Kadambas of Goa

{{Infobox country

| conventional_long_name = Kadambas of Goa

| common_name =

| year_start = 960 CE

| year_end = 1310 CE

| religion = Hinduism

| common_languages = Kannada

| government_type = Monarchy

|image_map =

{{South Asia in 1175|center|Location of the Kadambas, and neighbouring South Asian polities in 1175, on the eve of the Ghurid invasions of the subcontinent.{{cite book |last1=Chandra |first1=Satish |title=Medieval India: From Sultanat to the Mughals-Delhi Sultanat (1206–1526) – Part One |date=2004 |publisher=Har-Anand Publications |isbn=978-81-241-1064-5 |pages=19–20 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=L5eFzeyjBTQC&pg=PA19 |language=en|author-link=Satish Chandra (historian)}}{{cite book |last1=Schwartzberg |first1=Joseph E. |title=A Historical atlas of South Asia |date=1978 |publisher=University of Chicago Press |location=Chicago |pages=32, 146|isbn=0226742210 |url=https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/schwartzberg/pager.html?object=069}}}}

| p1 = Shilahara dynasty

| s1 = Tughlaq dynasty

| flag_s1 = Tughlaq_dynasty_1321_-_1398_ad.PNG

| capital = Goa

| today = India

|image_coat = Kadamba.PNG

|coa_size =300

|symbol_type = Gold coins issued by the Kadamba king of Goa, Shivachitta Paramadideva, {{circa|1147–1187}}.

}}

{{location map+|India|float=right|width=250|caption=The various centers of the Kadambas|places=

{{location map~|India|label=Hangal|position=right|lat=14.767|long=75.126}}

{{location map~|India|label=Goa|position=left|lat=15.5|long=73.83}}

{{location map~|India|label=Halasi|position=top|lat=15.54|long=74.590833}}

{{location map~|India|label=Bayalnad|position=bottom|lat=11.605|long=76.083|mark=Button Icon Brown.svg|marksize=7}}

{{location map~|India|label=Hangal|position=right|lat=14.767|long=75.126}}

}}

The Kadambas of Goa were a dynasty during the Late Classical period on the Indian subcontinent, who ruled Goa from the 10th to the 14th century CE. They took over the territories of the Shilaharas and ruled them at first from Chandor, later making Gopakapattana their capital.{{cite book|last=de Souza|first=Teotonio R.|title=Goa Through the Ages: An economic history|year=1990|publisher=Concept Publishing Company|isbn=81-7022-259-1|pages=11–15}}

Origins

According to the Talagunda inscription found in Shimoga in Karnataka, the Kadambas are descended from Mayurasharma.George M. Moares (1931), The Kadamba Kula, A History of Ancient and Medieval Karnataka, Asian Educational Services, 1990, p10

Establishment of a separate dynasty

As a feudatory of the Chalukyas, Kadamba Shasthadeva was appointed as the Mahamandaleshwar of Goa by the Chalukya king, Tailapa II.Moraes (1931), pp.88–93{{full citation needed|date=September 2012}} According to the Savai vere inscription, the Kadambas were allies of the Chalukyas, whom they helped to defeat the Rashtrakutas. Shashthadeva later conquered the city of Chandrapur from the Shilaharas and established the Goan Kadamba dynasty in 960 CE.{{cite book|last=Kamat|first=Varsha|title=Sanskrutik Vartapatra (in Marathi, see chapter: Kadambancha suvarnakal)|date= December 2010|publisher=Sanskrutik Vartapatra|location=Pune|pages=112(see pages 10–13)}}

Gopakapattana

King Shashthadeva conquered Goa, Port Gopakapattana and Kapardikadvipa and annexed a large part of South Konkan to his kingdom, making Gopakpattana his subsidiary capital. The next King, Jayakeshi I, further expanded the Goan kingdom. A Jain Sanskrit text, {{IAST|Dvayāśraya}} mentions the extension of his capital and that Port Gopakapattna had trade contacts with Zanzibar, Bengal, Gujarat and Sri Lanka. Gopakapattana was a pleasant commercial city, well connected with Old Goa and a trading hub for over 300 years. In the 1320s it was looted by Khalji general Malik Kafur. The Kadambas went back to Chandor, but returned to Gopakapattana when Muhammad bin Tughluq overcame Chandor.{{cite book|title= de Souza, Teotonio R. (1990)Goa Through the Ages: An economic history pg 11-15|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dwYDPnEjTb4C|access-date=8 Jan 2018|isbn = 9788170222590|last1 = De Souza|first1 = Teotonio R.|year = 1990}}

File:Kadambas of Goa. Anonymous. Circa 1240-1310. AV Pagoda (16mm, 3.12 g, 4h). ‘Conqueror of the Malavas’ issue. Lion standing left; standard to left śri malaha ramari in Devanagari.jpg".]]

