Kamula language

Kamula is spoken in two widely separated areas,{{rp|80}} including in Kamiyami village of the Wawoi Falls area in Bamu Rural LLG, Western Province, Papua New Guinea.{{cite web |url=https://www.ethnologue.com/country/PG/languages |title=Papua New Guinea languages |work=Ethnologue: Languages of the World |edition=22nd |editor1-last=Eberhard |editor1-first=David M. |editor2-last=Simons |editor2-first=Gary F. |editor3-last=Fennig |editor3-first=Charles D. |date=2019 |location=Dallas |publisher=SIL International}}

Routamaa (1994: 7) estimates that there are about 800 speakers of Kamula located in 3 villages in Western Province, with no dialectal differences reported.Routamaa, Judy. 1994. [https://pnglanguages.sil.org/resources/archives/31163 Kamula grammar essentials]. This is because the Kamula had originally lived in camps near Samokopa in the northern area, but a group had split off and moved to Wasapea in the south only around 50 years ago.Routamaa, Judy. 1997. [https://www.sil.org/resources/archives/31045 Orthography paper Kamula, Western province].{{rp|14}}

• Kesiki, at Wawoi Falls in Bamu Rural LLG (main village) ({{coord|-6.951833|142.654804|type:city_region:PG|name=Kasigi}})
• Samokopa in Bamu Rural LLG (one day's walk from Kesiki) ({{coord|-6.931064|142.746689|type:city_region:PG|name=Samakopa}})
• Wasapea (KamiyamiRoutamaa, Iska and Judy Routamaa. 1996. [https://www.sil.org/resources/archives/31075 Dialect survey report of the Kamula language, Western province].) in Gogodala Rural LLG (seven days' walk, or 90 km to the south of Kesiki) ({{coord|-7.889003|142.648998|type:city_region:PG|name=Wasapeya}}){{cite web |url=https://data.humdata.org/dataset/village-coordinates-lookup |title=Papua New Guinea Village Coordinates Lookup |author=United Nations in Papua New Guinea |work=Humanitarian Data Exchange |version=1.31.9 |date=2018}}

In the northern villages of Kesiki and Samokopa, Kamula children were reported as preferring to speak Doso over Kamula. A minority of Kamula people in the northern area also live in Dibiyaso-speaking villages, where they are multilingual in Kamula, Doso, and Dibiyaso. Kamula people in the southern village of Wasapea are also fluent in Gogodala.

The little data that exists for Kamula pronouns does not fit in with the neighboring East Strickland or Bosavi languages (though {{gcl|1sg}} nê likely reflects proto-TNG *na), so Kamula is best left as an unclassified language an independent branch of Trans–New Guinea pending further study.

Attested pronouns are {{gcl|1sg}} {{ipa|nɛ̃}}, {{gcl|2sg}} {{ipa|wɛ̃}}, and ̩{{gcl|pl}} {{ipa|diɛ}}.

Kamula phonology:Routamaa, Judy. 1995. [https://www.sil.org/resources/archives/31117 Kamula phonology essentials].

Kamula has 12 consonants.

Kamula has 7 vowels.

The following basic vocabulary words are from Dutton (2010),Dutton, Tom E. 2010. Reconstructing Proto Koiarian: The history of a Papuan language family. Canberra: Pacific Linguistics. Reesink (1976),Reesink, Ger. 1976. Languages of the Aramia River Area. Papers in New Guinea Linguistics No. 19. Canberra: Pacific Linguistics. and Shaw (1986),Shaw, R.D. "[http://dx.doi.org/10.15144/PL-A70.45 The Bosavi language family]". In Laycock, D., Seiler, W., Bruce, L., Chlenov, M., Shaw, R.D., Holzknecht, S., Scott, G., Nekitel, O., Wurm, S.A., Goldman, L. and Fingleton, J. editors, Papers in New Guinea Linguistics No. 24. A-70:45-76. Pacific Linguistics, The Australian National University, 1986. {{doi|10.15144/PL-A70.45}} as cited in the Trans-New Guinea database:{{Cite web |url=http://transnewguinea.org/language/kamula |title=TransNewGuinea.org - database of the languages of New Guinea |last=Greenhill |first=Simon |date=2016| access-date=2020-11-05}}

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{{Reflist}}

{{Malcolm Ross Pronouns}}

• [http://transnewguinea.org/language/kamula TransNewGuinea.org database]

{{Papuan languages}}

Category:Kamula–Elevala languages

Category:Languages of Western Province (Papua New Guinea)