Kabataang Makabayan
{{Short description|Philippine socialist youth organization}}
{{Distinguish|text=the Kabataan partylist or the Makabayan coalition}}
{{Infobox militant organization
|name = Kabataang Makabayan
|logo = Kabataang Makabayan logo (1965).png
|caption = The official logo of KM as defined in their Constitution
|other_name = KM
|country = Philippines
|allegiance = Communist Party of the Philippines
|motives = Support the national democratic revolution in the Philippines
|newspaper = Kalayaan
|ideology = Communism
National Democracy
Marxism-Leninism-Maoism
|status = Active
|partof = National Democratic Front of the Philippines
}}
Kabataang Makabayan ("Patriotic Youth"), also known by the acronym KM, is an underground communist youth organization in the Philippines which was active from 1964 to the present.{{Cite web |last=Santos |first=Soliman Jr. |title=Samahang Demokratiko ng Kabataan: some basic information - Europe Solidaire Sans Frontières |url=http://www.europe-solidaire.org/spip.php?article15837 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200731131001/http://www.europe-solidaire.org/spip.php?article15837 |archive-date=2020-07-31 |access-date=2020-10-31 |website=www.europe-solidaire.org}} It was banned by the Philippine government in 1972 when then-President Ferdinand Marcos declared martial law, and was driven underground.{{cite web | last =Espada | first =Dennis | title =Activists share brief recollections on Kabataang Makabayan | url =http://bulatlat.com/main/2014/11/23/activists-share-brief-recollections-on-kabataang-makabayan/ | date =November 23, 2014 | accessdate =November 25, 2017 | archive-date =December 1, 2017 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20171201034722/http://bulatlat.com/main/2014/11/23/activists-share-brief-recollections-on-kabataang-makabayan/ | url-status =live }}{{cite news | last =Espejo | first =Edwin G. | title =COMMENTARY: Springing back to life: The Student Protest Movement | publisher =MindaNews | date =March 6, 2008 | url =http://www.mindanews.com/mindaviews/2008/03/commentary-springing-back-to-life-the-student-proest-movement-by-edwin-g-espejo/ | accessdate =November 25, 2017 | archive-date =December 1, 2017 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20171201045449/http://www.mindanews.com/mindaviews/2008/03/commentary-springing-back-to-life-the-student-proest-movement-by-edwin-g-espejo/ | url-status =live }} It was dissolved in 1975 along with other National Democratic mass organizations, as part of the National Democratic movement's change of strategy against the Marcos regime. Revived within the Manila-Rizal area in 1977 and later nationally in 1984,{{Cite journal |last=Castro |first=Nestor |date=2012-01-01 |title=Ang Muling Pagtatatag sa Kabataang Makabayan, 1984 |url=https://www.academia.edu/1803419 |access-date=2024-01-05 |archive-date=2023-08-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230827140850/https://www.academia.edu/1803419 |url-status=live }} the organization continues to exist.
