Kalkans
{{Short description|Ethnonym of the Ingush, mentioned in Russian sources of 16-17th centuries}}
Kalkans, Kolkans, Kalki, Kolki, Kalkan people — ethnonym of the Ingush used in Russian sources of the 16th-17th centuries. The ethnonym corresponds to the self-name of the Ingush - Ghalghaï.{{sfn|Волкова|1973|page=154}}{{sfn|Богуславский|2004|page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=6OaOaYo6J7oC&q=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%8B 538]}}
History
Kalkans are first mentioned in the second half of the 16th century in numerous reports of attacks done on Russian ambassador armies in Darial Gorge by Kalkans.{{sfn|Кушева|1963|p=65}}{{sfn|Волкова|1973|pp=154–155}}{{sfn|Богуславский|2004|page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=6OaOaYo6J7oC&q=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%8B 538]}} The earliest mention of Kalkans can be found in 1590 article list of knyaz of Zvenigorod and diak of Torkh, when the Kolkans attacked Russian ambassador army.{{sfn|Белокуров|1889|page=222}}{{sfn|Кушева|1963|page=65}}{{sfn|Волкова|1973|page=154}}
| class="wikitable"
|+ Historical mentions | |||
| Name | Source | Date | {{abbr|Refs|References}} |
|---|---|---|---|
| Kolkans | Article list | 1590 | {{sfn|Белокуров|1889|page=222}}{{sfn|Кушева|1963|page=65}}{{sfn|Волкова|1973|page=154}} |
| Kalkans | Document | 1604 | {{sfn|Кушева|1963|page=66}} |
| Kalkan mountains | Document | 1604 | {{sfn|Кушева|1963|page=66}} |
| Kalkan kabaks | Document | 1614 | {{sfn|Кушева|1963|page=66}} |
| Kalkan mountain lands | Reportage | 1619 | {{sfn|Волкова|1973|page=154}} |
| Kolkan lands | {{transliteration|ru|Chelobitnaya}} of Okoks | 1621 | {{sfn|Кушева|1963|page=61}} |
| Kolkan lands | Reportage of 2 Kabardian {{transliteration|ru|knyazes}} | 1621 | {{sfn|Кушева|1963|page=62}} |
| Kalkani | Document | 1637 | {{sfn|Кушева|1963|page=66}} |
References
{{reflist}}
Bibliography
- {{Cite book|last=Волкова|first=Н. Г.|year=1973|url=https://dzurdzuki.com/download/volkova-n-g-etnonimy-i-plemennye-nazvaniya-severnogo-kavkaza-1973-god/|title=Этнонимы и племенные названия Северного Кавказа|trans-title=Ethnonyms and tribal names of the North Caucasus|language=ru|location=Москва|publisher=Наука|pages=1–210|isbn=}}
- {{Cite book|last=Богуславский|first=В. В.|year=2004|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6OaOaYo6J7oC|title=Славянская энциклопедия: XVII век|trans-title=Slavic Encyclopedia: XVII century|language=ru|volume=1|location=Москва|publisher=Олма-Пресс|pages=1–782|isbn=5224036593}}
- {{Cite book|last=Кушева|first=Е. Н.|year=1963|url=https://dzurdzuki.com/download/kusheva-e-n-narody-severnogo-kavkaza-i-ih-svyazi-s-rossiej-1963/|title=Народы Северного Кавказа и их связи с Россией (вторая половина XVI — 30-е годы XVII века)|trans-title=The peoples of the North Caucasus and their relations with Russia (the second half of the 16th - 30s of the 17th century)|language=ru|location=Москва|publisher=Издательство Академии наук СССР|pages=1–370}}
- {{Cite book|last=Белокуров|first=М. А.|year=1889|url=https://runivers.ru/bookreader/book450958/#page/1/mode/1up|title=Сношения России с Кавказом. 1578-1613 гг..|trans-title=Relations between Russia and the Caucasus. 1578-1613|language=ru|edition=1st|location=Москва|publisher=Университетская типография, Страстной бульвар|pages=1–715}}