12|-|18|mm|abbr=on|in}} long. The corolla is {{Cvt|3|cm|in}} long, with an erect upper lip and a 3-lobed lower lip. The seeds are ash-colored, nearly spherical, and rugose on the sides.
This species can be distinguished from its close relative Justicia californica by the flowers that emerge from larger, persistent bracts and its non-tropical distribution. J. californica meanwhile is restricted to more arid, desert climates and has small, insignificant bracts and shorter calyx lobes.
Distribution and habitat
This species is endemic to the Cape region of Baja California Sur, Mexico, the southernmost part of the Baja California peninsula. It is found in the tropical dry forests and thorn scrub of the area, and is typically seen growing in the shady canyons and their rocky beds and on wet slopes, steep walls, hillsides, and ridges from {{Convert|250|-|1000|m|abbr=on|ft}} in elevation.
References
External links
{{commons}}
- [https://swbiodiversity.org/seinet/taxa/index.php?taxon=43077&clid=3626 Justicia purpusii at SEINet]
- [https://calphotos.berkeley.edu/cgi/img_query?where-taxon=Justicia+purpusii Justicia purpusii — UC Photo gallery]
{{Taxonbar|from=Q15334695}}
Category:Flora of Baja California Sur
Category:Natural history of Baja California Sur
Category:Natural history of the Peninsular Ranges