Kalinga language

Ronald Himes (1997) divides Kalinga into three dialects: Masadiit (in Abra), Northern Kalinga, and South-Central Kalinga.{{Cite journal |last=Himes |first=Ronald S. |date=1997 |title=Reconstructions in Kalinga-Itneg |journal=Oceanic Linguistics |volume=36 |issue=1 |pages=102–134 |doi=10.2307/3623072 |jstor=3623072}}

Ethnologue reports the following locations for each of the eight Kalinga languages it identifies. Banao Itneg is classified by Ethnologue as Kalinga rather than Itneg.

• Butbut Kalinga: spoken in Kalinga Province: Tinglayan and Butbut; Buscalan, Bugnay, Loccong, and Ngibat; Tabuk City, Lucnang, Pakak, Kataw, and Dinongsay. Also in Rizal: Annunang, Malapiat, Andarayan, and Bua. 15,000 speakers. Language status is 5 (developing),{{Cite web |title=Kalinga, Butbut |url=https://www.ethnologue.com/language/kyb |access-date=2022-04-29 |website=Ethnologue |language=en}}{{Subscription required}} 1,000 monoglots.
• Limos Kalinga (Limos-Liwan Kalinga, Northern Kalinga): spoken in Kalinga Province (Tabuk City, north to border) and Conner municipality, Apayao Province. 12,700 speakers. Language status is 5 (developing).{{Cite web |title=Ethnologue |url=https://www.ethnologue.com/language/kmk}}{{Subscription required}}
• Lubuagan Kalinga: spoken in Kalinga Province (Lubuagan and Tabuk City). 30,000 speakers. Dialects are Guinaang, Balbalasang, Ableg-Salegseg, and Balatok-Kalinga (Balatok-Itneg). Pasil Kalinga.,{{Cite web |title=Kalinga, Lubuagan |url=https://www.ethnologue.com/language/knb |access-date=2022-04-29 |website=Ethnologue |language=en}}{{Subscription required}} Language status is 5 (developing).
• Mabaka Valley Kalinga (Kal-Uwan, Mabaka, Mabaka Itneg): spoken in Conner municipality, Apayao Province, as well as western Abra and northern Kalinga Province.
• Majukayang Kalinga (Madukayang): spoken in Tabuk City, Kalinga Province and in Paracelis municipality, Mountain Province. 1,500 speakers as of 1990.,{{Cite web |title=Kalinga, Majukayang |url=https://www.ethnologue.com/language/kmd |access-date=2022-04-29 |website=Ethnologue |language=en}}{{Subscription required}} Language status is 6a. (Vigorous).
• Southern Kalinga: spoken in Kalinga Province (Lubuagan municipality; some also in Tabuk City) and Mountain Province (13 villages of Sadanga and Sagada municipalities). 11,000 speakers as of 1980.{{Cite book |url=https://www.sil.org/resources/archives/24585 |title=A Topical Vocabulary in English, Pilipino, Ilocano, and Southern Kalinga |publisher=Summer Institute of Linguistics |date=1980 |location=Greenhills, Metro Manila |pages=iv}} Dialects are Mallango, Sumadel, Bangad, and Tinglayan.{{Cite web |title=Ethnologue |url=https://www.ethnologue.com/language/ksc}}{{Subscription required}}
• Tanudan Kalinga (Lower Tanudan, Lower Tanudan Kalinga, Mangali Kalinga): spoken at the southern end of the Tanudan valley in southern Kalinga Province. 11,200 speakers as of 1998. Dialects are Minangali (Mangali), Tinaloctoc (Taluctoc), Pinangol (Pangul), Dacalan, and Lubo. Language status is 5 (developing). 1,120 monoglots.{{Cite web |title=Kalinga, Tanudan |url=https://www.ethnologue.com/language/kml |access-date=2022-04-29 |website=Ethnologue |language=en}}{{Subscription required}}
• Banao Itneg (Banao, Banaw, Itneg, Timggian, Tinguian, Vanaw, Vyanaw, Bhanaw Tinggian): spoken in Kalinga Province (Balbalan and Pasil municipalities) and Abra (Daguioman and Malibcong municipalities). 3,500 speakers as of 2003. Dialects are Malibcong Banao, Banao Pikekj, Gubang Itneg and Daguioman.{{Cite web |title=Kalinga, Vanaw |url=https://www.ethnologue.com/language/bjx |access-date=2022-04-29 |website=Ethnologue |language=en}}{{Subscription required}}

/a/ can also have an allophone of [ə].{{Cite book |last=Gieser |first=C. Richard |title=Kalinga sequential discourse |year=1972 |location=Philippine Journal of Linguistics 3 |pages=15–33}}{{Cite book |last=Gieser |first=C. Richard |title=The phonemes of Kalinga |year=1958 |location=In Studies in Philippine linguistics |pages=10–23}}

{{reflist}}

• {{Cite book |title=Selected topics in the grammar of Limos Kalinga, the Philippines |last=Ferreirinho |first=Naomi |date=1993 |publisher=Dept. of Linguistics, Research School of Pacific Studies, The Australian National University |isbn=978-0-85883-419-4 |series=Pacific Linguistics Series B-109 |location=Canberra |doi=10.15144/PL-B109 |hdl=1885/145804 |doi-access=free |hdl-access=free}}
• {{Cite book |url=https://www.sil.org/resources/publications/entry/25798 |title=Upper Tanudan Kalinga texts |last=Brainard |first=Sherri |publisher=Linguistic Society of the Philippines and Summer Institute of Linguistics |year=1985 |series=Studies in Philippine Linguistics Supplementary Series: Philippine Texts, 1 |location=Manila}}
• {{Cite book |url=https://www.sil.org/resources/archives/25954 |title=Guinaang Kalinga texts |last=Gieser |first=C. Richard |publisher=Linguistic Society of the Philippines and Summer Institute of Linguistics |year=1987 |series=Studies in Philippine Linguistics Supplementary Series: Philippine Texts, 4 |location=Manila}}
• {{Cite journal |last1=Olson |first1=Kenneth S. |last2=Machlan |first2=Glenn |last3=Amangao |first3=Nelson |date=2008 |title=Minangali (Kalinga) Digital Wordlist: Presentation Form |journal=Language Documentation & Conservation |volume=2 |issue=1 |hdl-access=free |hdl=10125/1772}}

{{IgorotTribesmall}}

{{Languages of the Philippines}}

{{Philippine languages}}

Category:Languages of Kalinga (province)

Category:Languages of Apayao

Category:South–Central Cordilleran languages

{{philippine-lang-stub}}