Kadamba architecture

File:Halasi 10.jpg, Karnataka]]

Kadamba architecture was a style of temple architecture founded by Mayurasharma in the 4th century AD in Karnataka, India.{{cite web

|url= http://www.kamat.com/database/content/architecture/16247.htm

|title=Kadamba Style Temple Architecture

|access-date=2011-07-22

}} Kadambas created new style of architecture which was the basis of the Hoysalas style of architecture,

developed original school of sculpture, was the forerunner of series of South Indian sculptors.{{cite book

|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=RUX8-PzWohgC

|title=The Kadamba Kula A History of Ancient and Mediaeval Karnataka Reprint Bombay 1931 Edition -Preface

|year=1990

|publisher= by George M. Moraes, H. Heras S.J.(Asian Educational Services).

|isbn=9788120605954

|access-date=2013-08-26

}} Many temples at Aihole, Badami and Hampi are built in Kadamba style.

History

{{Main|Kadamba Dynasty|Kadamba of Hangal|Kadambas of Halasi|Political history of medieval Karnataka#Kadambas and Gangas}}

During 345 AD to 525 AD, the ancient royal dynasty of Karnataka, the Kadambas made early contribution to the architecture of Karnataka and they are the originators.{{cite web

|url= http://www.kamat.com/kalranga/deccan/kadamba.htm

|title=Kadambas of Banavasi

|access-date=2011-07-22

}}

Kadamba art

File:Doddagaddavalli Lakshmidevi temple1 retouched.JPG]]

The most prominent feature of Kadamba architecture was Shikara called Kadamba Shikara.

The tower rises in steps without any decoration (pyramid shaped shikara) with pinnacle (Stupika or Kalasha) on top.

The Kadamba temples vimana usually square in plan, the tower is pyramidal shape and constitutes

a series of horizontal step stages decorated with uniform series of quadrangular vertical projections

and covering vestibules attached to vimana, The stages are more numerous and less elevated, devoid of pavilion ornamentation.

Kadamba's architecture and sculpture contributed to the foundation of Chalukya-Hoysala style.

Temples in Kadamba architectural style

File:Two Shiva temples on Hemakuta hill at Hampi.JPG]]

File:Mallikarjuna group of temples at Badami.jpg]]

File:Mahakuta group of temples2 at Mahakuta.jpg style superstructure at Mahakuta]]

File:Aihole temples 2.jpg near Durga temple, in Kadamba style]]

The 5th century monuments at Halasi are the oldest surviving Kadamba structure.

The most prominent feature is the Kadamba Shikara with a Kalasa on top.

In Belgaum district, Hattikeshwara, Kalleshwara and Someshwara temples at Halasi and group of temples at Kadaroli illustrates the Kadamba architecture. The old Jain basadi containing a sanctum and a sukanasi at Halasi the most ancient stone temple in Karnataka. Kadamba architecture constituted an important link between the Shatavahanas, Pallavas and Chalukyas architecture. Kadamba architecture elements in Hoysala Architecture.{{cite web

|url=http://www.banavasitourism.com/history.html

|title=Kadamba Architecture - Banavasi

|access-date=2013-08-23

|archive-date=8 January 2014

|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140108191723/http://www.banavasitourism.com/history.html

|url-status=dead

}}

; Aihole

Many temples at Aihole including Ramlingesvara temple Complex, Badigergudi temple and small shrines at Durga temple complex, Tryambakeshwara temple complex, ruined temple at Mallikarjuna temple complex, shrines at Jyotirlinga temple complex, small temple at Hucchimalli temple complex, ruined temples Galaganatha temple complex and many temples along the Malaprabha River are built in Kadamba architectural (Shikhara) style.

; Badami

Kadamba style Mallikarjuna group of temples and Bhutanatha group of temples[http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Badami_bhutanada_temple1.JPG](temple on adjacent small hill top) at Badami.

; Hampi

Including Jain temples and two Shiva temples and many ruined temples on [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Hemakuta_temple_hill_complex Hemakuta hill] at Hampi built in Kadamba style of architecture.

; Mahakuta

There are many shrines with Kadamba superstructure at Mahakuta including Bhimeshwara ling temple, newly renovated temple outside main temple complex.

; Bandalike

There are many temples and Basadis at Bandalike (Bandalika), it is about 35 km from Shikaripura including Shantinath basadi, Sahasralinga temple and Someshwara threemurthy temples those are of Rastrakutas and Kadambas period, temples built in Kadamba style of architecture.

; Belgaum district

Kamala Narayana Temple, Degaon (Degamve / Devgram)
The [http://www.bl.uk/onlinegallery/onlineex/apac/photocoll/g/largeimage62830.html Ruined temple at Konnur] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305012544/http://www.bl.uk/onlinegallery/onlineex/apac/photocoll/g/largeimage62830.html |date=5 March 2016 }} is 4 km from Gokak falls.
Kamala basadi{{cite web

|url=http://kamalbasti.com/

|title=Kamal Basti has Kadamba Nagara shikara

|access-date=2013-08-23

|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140112111817/http://kamalbasti.com/

|archive-date=12 January 2014

|url-status=dead

}} at Belagavi

Bhutnath temple Torgal (Torgal Fort) near Munvalli in Belgaum district.
Panchlingeshwara Temple Munavalli Belgaum district has Kadamba shikhara.
Ramalingaeshwara temple at Bailhongal
There are few ruined temples at Hooli with Kadamba shikhara.
The ruined temple beside the river at [http://www.bl.uk/onlinegallery/onlineex/apac/photocoll/o/largeimage62836.html Kadaroli] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220622044520/http://www.bl.uk/onlinegallery/onlineex/apac/photocoll/o/largeimage62836.html |date=22 June 2022 }} has the Kadamba style shikara.
Temples at Halasi and Ramtheerth temple a top of the hill near Halasi

