KXNO (AM)

Weekday mornings and afternoons feature local sports shows. In middays, syndicated shows from Dan Patrick and Colin Cowherd are heard. Nights and weekends, the station carries programming from the Fox Sports Radio Network. KXNO serves as the flagship station of the Iowa Wild in the American Hockey League (AHL). It broadcasts St. Louis Cardinals baseball games and Minnesota Vikings NFL games. It also carries Iowa State University women's basketball and coaches' shows.

The station was first licensed on July 29, 1922, as WKAA in Cedar Rapids, Iowa, to the Republican Times and H. F. Parr, for operation on the "entertainment" wavelength of 360 meters (833 kHz).[https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uc1.b3221816&view=1up&seq=705 "New Stations"], Radio Service Bulletin, August 1, 1922, page 3. The call sign was randomly assigned from a sequential roster of available call letters. (Initially call letters beginning with "W" were generally assigned to stations east of an irregular line formed by the western state borders from North Dakota south to Texas, with calls beginning with "K" going only to stations in states west of that line. In January 1923 the Mississippi River was established as the new boundary, thus after this date Iowa stations generally received call letters starting with "K" instead of "W".)[https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015050612020&view=1up&seq=479 "'K' Calls Are Western"], The Wireless Age, April 1923, page 25. Later that year, ownership was changed to just H. F. Parr, and the station was authorized to also transmit on the 485-meter (619 kHz) "market and weather" wavelength.[https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uc1.b3221816&view=1up&seq=750 "Alterations and corrections"], Radio Service Bulletin, November 1, 1922, page 8. In 1923 WKAA was reassigned to 1120 kHz,[https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uc1.b3221817&view=1up&seq=191 "Alterations and corrections"], Radio Service Bulletin, October 1, 1923, page 6. which was changed to 1080 kHz in 1924.[https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uc1.b3221817&view=1up&seq=371 "Alterations and corrections"], Radio Service Bulletin, July 1, 1924, page 9. In late 1925 the call letters were changed to KWCR ("Keep Watching Cedar Rapids").[https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uc1.b3221817&view=1up&seq=689 "Alterations and corrections"], Radio Service Bulletin, December 1, 1925, page 7.

Following the establishment of the Federal Radio Commission (FRC), stations were initially issued a series of temporary authorizations starting on May 3, 1927.[https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uiug.30112106763078&view=1up&seq=60 "List of broadcasting stations issued temporary permits"], Radio Service Bulletin, April 30, 1927, pages 6-14. In addition, they were informed that if they wanted to continue operating, they needed to file a formal license application by January 15, 1928, as the first step in determining whether they met the new "public interest, convenience, or necessity" standard.[https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uiug.30112106763078&view=1up&seq=205 "Extension of Broadcasting Station Licenses"], Radio Service Bulletin, December 31, 1927, page 7. On May 25, 1928, the FRC issued General Order 32, which notified 164 stations, including KWCR, that "From an examination of your application for future license it does not find that public interest, convenience, or necessity would be served by granting it."[https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015011384305&view=1up&seq=182 "Appendix F (2): Letter to and list of stations included in General Order No. 32, issued May 25, 1928"], Second Annual Report of the Federal Radio Commission for the Year Ended June 30, 1928, Together With Supplemental Report for the Period From July 1, 1928, to September 30, 1928, pages 146-149. However, the station successfully convinced the commission that it should remain licensed.

On November 11, 1928, the FRC implemented a major reallocation of station transmitting frequencies, as part of a reorganization resulting from its implementation of General Order 40. KWCR was assigned to 1310 kHz, sharing time with KFJY in Fort Dodge, Iowa and KFGQ in Boone, Iowa.[https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015011384305&view=1up&seq=213 "Broadcasting Stations"], Second Annual Report of the Federal Radio Commission (June 30, 1928), page 177. In the 1930s, the station made additional frequency changes, eventually moving to fulltime operation on 1430 kHz.

