Kalan Mosque
{{Short description|Mosque in Bukhara, Uzbekistan}}
{{Infobox building
| name = Kalan Mosque
| image = Masjidi_Kalyan.jpg
| image_size = 300
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| coordinates = {{coord|39.7759|64.4141|type:landmark_region:UZ|display=inline,title}}
| architectural_style =
| address = Bukhara, Uzbekistan
| years_built =
| groundbreaking_date =
| start_date = 12th century
| stop_date =
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| completion_date = 1514
| opened_date =
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| material = brick, wood, concrete
| size = 127x78 m
| floor_count = 1
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}}
Kalan Mosque ({{langx|fa|Big mosque}}) is an architectural monument located in Bukhara, Uzbekistan. It was considered one of the largest mosques built on the place of Jame' Mosque.{{sfn|Ражабов|2016|p=167}} Its current appearance was built in 1514 during the reign of Shaybani Ubaidullah Khan of Bukhara. Currently, the mosque is included in the national list of estate real objects of material and cultural heritage of Uzbekistan.
History
The main part of the Kalan Mosque was built in the 12th century during the reign of Arslan Khan, one of the Karakhanid rulers.{{sfn|Ражабов|2016|p=168}} The construction of the mosque was completed in 1514 during the reign of Shaibani Ubaidullah Khan. During the reign of Ubaidullah Khan, major repairs were carried out in the eastern main facade of the mosque. In 1542, in front of the main gate of the mosque, a marble stone was placed with the text of the decree of Bukhara Khan Abdulaziz Khan to exempt the residents of Bukhara from taxes. This work was done by the calligrapher Mirshaikh al-Pourani.{{sfn|Ўзбекистон обидаларидаги битиклар: Бухоро|2016|p=191}} This mosque is located in the Po-i-Kalyan complex. The complex includes Kalyan Minaret, Kalan Mosque, Miri Arab and Amir Olim Khan Madrasah."Poi Kalon." Archnet, archnet.org/sites/2114. Kalan Mosque has a frontporch decorated with wall arches. Some of the mosque's decorations have been preserved and restored. It was found that there is a decoration made of six-sided plates associated with the name of the master Bayazid Puroni and borders dating back to the 15th century under the cover of the front part of the mosque.{{sfn|Бухоро шарқ дурдонаси|1997|p=97}} At the beginning of the 20th century, on the initiative of Usta Shirin Murodov, an octagonal dome was built according to the old appearance of the mosque. In 1935, the Kalan Mosque was used as a granary and Friday prayers were held at the Miri Arab Madrasah. In 1997, on the occasion of the 2500th anniversary of the city of Bukhara, Kalan Mosque was renovated according to the decree of the first president of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Islam Karimov.{{sfn|Ўзбекистон обидаларидаги битиклар: Бухоро|2016|p=191}} Currently, the mosque is operating.
Architecture
The mosque has a rectangular layout (127x78 m), a large courtyard is surrounded by a covered porch with domes. 288 domes supported by 208 columns. There are decorated iwans in the four sides of the yard. The outer huge iwan in the east stands out for its majesty and magnificent decoration. There are 7 outer gates of the Kalan Mosque, with wide verandas in front of and inside the main eastern gate.
File:Le minaret et la mosquée Kalon (Boukhara, Ouzbékistan) (5658826884).jpg and Kalan Mosque]]
{{wide image|Inner courtyard of Kalyan Mosque.jpg|640px|Inner courtyard of the Kalyan Mosque, part of the Po-i-Kalyan Complex in Bukhara, Uzbekistan}}
References
{{Reflist}}
=Works cited=
{{commons category}}
- {{cite book |ref={{harvid|Ражабов|2016}} |author1=Rajabov Q |author2=Inoyatov S |title= History of Bukhara |date=2016 |publisher=Tafakkur |location=Toshkent |isbn=978-9943-24-119-0}}
- {{cite book |ref={{harvid|Ўзбекистон обидаларидаги битиклар: Бухоро|2016}} |author1=Abduxoliqov F |author2=Rtviladze E |author3=Razzoqov A|author4=Rahimov K|author5=Hakimov A |author6=Abduhalimov B |author7=Mansurov A |author8=Mannonov A |author9=Muhamedov N |title=Inscriptions in the monuments of Uzbekistan: Bukhara |date=2016 |publisher=Uzbekistan Today |location=Тошкент |isbn=978-9943-4510-5-6}}
- {{cite book |ref={{harvid|Бухоро шарқ дурдонаси|1997}} |author=Azizkhojaev A|title=Buxoro Sharq Durdonasi|date=1997 |publisher=The East |location=Toshkent}}
Category:Religious buildings and structures completed in 1514