;Uttara Kannada district

Including Madhukeshwara temple and Parvati temple many other temples at Banavasi has Kadamba style architecture (Shikhara).
Ratnatraya Basti at Bilgi a small village near Siddapura, Uttara Kannada district of Karnataka.
The 12th and 14th century AD Shankara Narayana temple [https://archive.today/20130827163827/http://www.sdmdharmothanatrust.org/Pages/Districts/14_Uttar_Kannada/Haliyur/SitePlan.htm] at Haliyur and Venkataramana Swamy temple [https://archive.today/20130827163740/http://www.sdmdharmothanatrust.org/Pages/Districts/14_Uttar_Kannada/Muttinkare/SitePlan.htm] at Muttinkere near Sonda in Sirsi taluk of Uttarkannada district.
Mallikarjuna Temple at Haliyal.

; Hassan district

Yoga Narasimha temple at Holalu in Hassan district
The Kadamba Bettada Byreshwara Shiva temple built in black stone near Hanbal a hill station of Sakleshpur (in Western Ghats) in Hassan district.
The Kadamba style Keerthinarayana temple [https://web.archive.org/web/20091125131001/http://www.sdmdharmothanatrust.org/Pages/Districts/08_Hassan/SitePlan.htm] is at Heragu in Hassan district.

;Gadag district

File:Lakshmeshwara Old Jain temple 1.jpg

The old Jain temple at Lakshmeshwara has Kadamba shikara.
Trilingeshwara temple at Hosur in Gadag district
Narasimha temple Gadag, veera narayana temple complex Gadag

; Haveri district

The Kere Someshwara Temple at Kalakeri in Hangal taluk of Haveri district,{{cite web

|url=http://www.hindu.com/2008/01/24/stories/2008012454870800.htm

|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080129231310/http://www.hindu.com/2008/01/24/stories/2008012454870800.htm

|url-status=dead

|archive-date=2008-01-29

|work=The Hindu

|title=Six chosen for development as 'Heritage Cities' in State

|date=2008-01-24

|access-date=2013-09-03

}} is in Kadamba style architecture (Shikhara).

Basavann Temple in the Chaudayyadanapura Mukteshwara temple complex, Haveri District.
Narasimha temple Narasapura near Chaudayyadanapura, Haveri District.
Veerabhadra temple Hale Honatti in Ranebennur taluk of Haveri district

;Chikmagalur district

The Kadamba style Bhairaveshwara Temple at Byrapura, 22 km from Mudigere (in western ghats) in Chikmagalur district near to Kukke Subramanya.
Prasanna Rameshwara Temple Devarunda, Mudigere in Chikmagalur district
Malahanikareshvara, Bhavani temples shringeri.

; Other parts of Karnataka

The 12th century AD Shiva temple at Udri Shimoga [https://web.archive.org/web/20131029213634/http://asibengalurucircle.org/images/shimoga-26-big.jpg]{{Cite web |url=http://asibengalurucircle.org/shimoga-26.html |title=Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) |access-date=25 October 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029214354/http://asibengalurucircle.org/shimoga-26.html |archive-date=29 October 2013 |url-status=dead }} built in Kadamba style architecture.
Mallikarjuna Temple and Neelakanteshwara Temple, Kalasi
Tryambakeshwara temple (Trikutachala) with Kadamba Shikhara at Kavital in Manvi taluk in Raichur district.
Jain temple [http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-EAgAwhS-b34/UZhvUEZE5OI/AAAAAAAASzU/s9HGxmJnV3c/s1600/08+Brahmagiri+Jain+temple.jpg] at Brahmagiri hill in Chitradurga district.

; Other parts of India

;Maharashtra

[http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Kolhapur_Panchaganga_Temples.JPG Panchaganga Temple] at Kolhapur built in Kadamba style.
Mahabaleshwar Temple, Krishnai Temple Mahabaleshwar in Maharashtra
Kaneri math kadamba style is in Karveer tehsil in Kolhapur district in Maharashtra

;Andhra Pradesh

Temples at Srisailam built during Vijayanagara empire (by Harihara Raya) has Kadamba Shikhara.

Telangana

Papanasi group of temples at Alampur dedicated to Joglamba devi are built in Kadamba style architecture.
[http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/someshwara-temple-to-shine-soon/article5132035.ece Chaya Someshwara temple] at Panagal in Nalgonda.
Ramappa temple in Mulug district
Thousand pillar temple in Warangal

Chalukya-Kadamba architectural style

The Uma Maheshwara temple{{cite news

|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-karnataka/renovation-work-of-uma-maheshwara-temple-begins/article1782335.ece

|title=Renovation work of Uma Maheshwara temple begins

|access-date=2013-08-27

}} at Hosagunda in Sagar taluk of Shimoga district.

Hoysala-Kadamba architectural style

Aghoreshwara Temple at Ikkeri
Late Hoysala Trikutachala temple built in granite has Kadamba Nagara shikhara.{{cite web

|url=http://asibengalurucircle.org/hassan-1.html

|title=CHANNAKESVA TEMPLE TOGETHER WITH ADJACENT

|access-date=2013-08-27

|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130827102627/http://asibengalurucircle.org/hassan-1.html

|archive-date=27 August 2013

|url-status=dead

}}

The Eshwara Temple at Malali (Holenarasipura Taluk) in Hassan district in Karnataka, an early Hoysala structure with Kadamba Nagara style shikara.
Lakshmi Devi temple, Doddagaddavalli built by Hoysala.