KPNB1

Nucleocytoplasmic transport, a signal- and energy-dependent process, takes place through nuclear pore complexes embedded in the nuclear envelope. The import of proteins containing a classical nuclear localization signal (NLS) requires the NLS import receptor, a heterodimer of importin alpha and beta subunits. Each of these subunits are part of the karyopherin family of proteins. Importin alpha binds the NLS-containing cargo in the cytoplasm and importin beta docks the complex at the cytoplasmic side of the nuclear pore complex. In the presence of nucleoside triphosphates and the small GTP binding protein Ran, the complex moves into the nuclear pore complex and the importin subunits dissociate. Importin alpha enters the nucleoplasm with its passenger protein and importin beta remains at the pore. Interactions between importin beta and the FG repeats of nucleoporins are essential in translocation through the pore complex. The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the importin beta family.{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: KPNB1 karyopherin (importin) beta 1| url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=3837}}

KPNB1 has been shown to interact with:

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• KPNA3,{{cite journal | vauthors = Nachury MV, Ryder UW, Lamond AI, Weis K | title = Cloning and characterization of hSRP1 gamma, a tissue-specific nuclear transport factor | journal = Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. | volume = 95 | issue = 2 | pages = 582–7 | date = January 1998 | pmid = 9435235 | pmc = 18463 | doi = 10.1073/pnas.95.2.582| bibcode = 1998PNAS...95..582N | doi-access = free }}
• Karyopherin alpha 1,{{cite journal | vauthors = Köhler M, Speck C, Christiansen M, Bischoff FR, Prehn S, Haller H, Görlich D, Hartmann E | title = Evidence for distinct substrate specificities of importin alpha family members in nuclear protein import | journal = Mol. Cell. Biol. | volume = 19 | issue = 11 | pages = 7782–91 | date = November 1999 | pmid = 10523667 | pmc = 84838 | doi = 10.1128/mcb.19.11.7782}}{{cite journal | vauthors = Percipalle P, Clarkson WD, Kent HM, Rhodes D, Stewart M | title = Molecular interactions between the importin alpha/beta heterodimer and proteins involved in vertebrate nuclear protein import | journal = J. Mol. Biol. | volume = 266 | issue = 4 | pages = 722–32 | date = March 1997 | pmid = 9102465 | doi = 10.1006/jmbi.1996.0801 }}
• Karyopherin alpha 2,{{cite journal | vauthors = Nagoshi E, Yoneda Y | title = Dimerization of sterol regulatory element-binding protein 2 via the helix-loop-helix-leucine zipper domain is a prerequisite for its nuclear localization mediated by importin beta | journal = Mol. Cell. Biol. | volume = 21 | issue = 8 | pages = 2779–89 | date = April 2001 | pmid = 11283257 | pmc = 86908 | doi = 10.1128/MCB.21.8.2779-2789.2001 }}{{cite journal | vauthors = Ullman KS, Powers MA, Forbes DJ | title = Nuclear export receptors: from importin to exportin | journal = Cell | volume = 90 | issue = 6 | pages = 967–70 | date = September 1997 | pmid = 9323123 | doi = 10.1016/s0092-8674(00)80361-x| s2cid = 577884 | doi-access = free }}
• Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 3,{{cite journal | vauthors = Xiao Z, Liu X, Lodish HF | title = Importin beta mediates nuclear translocation of Smad 3 | journal = J. Biol. Chem. | volume = 275 | issue = 31 | pages = 23425–8 | date = August 2000 | pmid = 10846168 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.C000345200 | doi-access = free }}
• NUP153{{cite journal | vauthors = Nakielny S, Shaikh S, Burke B, Dreyfuss G | title = Nup153 is an M9-containing mobile nucleoporin with a novel Ran-binding domain | journal = EMBO J. | volume = 18 | issue = 7 | pages = 1982–95 | date = April 1999 | pmid = 10202161 | pmc = 1171283 | doi = 10.1093/emboj/18.7.1982 }}{{cite journal | vauthors = Kehlenbach RH, Gerace L | title = Phosphorylation of the nuclear transport machinery down-regulates nuclear protein import in vitro | journal = J. Biol. Chem. | volume = 275 | issue = 23 | pages = 17848–56 | date = June 2000 | pmid = 10749866 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.M001455200 | doi-access = free }}
