Kaʼapor language

{{Short description|Tupian language spoken in Brazil}}

{{Infobox language

| name = Kaʼapor

| nativename = Urubu

| states = Brazil

| region = Maranhão

| ethnicity = 990 Kaapor (2006)

| speakers = 800

| date = 2006

| ref = e18

| familycolor = tupian

| fam1 = Tupian

| fam2 = Tupi–Guaraní

| fam3 = Wayampí

| script = Latin script

| iso3 = urb

| glotto = urub1250

| glottorefname = Urubú-Kaapor

| sign = Kaʼapor Sign Language

}}

Kaapor (Kaʼapor, Kaaporté), also known as "Urubú," "Caapor" or Urubú-Kaapor, is a Tupi–Guarani language spoken as a primary language by the Kaʼapor people of Brazil. The language is also spoken as a second language by non-Ka'apor ethnic groups, including Tembé. {{Cite web|url=https://pib.socioambiental.org/en/Povo:Ka'apor|title=Ka'apor - Indigenous Peoples in Brazil|website=pib.socioambiental.org|language=en|access-date=2018-11-22}}{{Cite news|url=https://www.ethnologue.com/language/urb|title=Kaapor|work=Ethnologue|access-date=2018-11-22|language=en}}

There is a high incidence of congenital deafness among the Kaʼapor people, most of whom grow up bilingual in Urubu-Kaapor Sign Language, which may be indigenous to them.

Phonology

= Consonants =

class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"

! rowspan="2" |

! rowspan="2" |Labial

! rowspan="2" |Alveolar

! rowspan="2" |Palatal

! colspan="2" |Velar

! rowspan="2" |Glottal

plain

!lab.

Stop

|p

|t

|

|k

|kʷ

Fricative

|

|s

|

|

|h

Nasal

|m

|n

|

|ŋʷ

|

Rhotic

|

|

|

|

|

Approximant

|w

|

|j

|

|

|

  • Sounds /s, ʃ, m, n/ may also be heard as [ts, tʃ, ᵐb, ⁿd] in word-initial positions.
  • /j/ may also be heard as [ʒ] or [dʒ] freely, in word-initial positions.
  • /ɾ/ may also be heard as a trill [r] in word-final positions.

= Vowels =

class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
!Front

!Central

!Back

Close

|i ĩ

|u ũ

Mid

|e ẽ

|

|o õ

Open

|

|a ã

|

  • Sounds /e, o/ may also be heard as more open [ɛ, ɔ] in stressed syllables.

References

{{reflist}}

  • {{Cite thesis |last=Lopes |first=Mario Alexandre Garcia |title=Aspectos Gramaticais da Língua KA'APOR |date=2009 |degree=PhD |publisher=Federal University of Minas Gerais |hdl=1843/ALDR-7R5QDU |hdl-access=free |language=pt |trans-title=Grammatical Aspects of the KA'APOR Language}}

{{Tupian languages}}

Category:Tupi–Guarani languages

Category:Ka'apor

{{tupian-lang-stub}}