Kasplya
{{Infobox river
| name = Kasplya
| native_name ={{native name|ru|Каспля}}
| image =
| image_caption =
| source1_coordinates= {{coord|54|59|N|31|38|E|region:RU-TVE_type:waterbody_source:kolossus-frwiki}}
| mouth = Daugava (Western Dvina)
| mouth_coordinates = {{coord|55.4086|30.7187|type:river_region:BY|display=it}}
| progression = {{RDaugava}}
| subdivision_type1 = Country
| subdivision_name1 = Russia, Belarus
| source1_elevation =
| discharge1_avg = {{convert|36.9|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}}{{cite book|title=Каспля|url=http://bse.sci-lib.com/article059732.html|publisher=Great Soviet Encyclopedia}}
| basin_size_km2 = 5410|basin_size_ref=
}}
The Kasplya (Belarusian and {{langx|ru|Каспля}}) is a river in Smolensky, Demidovsky, and Rudnyansky Districts of Smolensk Oblast of Russia and in Vitebsk Region of northern Belarus. It is a major left-bank tributary of the Daugava. Of its total length of {{convert|136|km|mi}}, the first {{convert|116|km|mi}} are in Russia, and the rest in Belarus.{{cite web|url=http://www.fishtour.by/lakes.php?id=248|title=Каспля|publisher=fishtour.by|language=Russian|accessdate=26 January 2017}} It joins the Daugava in the urban-type settlement of Surazh. The town of Demidov is situated on the Kasplya.
The Kasplya originates from Lake Kasplya in Smolensky District. It flows north, crosses the border with Demidovsky District and turns northwest. It flows through Demidov, and next to the selo of Boroda turns west, crosses Rudnyansky District and enters Belarus. There, it turns northwest again and enters the Daugava.
During the Viking Age, the river was an important part of the Dnieper trade route, as there was a portage from the Kasplya to the Dnieper tributaries entering the Dnieper near Gnezdovo.{{cite web|url=http://kasplya.smol-ray.ru/istoricheskaya-spravka/|title=Историческая справка|publisher=Kasplya Rural Settlement administration|language=Russian|accessdate=3 February 2017|archive-date=15 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170515032819/http://kasplya.smol-ray.ru/istoricheskaya-spravka/|url-status=dead}}