On March 17, 1935, the KSO call letters were transferred from the original station on 1320 kHz to the now-former KWCR on 1430 kHz, which was also relocated from Cedar Rapids to Des Moines. This same day the call letters of the original KSO on 1320 kHz were changed to KRNT.[https://archive.org/details/broadcasting89unse/page/n301/mode/1up "Change in Iowa Calls"], Broadcasting, April 1, 1935, page 20. At that time, both stations were owned and operated by subsidiary corporations of the Des Moines Register-Tribune. This new KSO became an NBC Blue Network affiliate, carrying its schedule of dramas, comedies, news, sports, soap operas, game shows and big band broadcasts during the "Golden Age of Radio.{{Cite web|url=https://www.worldradiohistory.com/Archive-BC-YB/1935/Stations-by-State-Broadcasting%20Yearbook%201935%20Complete.pdf|title=Broadcasting Yearbook 1935 page 30|access-date=December 17, 2022|archive-date=September 26, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210926042458/https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-BC-YB/1935/Stations-by-State-Broadcasting%20Yearbook%201935%20Complete.pdf|url-status=dead}} At that time, the station broadcast with 250 watts daytime and 100 watts at night and had its studios in the newspaper's building.

KSO changed frequencies one last time as part of the North American Regional Broadcasting Agreement of 1941, moving from 1430 to 1460 kHz. KSO and KRNT were both owned by the Cowles family until 1944, when they sold KSO after the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) ruled that one company could not own two radio stations in the same market.{{cite web|first=George F. Jr.|last=Davison|title=KRNT-KSO History|url=http://www.desmoinesbroadcasting.com/krnt/krnt-kso-history.html|year=2002|access-date=January 16, 2006}}

KSO had a successful country music format from 1974 until 1989. On September 1, 1989, KSO began simulcasting KGGO-FM's album rock format, taking on the KGGO call sign in the process.Dave Rhein, "KSO radio may drop country music format," The Des Moines Register, August 24, 1989.Dave Rhein, "KSO and country format yield to rock music today," The Des Moines Register, September 1, 1989.

In January 1994, the station became KDMI, broadcasting religious and Spanish language programming."Countdown to country ends," The Des Moines Register, January 8, 1994. Clear Channel Communications (now iHeartMedia) acquired KDMI in 2000. On January 1, 2001, KDMI became KXNO and adopted its current sports radio format.{{cite news|first=Bryce|last=Miller|title=Third D.M. station joins all-sports radio format|work=The Des Moines Register|date=January 3, 2001|page=3C}} KXNO had two direct competitors: KXTK (940 AM, now KPSZ) and KJJC (107.1 FM, now KNWI). Both stations changed formats by mid-2003.{{cite news|first=Tom|last=Witosky|title=Another D.M. radio station to pull the plug on sports|work=The Des Moines Register|date=July 28, 2003|page=1C}}

In 2008, KXNO was nominated for a Marconi Award as the "Sports Station of the Year," given annually by the National Association of Broadcasters.

On January 14, 2020, KXNO laid off its programming director, a producer, and four on-air personalities as part of a larger wave of layoffs by iHeartMedia due to a corporate restructuring. The layoffs included its morning hosts Travis Justice and Heather Burnside, and afternoon drive hosts Chris Williams and Ross Peterson. The layoffs were met with a negative response: in solidarity with their colleagues, fellow KXNO hosts Andy Fales and Keith Murphy protested the layoffs by cancelling their show for the day, and encouraged local sponsors to threaten boycotts of the station. Fales told Rolling Stone that the threat of the station's programming of local interest being replaced by nationally-syndicated personalities, with no adequate alternative available, was a disservice to the region's "passionate sports fans". The layoffs also generated criticism from listeners via social media.{{Cite magazine|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/culture/culture-features/iheartmedia-radio-layoffs-murph-andy-937985/|title='Everybody's in Revolt': How One Radio Station Fought iHeartMedia Cuts -- and Won|last=Leight|first=Elias|date=January 17, 2020|magazine=Rolling Stone|language=en-US|access-date=January 21, 2020}}

On January 16, 2020, the station's general manager Joel McCrea announced that iHeartMedia had given him permission to reinstate the employees. In addition, it was announced that KDXA would drop its alternative rock format and become an FM simulcast of KXNO.{{Cite web|url=https://radioinsight.com/headlines/183444/after-social-media-backlash-iheartmedia-rehires-laid-off-des-moines-sports-staffers-moves-station-to-fm/|title=After Social Media Backlash, iHeartMedia Rehires Laid Off Des Moines Sports Staffers & Moves Station To FM|date=January 16, 2020|website=RadioInsight|language=en-US|access-date=January 17, 2020}}

