Kassonke language
{{Short description|Manding language of Mali and Senegal}}
{{Infobox language
|name=Kassonke
|nativename={{lang|kao|Xaasongaxango}}
|altname=Western Maninka
|states=Mali
|speakers={{sigfig|2.511|2}} million
|date=2009–2022
|ref=e25
|familycolor=Niger-Congo
|fam1=Niger–Congo ?
|fam2=Mande
|fam3=Western Mande
|fam4=Manding
|fam5=West Manding
|minority=Mali
|lc1=kao|ld1=Kassonke
|lc2=mlq|ld2=Western Malinke (Malinka)
|glotto=xaas1235
|glottoname=Xaasongaxango
|glotto2=west2500
|glottoname2=Western Maninkakan
}}
The Kassonke (Khassonké) language, Xaasongaxango (Xasonga), or Western Maninka (Malinke), is a Manding language spoken by the Khassonké and Malinke of western Mali and by the Malinke of eastern Senegal. Kassonke is an official language in Mali. Western and Eastern Maninka are 90% mutually intelligible, though distinct from the Mandinka (Malinke) of southern Senegal, which is a national language there.
Phonology
= Consonants =
| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center" |
| colspan="2" |
! Labial ! Alveolar ! Palatal ! Velar ! Glottal |
|---|
| colspan="2" | Nasal
| {{IPA link|m}} | {{IPA link|n}} | {{IPA link|ɲ}} | {{IPA link|ŋ}} | | |
| rowspan="2" | Stop
! {{small|voiceless}} | {{IPA link|p}} | {{IPA link|t}} | {{IPA link|c}} | {{IPA link|k}} |{{IPA link|q}} | |
| {{small|voiced}}
| {{IPA link|b}} | {{IPA link|d}} | {{IPA link|ɟ}} | {{IPA link|ɡ}} | | |
| colspan="2" | Fricative
| {{IPA link|f}} | {{IPA link|s}} | |{{IPA link|x}} | | {{IPA link|h}} |
| colspan="2" | Trill
| | {{IPA link|r}} | | | | |
| colspan="2" |Lateral
| |{{IPA link|l}} | | | | |
| colspan="2" | Approximant
| | | {{IPA link|j}} | {{IPA link|w}} | | |
= Vowels =
See also
References
{{reflist}}
Further reading
- {{cite journal |last=Koite-Herschel |first=Ute |title=La translation du constituent verbal: le cas du xasonga |journal=Mandenkan |volume=2 |date=Autumn 1981 |pages=3–16 |url=https://llacan.cnrs.fr/PDF/Mandenkan2/Koite-Herschel02.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220107015452/https://llacan.cnrs.fr/PDF/Mandenkan2/Koite-Herschel02.pdf |archive-date=2022-01-07}}
- {{cite report |last=Sullivan |first=Terrence D. |year=2004 |title=A preliminary report of existing information on the Manding languages of West Africa: summary and suggestions for future research |series=SIL Electronic Survey Reports |volume=2004-005 |url=https://www.sil.org/resources/publications/entry/9088}}
{{Languages of the Gambia}}
{{Languages of Mali}}
{{Languages of Senegal}}
{{Mande languages}}
{{Authority control}}
Category:Languages of the Gambia
{{Mande-lang-stub}}