Kadar dialect
{{short description|Dargin dialect}}
{{For|the Dravidian language|Kadar language}}
{{Infobox language
| name = Kadar
| familycolor = caucasian
| nativename = {{lang|dar|Гъадаран лугъат}} {{transliteration|dar|G'adaran lug'at}}
| pronunciation = {{IPA|[ʁadaran]}}
| states = Russia
| region = Dagestan
| ethnicity = 18,000 Kadar Dargins (2019–2024)
| speakers = 18,000
| date = 2019–2024
| dia1 = Kadar
| dia2 = Karamakhi
| dia3 = Chankurbe
| isoexception = dialect
| fam1 = Northeast Caucasian
| fam2 = Dargin
| fam3 = North-Central
| fam4 = North Dargwa
| glotto = kada1294
| glottoname = Kadarskij
| mapcaption = {{legend inline|#bde2e8|North Dargwa}}, with Kadar at the top left of the map
| map = Dargwa_map_%28Koryakov%29_2021.png
}}
The Kadar dialect ({{transliteration|dar|G'adaran lug'at}} / {{lang|dar|Гъадаран лугъат}}) is a dialect of the North Dargwa language, one of the Dargin languages, which is characterized by specific phonetic, morphological, lexical and syntactic features. It is traditionally regarded as a single dialect of Dargwa.{{cite book |last1=Berg |first1=Helma van den |title=Dargi folktales : oral stories from the Caucasus with an introduction to Dargi grammar |date=2001 |publisher=Research School of Asian, African, and Amerindian Studies, Universiteit Leiden |location=Leiden |isbn=9057890666}}{{Cite book |author-last=Коряков |author-first=Юрий |title=Дурхъаси Хазна. Сборник Статей К 60-Летию Р. О. Муталова / Ред. Т. А. Майсак, Н. Р. Сумбатова, Я. Г. Тестелец. М.: Буки Веди |publisher=Буки Веди |year=2021 |isbn=978-5-6045633-5-9 |editor-last1=Майсак |editor-first1=Т. А. |pages=139–154 |language=ru |script-title=ru:Дурхъаси хазна. Сборник статей к 60-летию Р. О. Муталова |chapter=Даргинские языки и их классификация |trans-chapter=Dargwa languages and their classification |type= |format= |editor-last2=Сумбатова |editor-first2=Н. Р. |editor-last3=Тестелец |editor-first3=Я. Г. |chapter-url=https://www.academia.edu/50908006}} The vocabulary layer of the Kadar dialect includes words borrowed from Arabic, Persian, Russian and especially Turkic, due to contact with Kumyk.{{cite journal |last1=Vagizieva |first1=Naida A. |last2=Temirbulatova |first2=Sapiyahanum M. |title=ТЮРКИЗМЫ В КАДАРСКОМ ДИАЛЕКТЕ ДАРГИНСКОГО ЯЗЫКА |journal=Bulletin of the Kalmyk Institute for Humanities of the Russian Academy of Sciences |date=30 October 2016 |volume=25 |issue=3 |pages=83–89 |doi=10.22162/2075-7794-2016-25-3-83-89 |issn=2075-7794 |url=http://kigiran.com/pubs/index.php/vestnik/article/view/666 |access-date=22 December 2022 |language=ru |trans-title=Turkisms in the Kadar Dialect of the Dargin Language|url-access=subscription }}
Phonology
Kadar has 39 consonants and 5 vowels.{{Cite web |date= |title=Салим Герейбеков КАДАРСКИЙ ДИАЛЕКТ ДАРГИНСКОГО ЯЗЫКА |url=https://infourok.ru/salim-gereybekov-kadarskiy-dialekt-darginskogo-yazika-3094739.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191205195516/https://infourok.ru/salim-gereybekov-kadarskiy-dialekt-darginskogo-yazika-3094739.html |archive-date=2019-12-05 |access-date=2024-06-27 |website=infourok.ru}} Gemination does not occur, as in other Dargin languages, but there are labialized consonants, being {{IPAblink|gʷ}} and {{IPAblink|kʷ}}.
class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|+ |
colspan="2" rowspan="2" |
! rowspan="2" |Labial ! colspan="2" |Dental ! rowspan="2" |Postalveolar ! rowspan="2" |Palatal ! rowspan="2" |Velar ! rowspan="2" |Uvular ! rowspan="2" |Pharyngeal/ ! rowspan="2" |Glottal |
---|
align="center" class="small"
! plain ! sib. |
align="center"
! colspan="2" | Nasal | {{IPA link|m}} | {{IPA link|n}} | | | | | | | |
align="center"
! rowspan="3" | Plosive/ ! voiced | {{IPA link|b}} | {{IPA link|d}} | |{{IPA link|d͡ʒ}} | | {{IPA link|ɡ}} | {{IPA link|ɢ}} | {{IPA link|ʡ}} | |
align="center"
| {{IPA link|p}} | {{IPA link|t}} | {{IPA link|t͡s}} |{{IPA link|t͡ʃ}} | | {{IPA link|k}} | {{IPA link|q}} | | {{IPA link|ʔ}} |
align="center"
! ejective | {{IPA link|pʼ}} | {{IPA link|tʼ}} |{{IPA link|t͡sʼ}} |{{IPA link|t͡ʃʼ}} | | {{IPA link|kʼ}} | {{IPA link|qʼ}} | | |
align="center"
! rowspan="2" | Fricative ! voiced | {{IPA link|v}} | {{IPA link|z}} | | {{IPA link|ʒ}} |({{IPA link|ʝ}}) | | {{IPA link|ʁ}} | | |
voiceless
|{{IPA link|f}} |{{IPA link|s}} | |{{IPA link|ʃ}} |{{IPA link|ç}} | |{{IPA link|χ}} |{{IPA link|ħ}} |{{IPA link|h}} |
align="center"
! colspan="2" | Sonorant | | {{IPA link|l}} | |{{IPA link|r}} | {{IPA link|j}} | | | | |
Morphology
= Case =
Kadar has less cases than other Dargin languages.{{Cite journal |last=Mutalov |first=R. O. |last2=Bagamaeva |first2=M. S. |date=2019 |title=The declension and case system in the Kadar language |url=http://libartrus.com/en/archive/2019/5/4/ |journal=Liberal Arts in Russia |volume=8 |issue=5 |pages=343 |doi=10.15643/libartrus-2019.5.4|doi-access=free }}
References
External links
- [https://clics.clld.org/languages/ids-507 CLICS3 - Variety Dargwa (Kadar dialect)]
{{Northeast Caucasian languages}}{{Languages of the Caucasus}}
Category:Northeast Caucasian languages
{{NortheastCaucasian-lang-stub}}