On August 5, 2024, iHeartMedia began simulcasting KXNO's local programming on KOSY-FM in Cedar Rapids; KMNS in Sioux City; KXIC in Iowa City; and WFXN in Moline, Illinois, under the "Iowa Sports Radio Network" name.{{cite news |last1=Venta |first1=Lance |title=KXNO Programming Expands Across Iowa Along With Hot Flip In Cedar Rapids |url=https://radioinsight.com/headlines/277050/kxno-programming-expands-to-cedar-rapids-with-hot-flip/ |access-date=August 6, 2024 |work=RadioInsight |date=August 5, 2024}}

During 2008 and 2009, a feud brewed between morning show host Larry Cotlar and afternoon drive host Marty Tirrell. Tirrell and his radio partner, Ken Miller, had been critical of Cotlar's perceived bias towards the Drake University Bulldogs. They were also critical of Cotlar's interview style of "lobbing softball questions" to his guests.

On March 20, 2009, things boiled over in the KXNO studios as Tirrell initiated a verbal tirade, using harsh words that was heard briefly on the air. They included the word "fuck" a dozen times, mostly by Tirrell, who at times seemed to be on the verge of a breakdown.{{Cite web |url=http://www.cyclonefanatic.com/forum/off-topic/53412-turn-kxno-right-now.html |title=Turn to Kxno Right Now! |access-date=March 20, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090324103955/http://www.cyclonefanatic.com/forum/off-topic/53412-turn-kxno-right-now.html |archive-date=March 24, 2009 |url-status=dead }}{{Cite web|url=https://www.kcci.com/|title=Des Moines IA News and Weather - Iowa News - KCCI 8 News|publisher=KCCI}} The two were suspended for a week as a result, with The Dan Patrick Show temporarily taking its time slot.

On March 25, both hosts, as well as the board operator, Geoff Conn, were fired from their positions. FCC complaint reports were filed March 25 from an anonymous source. Tirrell's weekly sports commentary for CBS affiliate KCCI, Mouth of the Midwest, was also cancelled. Cotlar later apologized to Clear Channel to and the station's listeners for the incident.{{Cite web|url=http://www.desmoinesregister.com/article/20090325/SPORTS/90325020/0/SPORTS020605|title=Des Moines Register: "Employees fired at KXNO radio over on-air incident; Cotlar says 'I did not initiate' situation", 3/25/2009.}}{{cite web | url=http://www.kcci.com/news/19010464/detail.html | title=Des Moines IA News and Weather - Iowa News - KCCI 8 News }}

Cotlar's morning slot was filled by Jon Miller, the sports director of sister station WHO, and Steve Deace, who hosted an afternoon talk show on WHO and previously hosted an afternoon show on KXNO.{{cite news|first=Tom|last=Witosky|title=Steve Deace and Jon Miller debut morning sports show on KXNO|work=The Des Moines Register|url=http://www.desmoinesregister.com/article/20090413/SPORTS/90413037/-1/ENT06|date=April 13, 2009}}

On April 20, a new show hosted by WHO-TV personalities Keith Murphy and Andy Fales debuted in the 2-4 p.m. time slot.{{cite news|first=Tom|last=Witosky|title=Radio news: KXNO fills afternoon sports-talk slot|work=The Des Moines Register|url=http://www.desmoinesregister.com/article/20090417/SPORTS/90417005|date=April 17, 2009}} Tirrell and Cotlar later joined rival station KBGG.

{{reflist|30em}}

• {{officialwebsite|https://kxno.iheart.com/}}

{{AM station data|12964|KXNO}}

• {{Cite web|url= https://cdbs.recnet.com/corres/?doc=44627 |title= History Cards for KXNO|publisher=Federal Communications Commission}} (Guide to reading History Cards) (covering 1927-1979 as KWCR / KSO)

• {{URL|https://www.desmoinesbroadcasting.com/kso/kso-main.html|KSO historical artifacts}} from DesMoinesBroadcasting.com

{{Des Moines Radio}}

{{Sports Radio Stations in Iowa}}

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{{IHeartMedia}}

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Category:1922 establishments in Iowa

Category:Fox Sports Radio stations

Category:IHeartMedia radio stations

Category:Radio stations established in 1922

XNO

Category:Sports radio stations in the United States