Kale (moon)

{{Infobox planet

| name = Kale

| image = Kale-discovery-CFHT-annotated.gif

| image_scale =

| caption = Discovery images of Kale by the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope in December 2001

| pronounced = {{IPAc-en|ˈ|k|eɪ|l|iː}}as 'Cale' in Noah Webster (1884) A Practical Dictionary of the English Language

| adjective = Kalean {{IPAc-en|k|ə|ˈ|l|iː|ə|n}}

| named_after = Καλή Kălē

| mpc_name = Jupiter XXXVII

| alt_names = S/2001 J 8

| discovery_ref =

| discoverer = Scott S. Sheppard
David C. Jewitt
Jan T. Kleyna

| discovery_site = Mauna Kea Observatory

| discovered = 9 December 2001

| earliest_precovery_date =

| satellite_of = Jupiter

| group = Carme group

| orbit_ref =

| epoch = 17 December 2020 (JD 2459200.5)

| observation_arc = 16.29 yr (5,951 days)

| semimajor = {{cvt|0.1571703|AU|km|lk=in}}

| eccentricity = 0.2893464

| period = –736.55 d

| mean_anomaly = 31.49453°

| mean_motion = {{Deg2DMS|0.48876812|sup=ms}} / day

| inclination = 166.17658° (to ecliptic)

| asc_node = 153.58621°

| arg_peri = 138.91240°

| physical_ref =

| mean_diameter = 2 km

| mass =

| density =

| surface_grav =

| escape_velocity =

| rotation =

| albedo = 0.04 (assumed)

| magnitude = 23.0

| abs_magnitude = 16.3

}}

Kale {{IPAc-en|ˈ|k|eɪ|l|iː}}, also known as {{nowrap|Jupiter XXXVII}}, is a retrograde irregular satellite of Jupiter. It was discovered in 2001 by astronomers Scott S. Sheppard, D. Jewitt, and J. Kleyna, and was originally designated as {{nowrap|S/2001 J 8}}.[http://cbat.eps.harvard.edu/iauc/07900/07900.html IAUC 7900: Satellites of Jupiter] 2002 May (discovery)[http://www.minorplanetcenter.net/mpec/K02/K02J54.html MPEC 2002-J54: Eleven New Satellites of Jupiter] 2002 May (discovery and ephemeris)

Kale is about {{convert|2|km|abbr=off}} in diameter, and orbits Jupiter at an average distance of {{convert|22409|Mm|abbr=on}} in 736.55 days, at an inclination of 165° to the ecliptic (166° to Jupiter's equator), in a retrograde direction and with an orbital eccentricity of 0.2011.

It was named in August 2003[http://cbat.eps.harvard.edu/iauc/08100/08177.html IAUC 8177: Satellites of Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080709055841/http://cfa-www.harvard.edu/iauc/08100/08177.html |date=2008-07-09 }} 2003 August (naming the moon) after Kale, one of the Charites ({{langx|grc|Χάριτες}}, {{langx|la|Gratiae}}, 'Graces'), daughters of Zeus (Jupiter). Kale is the spouse of Hephaestus according to some authors (although most have Aphrodite play that role).

It belongs to the Carme group, made up of irregular retrograde moons orbiting Jupiter at a distance ranging between {{convert|23|and(-)|24|Gm|abbr=on}} and at an inclination of about 165°.