• NUP50,{{cite journal | vauthors = Lindsay ME, Plafker K, Smith AE, Clurman BE, Macara IG | title = Npap60/Nup50 is a tri-stable switch that stimulates importin-alpha:beta-mediated nuclear protein import | journal = Cell | volume = 110 | issue = 3 | pages = 349–60 | date = August 2002 | pmid = 12176322 | doi = 10.1016/s0092-8674(02)00836-x| s2cid = 15515037 | doi-access = free }}
• NUP98,{{cite journal | vauthors = Moroianu J, Blobel G, Radu A | title = RanGTP-mediated nuclear export of karyopherin alpha involves its interaction with the nucleoporin Nup153 | journal = Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. | volume = 94 | issue = 18 | pages = 9699–704 | date = September 1997 | pmid = 9275187 | pmc = 23253 | doi = 10.1073/pnas.94.18.9699| bibcode = 1997PNAS...94.9699M | doi-access = free }}{{cite journal | vauthors = Bonifaci N, Moroianu J, Radu A, Blobel G | title = Karyopherin beta2 mediates nuclear import of a mRNA binding protein | journal = Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. | volume = 94 | issue = 10 | pages = 5055–60 | date = May 1997 | pmid = 9144189 | pmc = 24630 | doi = 10.1073/pnas.94.10.5055| bibcode = 1997PNAS...94.5055B | doi-access = free }}
• Nucleoporin 62,{{cite journal | vauthors = Ben-Efraim I, Gerace L | title = Gradient of increasing affinity of importin beta for nucleoporins along the pathway of nuclear import | journal = J. Cell Biol. | volume = 152 | issue = 2 | pages = 411–7 | date = January 2001 | pmid = 11266456 | pmc = 2199621 | doi = 10.1083/jcb.152.2.411}}
• P53,{{cite journal | vauthors = Akakura S, Yoshida M, Yoneda Y, Horinouchi S | title = A role for Hsc70 in regulating nucleocytoplasmic transport of a temperature-sensitive p53 (p53Val-135) | journal = J. Biol. Chem. | volume = 276 | issue = 18 | pages = 14649–57 | date = May 2001 | pmid = 11297531 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.M100200200 | doi-access = free }}
• Parathyroid hormone-related protein,{{cite journal | vauthors = Cingolani G, Bednenko J, Gillespie MT, Gerace L | title = Molecular basis for the recognition of a nonclassical nuclear localization signal by importin beta | journal = Mol. Cell | volume = 10 | issue = 6 | pages = 1345–53 | date = December 2002 | pmid = 12504010 | doi = 10.1016/s1097-2765(02)00727-x| doi-access = free }}{{cite journal | vauthors = Lam MH, Hu W, Xiao CY, Gillespie MT, Jans DA | title = Molecular dissection of the importin beta1-recognized nuclear targeting signal of parathyroid hormone-related protein | journal = Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. | volume = 282 | issue = 2 | pages = 629–34 | date = March 2001 | pmid = 11401507 | doi = 10.1006/bbrc.2001.4607 }}
• RANBP1,
• RANBP2,{{cite journal | vauthors = Yaseen NR, Blobel G | title = GTP hydrolysis links initiation and termination of nuclear import on the nucleoporin nup358 | journal = J. Biol. Chem. | volume = 274 | issue = 37 | pages = 26493–502 | date = September 1999 | pmid = 10473610 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.274.37.26493| doi-access = free }}{{cite journal | vauthors = Delphin C, Guan T, Melchior F, Gerace L | title = RanGTP targets p97 to RanBP2, a filamentous protein localized at the cytoplasmic periphery of the nuclear pore complex | journal = Mol. Biol. Cell | volume = 8 | issue = 12 | pages = 2379–90 | date = December 1997 | pmid = 9398662 | pmc = 25714 | doi = 10.1091/mbc.8.12.2379}}
• Ran (biology),{{cite journal | vauthors = Plafker K, Macara IG | title = Facilitated nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of the Ran binding protein RanBP1 | journal = Mol. Cell. Biol. | volume = 20 | issue = 10 | pages = 3510–21 | date = May 2000 | pmid = 10779340 | pmc = 85643 | doi = 10.1128/mcb.20.10.3510-3521.2000}}{{cite journal | vauthors = Kutay U, Izaurralde E, Bischoff FR, Mattaj IW, Görlich D | title = Dominant-negative mutants of importin-beta block multiple pathways of import and export through the nuclear pore complex | journal = EMBO J. | volume = 16 | issue = 6 | pages = 1153–63 | date = March 1997 | pmid = 9135132 | pmc = 1169714 | doi = 10.1093/emboj/16.6.1153 }} and
• SMN1.{{cite journal | vauthors = Narayanan U, Ospina JK, Frey MR, Hebert MD, Matera AG | title = SMN, the spinal muscular atrophy protein, forms a pre-import snRNP complex with snurportin1 and importin beta | journal = Hum. Mol. Genet. | volume = 11 | issue = 15 | pages = 1785–95 | date = July 2002 | pmid = 12095920 | pmc = 1630493 | doi = 10.1093/hmg/11.15.1785}}

