Karakalpak rebellion
{{Infobox military conflict
| conflict = Abd al-Ghaffar's rebellion
| partof =
| image =
| image_size =
| place = Kazakh Khanate, Syrdarya
| territory =
| result = Uprising suppressed
| combatant1 = Kazakh Khanate
| combatant2 = Karakalpaks
| commander1 = Yesim Khan
Batyr Khan
| commander2 = {{ill|False-Abd al-Ghaffar|ru|Абд ал-Гаффар}}{{KIA}}
}}
Abd al-Ghaffar's rebellion — the uprising of the Karakalpaks, led by their proclaimed ruler “False-Abd al-Ghaffar Sultan”, against the Kazakh Khanate.
Background
{{Main|Kazakh invasion of Northern Bukhara}}
The new ruler of the Kazakhs was Yeshim, the brother of Tawakkul. He chose not to continue the war and agreed to peace, which the representatives of the Bukharan Khan had persistently sought. As a result of the negotiations, Pir-Muhammad ceded Tashkent, Sayram, and Turkestan to Yeshim but retained the ancient capital of Mawarannahr—Samarkand.{{Sfn|Temirgaliev|2013|p=196}}
Uprising
Among the political rivals of Yeshim Khan, sources particularly highlight two sultans — the impostor Abd al-Ghaffar and Tursun-Muhammad. The story of the first is described in the work Musakhkhir al-bilad by Muhammad-Yar ibn Arab Katagan. The events he describes took place after the death of Shibanid Abdullah and his successor Abd al-Mumin, during the reign of Janid Baki-Muhammad in Mawarannahr and Yeshim Khan in Kazakhstan.
In the autumn of 1603, corresponding to the Year of the Leopard, the Karakalpaks in Turkestan enthroned a man, proclaiming him Abd al-Ghaffar Sultan—allegedly the son of Shibanid Baba Sultan. In response, Yeshim Khan, Bahadur Sultan, and other Kazakh sultans gathered an army and marched from Tashkent and Sayram to confront the impostor. The battle lasted twelve days, but on the thirteenth day, the Kazakh army suffered defeat. As a result, the impostor Abd al-Ghaffar Sultan seized Turkestan, Sayram, Tashkent, Ahsikent, and Andijan, making Tashkent his capital.{{Sfn|Sultanov|2006|p=215}}
Battle of Karakamysh
{{Main|Battle of Kara-Kamysh}}
In the spring of 1605, the Year of the Hare, he left Tashkent and set up camp in the clearing of Kara-Kamysh,{{Sfn|Temirgaliev|2013|p=198}} about three to four kilometers from the city gates. At the same time, Yeshim and Bahadur, who had marched with their army from Ala-Tag to fight the impostor Abd al-Ghaffar, approached the outskirts of Tashkent. They captured a prisoner who revealed important information.
Learning about the situation of the impostor Abd al-Ghaffar, Yeshim and Bahadur launched a sudden attack on the camp in Kara-Kamysh at dawn. The impostor was still asleep. Awakened by the sound of galloping horses, he ran out of his tent in fear. At that moment, Yeshim Khan appeared and pierced his stomach with a massive saber.{{Sfn|Sultanov|2006|p=215}} Yeshim Khan defeated Abd al-Ghaffar, after which the Kazakhs regained control over the Syr Darya cities, Tashkent, and Fergana.{{Sfn|Akimbekov|2016|p=749}}
Reference
{{reflist}}
Bibliography
- {{Cite book |last=Temirgaliev |first=R. |title=Ак-орда. История Казахского ханства |date=2013 |isbn=978-601-80213-1-2 |location=Almaty |language=ru}}
- {{Cite book |last=Sultanov |first=T. I. |title=Поднятые на белой кошме. Ханы Казахских степей |date=2006 |publisher=Астана-Даму-21 |isbn=9965-9522-8-0 |location=Almaty |language=ru}}
- {{Cite book |last=Akimbekov |first=S. M. |title=История степей:феномен государства Чингисхана в истории Евразии |date=2016 |publisher=Институт Азиатских исследований |isbn=978-601-7550-01-1 |location=Almaty |language=ru}}
Recommendation of literature
- {{Cite book |last=Atygaev |first=N. |title=Казахское ханство: очерки внешнеполитической истории XV-XVII веков |date=2023 |publisher=Евразийский научно-исследовательский институт МКТУ им. Х.А. Ясави |isbn=978-601-7805-24-1 |location=Almaty |language=ru}}