History
Kabataang Makabayan originated from the Students' Cultural Association of UP (SCAUP) in the University of the Philippines and was initially organized as the youth arm of the Partido Komunista ng Pilipinas-1930 by José María Sison, Ernesto Macahiya, Nilo Tayag, and others.{{cite book | last1 =Strauss | first1 =Julia C. | last2 =O'Brien | first2 =Donal Cruise | title =Staging Politics: Power and Performance in Asia and Africa | publisher =I.B. Tauris | year =2007 | pages =220 | url =https://books.google.com/books?id=bFKNH-U06VQC&q=kabataang+makabayan+is+an&pg=PA220 | isbn =978-1-84511-367-4 | access-date =2021-07-26 | archive-date =2024-01-05 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20240105115019/https://books.google.com/books?id=bFKNH-U06VQC&q=kabataang+makabayan+is+an&pg=PA220 | url-status =live }}{{cite book | last =Timberman | first =David G. | title =A Changeless Land: Continuity and Change in Philippine Politics | publisher =Institute of Southeast Asian Studies | year =1991 | pages =60 | url =https://books.google.com/books?id=NkBO2RhI4NUC&q=kabataang+makabayan+is+an&pg=PA60 | isbn =9813035862 | access-date =2021-07-26 | archive-date =2024-01-05 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20240105115019/https://books.google.com/books?id=NkBO2RhI4NUC&q=kabataang+makabayan+is+an&pg=PA60#v=snippet&q=kabataang%20makabayan%20is%20an&f=false | url-status =live }}{{cite web | title = Kabataang Makabayan Handbook 1964 (First National Congress, 30 Nov 1964) | url = https://www.scribd.com/document/237409681/Kabataang-Makabayan-Handbook-1964-First-National-Congress-30-Nov-1964 | accessdate = November 25, 2017 | archive-date = 22 October 2021 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20211022115439/https://www.scribd.com/document/237409681/Kabataang-Makabayan-Handbook-1964-First-National-Congress-30-Nov-1964 | url-status = live }} Sison envisioned the youth group as revolutionaries who would establish a country led by the working class instead of oligarchic politicians. It was established on November 30, 1964, Bonifacio Day, to emphasize continuity with Andrés Bonifacio's 1896 Philippine Revolution.{{cite news | last =Palatino | first =Mong | title =What Millennials Should Know About the Kabataang Makabayan | publisher =Manila Today | date =August 5, 2015 | url =http://www.manilatoday.net/what-millennials-should-know-about-the-kabataang-makabayan/ | accessdate =November 25, 2017 | archive-date =April 22, 2018 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20180422161208/http://www.manilatoday.net/what-millennials-should-know-about-the-kabataang-makabayan/ | url-status =live }} Nacionalista Senator Lorenzo Tañada gave the closing speech at the KM's first national congress and was both a consultant and honorary member.
When Sison re-established the Communist Party of the Philippines (CPP) in 1968 as a consequence of the First Great Rectification Movement, the New People's Army (NPA) was organized as its military wing; Kabataang Makabayan then became the CPP's youth arm. It was also one of the groups that established the National Democratic Front of the Philippines.
=First Quarter Storm=
{{main|First Quarter Storm}}
Kabataang Makabayan was at the forefront of the First Quarter Storm, a period of civic unrest consisting of violent demonstrations, protests, and marches against the government of then-President Ferdinand Marcos from January to March 1970. The protests and subsequent violence they inspired collectively became one major factor that led to Marcos’ declaration of Martial Law in late September 1972.
Philippine government estimates place Kabataang Makabayan membership at 10,000–30,000 during its peak.{{cite web | title = APPENDIX: A History of the Philippine Political Protest | publisher = Government of the Philippines | url = http://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/edsa/the-ph-protest-appendix/#_ftnref45 | accessdate = November 25, 2017 | archive-date = April 3, 2018 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180403050023/http://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/edsa/the-ph-protest-appendix/#_ftnref45 | url-status = dead }}{{cite web | title = Proclamation No. 1081, s. 1972 | date = 21 September 1972 | publisher = Government of the Philippines | url = http://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/1972/09/21/proclamation-no-1081/ | accessdate = November 25, 2017 | archive-date = 19 April 2018 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180419132951/http://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/1972/09/21/proclamation-no-1081/ | url-status = dead }}
See also
External links
- [http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/news/photo/74107/kabataang-makabayan-calls-on-the-youth-to-join-the-armed-struggle/photo/ Kabataang Makabayan calls on the youth to join the armed struggle]
- [http://davaotoday.com/main/slider/kabataang-makabayan/ Kabataang Makabayan commemorate 51st founding anniversary in Davao City]
References
{{reflist}}
{{National Democratic Front of the Philippines}}
{{Communism in the Philippines}}
{{Authority control}}
Category:History of the Philippines (1965–1986)
Category:Communist militant groups
Category:Political youth organizations in the Philippines
Category:Youth wings of communist parties