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{{reflist|35em}}

{{refbegin |35em}}

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• {{cite journal | vauthors = Bukrinsky MI, Haggerty S, Dempsey MP, Sharova N, Adzhubel A, Spitz L, Lewis P, Goldfarb D, Emerman M, Stevenson M | title = A nuclear localization signal within HIV-1 matrix protein that governs infection of non-dividing cells | journal = Nature | volume = 365 | issue = 6447 | pages = 666–9 | year = 1993 | pmid = 8105392 | doi = 10.1038/365666a0 | pmc = 9524217 | bibcode = 1993Natur.365..666B | s2cid = 25678 }}
• {{cite journal | vauthors = Lounsbury KM, Richards SA, Perlungher RR, Macara IG | title = Ran binding domains promote the interaction of Ran with p97/beta-karyopherin, linking the docking and translocation steps of nuclear import | journal = J. Biol. Chem. | volume = 271 | issue = 5 | pages = 2357–60 | year = 1996 | pmid = 8576188 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.271.5.2357 | doi-access = free}}
• {{cite journal | vauthors = Görlich D, Henklein P, Laskey RA, Hartmann E | title = A 41 amino acid motif in importin-alpha confers binding to importin-beta and hence transit into the nucleus | journal = EMBO J. | volume = 15 | issue = 8 | pages = 1810–7 | year = 1996 | pmid = 8617226 | pmc = 450097 | doi = 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1996.tb00530.x}}
• {{cite journal | vauthors = Weis K, Ryder U, Lamond AI | title = The conserved amino-terminal domain of hSRP1 alpha is essential for nuclear protein import | journal = EMBO J. | volume = 15 | issue = 8 | pages = 1818–25 | year = 1996 | pmid = 8617227 | pmc = 450098 | doi = 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1996.tb00531.x}}
• {{cite journal | vauthors = Moroianu J, Blobel G, Radu A | title = Nuclear protein import: Ran-GTP dissociates the karyopherin alphabeta heterodimer by displacing alpha from an overlapping binding site on beta | journal = Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. | volume = 93 | issue = 14 | pages = 7059–62 | year = 1996 | pmid = 8692944 | pmc = 38935 | doi = 10.1073/pnas.93.14.7059 | bibcode = 1996PNAS...93.7059M | doi-access = free }}
• {{cite journal | vauthors = Görlich D, Panté N, Kutay U, Aebi U, Bischoff FR | title = Identification of different roles for RanGDP and RanGTP in nuclear protein import | journal = EMBO J. | volume = 15 | issue = 20 | pages = 5584–94 | year = 1996 | pmid = 8896452 | pmc = 452303 | doi = 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1996.tb00943.x}}
• {{cite journal | vauthors = Chi NC, Adam EJ, Adam SA | title = Different binding domains for Ran-GTP and Ran-GDP/RanBP1 on nuclear import factor p97 | journal = J. Biol. Chem. | volume = 272 | issue = 10 | pages = 6818–22 | year = 1997 | pmid = 9045717 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.272.10.6818 | doi-access = free }}
• {{cite journal | vauthors = Percipalle P, Clarkson WD, Kent HM, Rhodes D, Stewart M | title = Molecular interactions between the importin alpha/beta heterodimer and proteins involved in vertebrate nuclear protein import | journal = J. Mol. Biol. | volume = 266 | issue = 4 | pages = 722–32 | year = 1997 | pmid = 9102465 | doi = 10.1006/jmbi.1996.0801 }}
• {{cite journal | vauthors = Kutay U, Izaurralde E, Bischoff FR, Mattaj IW, Görlich D | title = Dominant-negative mutants of importin-beta block multiple pathways of import and export through the nuclear pore complex | journal = EMBO J. | volume = 16 | issue = 6 | pages = 1153–63 | year = 1997 | pmid = 9135132 | pmc = 1169714 | doi = 10.1093/emboj/16.6.1153 }}
• {{cite journal | vauthors = Bonifaci N, Moroianu J, Radu A, Blobel G | title = Karyopherin beta2 mediates nuclear import of a mRNA binding protein | journal = Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. | volume = 94 | issue = 10 | pages = 5055–60 | year = 1997 | pmid = 9144189 | pmc = 24630 | doi = 10.1073/pnas.94.10.5055 | bibcode = 1997PNAS...94.5055B | doi-access = free }}
• {{cite journal | vauthors = Görlich D, Dabrowski M, Bischoff FR, Kutay U, Bork P, Hartmann E, Prehn S, Izaurralde E | title = A novel class of RanGTP binding proteins | journal = J. Cell Biol. | volume = 138 | issue = 1 | pages = 65–80 | year = 1997 | pmid = 9214382 | pmc = 2139951 | doi = 10.1083/jcb.138.1.65 }}
• {{cite journal | vauthors = Tiganis T, Flint AJ, Adam SA, Tonks NK | title = Association of the T-cell protein tyrosine phosphatase with nuclear import factor p97 | journal = J. Biol. Chem. | volume = 272 | issue = 34 | pages = 21548–57 | year = 1997 | pmid = 9261175 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.272.34.21548 | doi-access = free }}

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{{PDB Gallery|geneid=3837}}