Karlodinium armiger
{{Short description|Species of single-celled organism}}
{{Speciesbox
| image =
| genus = Karlodinium
| species = armiger
| authority = Bergholtz, Daugbjerg & Moestrup
}}
Karlodinium armiger is a species of dinoflagellates belonging to the family Kareniaceae.{{cite web |title=Karlodinium armiger Bergholtz, Daugbjerg & Moestrup 2006 :: Algaebase |url=https://www.algaebase.org/search/species/detail/?species_id=129194 |website=www.algaebase.org |access-date=24 January 2021}} It was first isolated from the Mediterranean sea & described in 2006.{{cite journal | last1=Bergholtz | first1=Trine | last2=Daugbjerg | first2=Niels | last3=Moestrup | first3=Ojvind | last4=Fernandez-Tejedor | first4=Margarita | title=On the Identity of Karlodinium Veneficum and Description of Karlodinium armiger sp. nov. (Dinophyceae), Based on Light and Electron Microscopy, Nuclear-Encoded Lsu Rdna, and Pigment Composition1 | journal=Journal of Phycology | publisher=Wiley | volume=42 | issue=1 | year=2006 | issn=0022-3646 | doi=10.1111/j.1529-8817.2006.00172.x | pages=170–193| bibcode=2006JPcgy..42..170B | s2cid=53620395 }}{{cite journal | last1=Garcés | first1=Esther | last2=Fernandez | first2=Margarita | last3=Penna | first3=Antonella | last4=Van Lenning | first4=Kees | last5=Gutierrez | first5=Andrés | last6=Camp | first6=Jordi | last7=Zapata | first7=Manuel | title=Characterization of Nw Mediterranean Karlodinium SPP. (Dinophyceae) Strains Using Morphological, Molecular, Chemical, and Physiological Methodologies | journal=Journal of Phycology | publisher=Wiley | volume=42 | issue=5 | year=2006 | issn=0022-3646 | doi=10.1111/j.1529-8817.2006.00270.x | pages=1096–1112| bibcode=2006JPcgy..42.1096G | hdl=11576/1884792 | s2cid=84085728 }}
It is a producer of karmitoxin, a toxin structurally related to amphidinols and karlotoxins; however karmitoxin also contains the longest carbon−carbon backbone known for this compound class, and an unusual primary amino group.{{cite journal | last1=Rasmussen | first1=Silas Anselm | last2=Binzer | first2=Sofie Bjørnholt | last3=Hoeck | first3=Casper | last4=Meier | first4=Sebastian | last5=de Medeiros | first5=Livia Soman | last6=Andersen | first6=Nikolaj Gedsted | last7=Place | first7=Allen | last8=Nielsen | first8=Kristian Fog | last9=Hansen | first9=Per Juel | last10=Larsen | first10=Thomas Ostenfeld | title=Karmitoxin: An Amine-Containing Polyhydroxy-Polyene Toxin from the Marine Dinoflagellate Karlodinium armiger | journal=Journal of Natural Products | publisher=American Chemical Society (ACS) | volume=80 | issue=5 | date=2017-04-05 | issn=0163-3864 | doi=10.1021/acs.jnatprod.6b00860 | pages=1287–1293| pmid=28379705 | pmc=6446557 }}
It has a spherical shape with a diameter of about 15 μm.{{cite journal | last1=Xu | first1=Jiayi | last2=Kiørboe | first2=Thomas | title=Toxic dinoflagellates produce true grazer deterrents | journal=Ecology | publisher=Wiley | volume=99 | issue=10 | date=2018-08-15 | issn=0012-9658 | doi=10.1002/ecy.2479 | pages=2240–2249| pmid=30110126 | bibcode=2018Ecol...99.2240X | s2cid=52003865 | url=https://backend.orbit.dtu.dk/ws/files/152458535/Publishers_version.pdf }} Under optimal conditions with supplemented NH4+, it has a division rate of ~0.3 times per day.