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Kadugli language

{{Short description|Kadu language spoken in Sudan}}

{{distinguish|Miri language (disambiguation){{!}}Miri language}}

{{Infobox language

|name=Kadugli

|nativename=Central Kadu

|states=Sudan

|region=South Kordofan

|ethnicity=Kadugli people, Katcha, Damba, Tumma

|script=Latin alphabet

|speakers=75,000

|date=2004

|ref=e18

|familycolor=Nilo-Saharan

|fam1=Nilo-Saharan?

|fam2=Kadugli–Krongo

|fam3=Central

|dia1=Kadugli

|dia2=Katcha

|dia3=Miri

|dia4=Damba

|dia5=Tumma

|iso3=xtc

|glotto=katc1249

|glottorefname=Katcha-Kadugli-Miri

}}

Kadugli, also Katcha-Kadugli-Miri or Central Kadu, is a Kadu language or dialect cluster of the Nilo-Saharan language family spoken in South Kordofan, Sudan. Stevenson treats the varieties as dialects of one language, and they share a single ISO code, though Schadeberg (1989) treats them as separate languages.

Dialects

There are five commonly cited varieties. Three of them are rather divergent, on the verge of being distinct languages:

  • Katcha (Tolubi, Dholubi)
  • Kadugli proper (Dakalla, Talla, Dhalla, Toma Ma Dalla, Kudugli, Morta)
  • Miri

However, they share a single orthography and use the same literacy materials (Ethnologue).

Of the two other commonly cited varieties, Damba is somewhat closer to Kadugli, while Tumma appears to be a (sub)dialect of Katcha.

Villages in which the dialects are spoken according to the 22nd edition of Ethnologue:

  • Katcha dialect: Belanya, Dabakaya, Farouq, Kafina, Katcha, and Tuna villages
  • Kadugli dialect: ’Daalimo, Kadugli, Kulba, Murta, Takko, and Thappare villages
  • Miri dialect: Hayar al-Nimr, Kadoda, Kasari, Kuduru, Kya, Luba, Miri Bara, Miri Guwa, Nyimodu, Sogolle, Tulluk, and Umduiu villages

Phonology

= Consonants =

class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"

! colspan="2" |

!Labial

!Dental/
Alveolar

!Retroflex

!Palatal

!Velar

!Glottal

rowspan="3" |Plosive

!voiceless

|{{IPA link|p}}

|{{IPA link|t̪}}

|{{IPA link|ʈ}}

|{{IPA link|c}}

|{{IPA link|k}}

|({{IPA link|ʔ}})

voiced

|({{IPA link|b}})

|

|

|{{IPA link|ɟ}}

|

|

implosive

|{{IPA link|ɓ}}

|{{IPA link|ɗ}}

|

|

|

|

colspan="2" |Fricative

|{{IPA link|f}}

|{{IPA link|s}}

|

|

|

|

colspan="2" |Nasal

|{{IPA link|m}}

|{{IPA link|n}}

|

|{{IPA link|ɲ}}

|{{IPA link|ŋ}}

|

colspan="2" |Trill

|

|{{IPA link|r}}

|

|

|

|

colspan="2" |Approximant

|{{IPA link|w}}

|{{IPA link|l}}

|

|{{IPA link|j}}

|

|

  • [b] is heard as an allophone of /p/.{{Cite book |last=Turner |first=Darryl |title=The morphosyntax of Katcha nominals: A Dynamic Syntax account |publisher=University of Edinburgh |year=2015}}

= Vowels =

class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"

! rowspan="2" |

! colspan="2" |+ATR

! colspan="3" |Advanced and retracted tongue root

ATR
Front

!Back

!Front

!Central

!Back

Close

|{{IPA link|i}}

|{{IPA link|u}}

|{{IPA link|ɪ}}

|

|{{IPA link|ʊ}}

Mid

|

|{{IPA link|o}}

|{{IPA link|ɛ}}

|

|{{IPA link|ɔ}}

Open

|

|

|

|{{IPA link|a}}

|

External links

  • [https://web.archive.org/web/20120716194646/http://lucy.ukc.ac.uk/pub/alda/sudan/KATCHA~1.DOC Katcha-English Dictionary] (one of the Kadu languages)
  • [http://starling.rinet.ru/cgi-bin/response.cgi?root=new100&morpho=0&basename=new100\kad\kad&first=2&limit=-1 Katcha, Kadugli, and Miri basic lexicon at the Global Lexicostatistical Database]

References

{{Reflist}}

{{Languages of Sudan}}

{{Kordofanian languages}}

Category:Languages of Sudan

Category:Kadu languages

{{ns-lang-stub}}