Karuk Tribe
{{Short description|Native American Tribe in California, United States}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2023}}
{{Infobox ethnic group
| group = Karuk Tribe
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| flag =
| flag_caption = Tribal Flag
| image = 250px
| caption = Karuk language distribution
| population = 4,800 enrolled members[http://library.sdsu.edu/guides/sub2.php?id=195&pg=194 "Karuk Indians."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150706185302/http://library.sdsu.edu/guides/sub2.php?id=195&pg=194 |date=6 July 2015 }} SDSU: California Indians and Their Reservations. 30 July 2013.
| popplace = {{Flag|United States}} ({{Flag|California}})
| rels = traditional tribal religion, Christianity
| related = other Karuk people
}}
The Karuk Tribe is a [[Federally recognized tribes|federally
recognized Indian tribe]] of Karuk people.Pritzker 428 They are an indigenous people of California, located in the northwestern corner of the state, in Humboldt and Siskiyou counties. The Karuk Tribe is one of the largest Indian tribes in California.
As a government organization, the Karuk Tribe of California has demonstrated its ability to administer a multitude of social, cultural, and economic programs effectively, earning the status of a "Self-Governance Tribe." The Tribal government currently employs more than 100 people in administrative, child welfare, community/economic development, education, elders, energy assistance, health, housing, human services, and natural resources programs. In little more than a decade, the Karuk Tribe has developed housing divisions, health clinics, and Head Start programs in Orleans, Happy Camp, and Yreka, its three major population centers. Through the tribally-chartered Karuk Community Development Corporation, the Karuk Tribe also has administered salmon fisheries enhancement projects, acquired and expanded a retail business, planned a small manufacturing plant, assisted a number of local people in starting small business enterprises, and staffed Workforce Development personnel at Community Computer Centers in Orleans, Happy Camp, and Yreka.{{cn|date=February 2025}}
Land
File:1750R Karuk Reservation Locator Map.svg
The Karuk do not have a legally designated reservation but do have a number of small tracts held in trust by the federal government as well as tracts owned by the tribe in fee-simple status.{{Cn|date=October 2024}} These small non-contiguous parcels of land are primarily located along the Klamath River in western Siskiyou County and northeastern Humboldt County in California. The total land area of these parcels is {{Convert|2.908|km2|sqmi acres}}. A resident population of 498 persons was reported in the 2020 census.{{Cite web |last=Center for New Media & Promotion (CNMP) |first=US Census Bureau |title=My Tribal Area |url=https://www.census.gov/tribal/?aianihh=1750 |access-date=2024-06-10 |website=www.census.gov |language=EN-US}} There are also a number of tracts located within the city of Yreka.
Government
The Karuk are headquartered in Happy Camp, California, governed by a nine-member council. As of 2024, it comprises:{{Cite web|url=http://www.karuk.us/index.php/council|title=Karuk Tribal Council|website=Karuk Tribe|access-date=2016-06-26}}
- Chairman: Russell "Buster" Attebery
- Vice-chairman: Kenneth Brink
- Secretary/Treasurer: Scott Quinn
- Member-at-large: Eli Hensher-Aubrey
- Member-at-large: Arch Super
- Member-at-large: Jennifer Goodwin
- Member-at-large: Arron "Troy" Hockaday
- Member-at-large: Kristen King
- Member-at-large: vacant
Language
The Karuk people speak the Karuk language, a language isolate. Karuk has been proposed as belonging to the Hokan language family.{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20011214114813/http://www.fourdir.com/karuk.htm "Karuk."]}} Four Directions Institute. Retrieved 30 July 2013. The tribe has an active language revitalization program.{{cite web |url=https://lithub.com/language-keepers-on-the-fight-to-save-the-karuk-language/ |title=Language Keepers: On the Fight to Save the Karuk Language |date=21 September 2020 |publisher=Emergence Magazine |access-date=5 January 2022}}{{cite book |last1=Rogers |first1=Chris |last2=Palossari |first2=Naomi |last3=Campbell |first3=Lyle |editor=Christopher Moseley |title=Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger |url=https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000187026 |access-date=5 January 2022 |edition=3rd |year=2010 |publisher=UNESCO |isbn=9789231040962 |pages=108–112 |chapter=United States of America}} With fewer than twelve active full-time speakers alive as of 2015, Karuk (also known as Karok, Quoratem, Charoc, and Quoratean) is considered to be a severely endangered language according to the Endangered Languages Project.{{cite web |url=https://www.endangeredlanguages.com/lang/2297 |title=Karuk [aka Karok, Karuk, Quoratem] |website=ELP: Endangered Languages Project |access-date=5 January 2022}}{{cite book| last1=Golla |first1=Victor |last2=Goddard |first2=Ives |last3=Campbell |first3=Lyle |last4=Mithun |first4=Marianne |last5=Mixco |first5=Mauricio |editor= Chris Moseley and Ron Asher |title=Atlas of the World's Languages |edition=2nd |publisher=Routledge |year=2007 |isbn=9781315829845 |pages=7–41 |chapter=North America}} Field recordings, primary texts, lexical resources, language descriptions, and other resources about the language have been archived by the University of California, Berkeley California Language Archive.{{cite web| url=http://www.language-archives.org/language/kyh |title=OLAC resources in and about the Karok language |access-date=5 January 2022}}
Business
The tribe operates the Rain Rock Casino in Yreka, California.[http://500nations.com/casinos/caYrekaCasino.asp "Karuk Casino Yreka."] 500 Nations. Retrieved 30 July 2013.
The People's Center in Happy Camp is the tribe's museum and cultural center. The {{convert |5,000|sqft||adj=mid| building}} has a changing gallery, museum store, classroom, library, office for the language program, and archives and collections storage.[http://www.karuk.us/peoples%20center/peoples%20center.php "Welcome to the People's Center."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130708104659/http://karuk.us/peoples%20center/peoples%20center.php |date=8 July 2013 }}Karuk Tribe. Retrieved 30 July 2013.
A tribally owned Internet service provider, Áan Chúuphan ("talking line"), installed fiber optic cable to provide Internet and cell service in the tribal center of Orleans. As of 2018, satellite internet access remains the only option for many residents.{{Cite news|url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/americans-who-dont-have-internet/|title=What It's Like to Live in America Without Broadband Internet|last=Rogers|first=Kaleigh|date=2018-04-16|work=Motherboard|access-date=2018-04-18|language=en-us}}
Notes
{{reflist}}
References
- Pritzker, Barry M. A Native American Encyclopedia: History, Culture, and Peoples. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000. {{ISBN|978-0-19-513877-1}}
External links
- [https://www.karuk.us/ Karuk Tribe], official website
- [https://www.fs.usda.gov/detail/klamath/workingtogether/tribalrelations/?cid=fsm8_049849 Traditional Karuk Ceremonial Activity on the Klamath River], USDA Forest Service
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Category:Federally recognized tribes in the United States
Category:Native American tribes in California