Administration

During the rule of the Kadambas, the name and fame of Goapuri reached its zenith. Goa's religion, culture, trade and arts flourished and the dynasty built many Shiva temples. They assumed titles like Konkanadhipati, Saptakotisha Ladbha Varaveera, Gopakapura varadhishva, Konkanmahacharavarti and Panchamahashabda.{{cite book|last=Gune|first=Vithal Trimbak|title=Gazetteer of the Union Territory Goa, Daman and Diu|publisher=Goa, Daman and Diu (India). Gazetteer Dept|year=1979|volume=I}} They married the royalty of Saurashtra and even local chieftains. The kings patronized the Vedic religion and performed major fire sacrifices (yagna) and Ashvamedha yagna. They popularized Hinduism and patronized Jainism.

The languages of Kadamba administration were Sanskrit and Kannada. They introduced the Kannada language to Goa, where it exercised a profound influence on the local language. The Nagari, Kadamba, Halekannada and Goykanadi scripts were very popular. It is known from another inscription that Tribhuvanamalla established a Brahmapuri at Gopaka. Brahmapuris were ancient universities run by Brahmins, where Vedas, astrology, philosophy, medicine, and other subjects were taught.{{cite book|title=Gazetteer of the Union Territory Goa, Daman and Diu : district gazetteer / edited by V.T. Gune|series=Gazetteer of India|year=1979|publisher=Gazetteer Dept., Govt. of the Union Territory of Goa, Daman and Diu|url=https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/000644033|access-date=8 Jan 2018}} They were found in Goa, Savoi verem, Gauli moula, and elsewhere.

Kadambas ruled Goa for more than 400 years.{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dwYDPnEjTb4C&q=panjanakhani&pg=PA129|title=Goa Through the Ages: An economic history, Volume 2|last=De Souza|first=Teotonio R.|publisher=Concept Publishing Company|year=1990|isbn=9788170222590|pages=129}} until 1345 CE.Title: Gazetteer of the Union Territory Goa, Daman and Diu: district gazetteer, Volume 1; Publisher: Gazetteer Dept., Govt. of the Union Territory of Goa, Daman and Diu, 1979 (Original from the University of Michigan, Digitised: 30 August 2008){{Cite web|url=http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/35652/10/10_chapter%203.pdf|title=EPIGRAPHICAL AND LITERARY SOURCES ON WORSHIP IN GOA'S PAST|website=ShodhGanga}}{{cite book|title=K Kula Velliapura inscriptions pg 181 190 317 384 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RUX8-PzWohgC&q=kadambas+of+goa|access-date=8 Jan 2018|isbn = 9788120605954|last1 = Moraes|first1 = George M.|year = 1990}}

File:Таҳмина Раҷабова - IFFI.jpg Award]]

In popular culture

Goa Government-owned bus service is named after the Kadambas Dynasty and is known as Kadamba Transport Corporation. The royal lion emblem of the Kadambas is used a logo on its buses. The logo has been used since the corporation's inception in 1980.{{Cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/kadamba-dynasty-logo-to-be-reinstaed-on-goa-govt-buses/articleshow/2978077.cms|title=Kadamba dynasty logo to be reinstaed on Goa govt buses|date=24 April 2008|newspaper=The Economic times}}

On 31 May 2005 Defence minister of India Pranab Mukherjee commissioned India's most advanced and first dedicated military naval base named INS Kadamba in Karwar.Defense Minister Pranab Mukherjee opened the first phase of India's giant western naval base INS Kadamba in Karwar, Karnataka state, on 31 May. {{cite web|title=India Opens Major Naval Base at Karwar|url=http://www.defenseindustrydaily.com/india-opens-major-naval-base-at-karwar-0647/|work=Defence Industry Daily|date=21 May 2012|access-date=2013-01-30}}