Kawade Shibatarō

File:菊紋楓枝文七宝瓶 （一対）-Imperial Presentation Vase with Maple Branches and Imperial Chrysanthemum Crest (one of a pair) MET DP270166.jpg, standard and repoussé cloisonné enamel with silver wires and rims, by Kawade Shibatarō and Ando Cloisonné Company (c. 1906)]]

File:Box by Shibataro Kawada (1856-c.1921) - Japanese Cloisonné Collection - George Walter Vincent Smith Art Museum - DSC03746.JPG

Kawade came to prominence during the "Golden Age" of Japanese cloisonné in the late Meiji era. This was a time of experimentation and technical innovation, when Japanese artists produced works more advanced than had been achieved before, which could not be replicated with modern techniques.{{sfn|Earle|1999|p=252}} During the 1880s he ran his own workshop and also worked for the Ando Cloisonné Company in Nagoya. In 1902 he became the head of the company, succeeding Kaji Satarō.{{Cite web|title=Kawade Shibatarō {{!}} Imperial Presentation Vase with Maple Branches and Imperial Chrysanthemum Crest (one of a pair)|url=https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/60501|access-date=16 July 2020|website=www.metmuseum.org|publisher=Metropolitan Museum of Art}}

Along with Hattori Tadasaburō, Kawade developed the {{lang|ja-latn|moriage}} ({{lang|ja|盛上七宝}} "piling up") technique which places layers of enamel upon each other to create a three-dimensional effect,{{Cite web|last=Khalili|first=Nasser D.|author-link=Nasser Khalili|title=In a way all my work is founded on Japanese art …|url=https://www.guimet.fr/editorial/in-a-way-all-my-work-is-founded-on-japanese-art/|website=guimet.fr|publisher=Guimet Museum}}{{Cite book|last=Irvine|first=Gregory|title=Japonisme and the rise of the modern art movement : the arts of the Meiji period : the Khalili collection|publisher=Thames & Hudson|year=2013|isbn=978-0-500-23913-1|location=New York|pages=181|oclc=853452453}} often used in depicting flowers or blossoms.{{Cite book|last=Benjamin|first=Susan|title=Enamels|publisher=Cooper-Hewitt Museum|year=1983|location=New York|pages=48|oclc=56226375}} Another technique he invented was {{lang|ja-latn|nagare-gusuri}} (drip-glaze), which produces a rainbow-coloured glaze.{{sfn|Harada|1911|p=281}} In 1902, he was the first Japanese artist to use the {{lang|ja-latn|uchidashi}} ({{lang|fr|repoussé}}) technique, in which the metal foundation is hammered outwards to create a relief effect.{{sfn|Harada|1911|pp=273, 281}} He also used the new {{lang|fr|plique-à-jour}} technique ({{lang|ja-latn|shōtai-jippō}} {{lang|ja|省胎七宝 }}in Japanese) which creates panels of transparent or semi-transparent enamel. Enamel {{lang|fr|cloisons}}, linked by wires, are prepared on a copper surface which is then burned away with acid while the enamel itself is protected by lacquer. This was invented in France and came to Japan when Ando Jubei, one of the founders of the Ando Cloisonné Company, bought an enamel by André Fernand Thesmar at the Paris Exposition of 1900.{{Cite web|title=Ashmolean − Eastern Art Online, Yousef Jameel Centre for Islamic and Asian Art|url=http://jameelcentre.ashmolean.org/collection/7/10227/10247/all/per_page/25/offset/25/sort_by/date/object/12153|access-date=16 July 2020|website=jameelcentre.ashmolean.org|publisher=Ashmolean Museum, University of Oxford|language=en}} Kawade analysed this piece to replicate and then further develop the technique.

In 1911 the art historian Jiro Harada wrote that Kawade was

deservedly considered the greatest enamel expert in the manufacture of {{lang|ja-latn|shippo}} at the present time. [...] He has been engaged in the {{lang|ja-latn|shippo}} industry for the last forty years, and the advantage of his scientific knowledge and his indefatigable devotion to the work have enabled him to invent new colours in enamels.{{sfn|Harada|1911|p=281}}{{Cite journal|last=Schneider|first=Fredric T.|date=2013|title=The contemporary enamel artistry of Takeyama Naoki|journal=Glass on Metal|volume=32|issue=1}}

Kawade exhibited works at the World's Columbian Exposition of 1893 in Chicago,{{sfn|Earle|1999|p=233}}[https://archive.org/details/worldscolumbian00worlb/page/156/mode/2up?q=Kawade+Shibatar%C5%8D World's Columbian Exposition, 1893 : official catalogue. Part X. Department K. Fine arts] via Internet Archive at Japan's fifth National Industrial Exposition in 1903, at the Louisiana Purchase Exposition of 1904,[https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_xWwEAAAAYAAJ/page/n71/mode/2up The exhibition of the Empire of Japan, official catalogue, 1904, p. 54] via Internet Archive at the Universal and International Exposition in Liège in 1905,{{sfn|Earle|1999|p=302}} and at the Japan-British Exhibition of 1910 in London.{{sfn|Earle|1999|p=291}}[https://archive.org/details/illustratedcatal00japa/page/6/mode/2up An illustrated catalogue of Japanese modern fine arts displayed at the Japan-British exhibition, London 1910, p. 7] via Internet Archive He won a gold medal at the Panama–Pacific International Exposition of 1915 in San Francisco.[https://archive.org/details/officialcatalogu1915pana/page/10/mode/2up Official catalogue of the Department of Fine Arts, Panama–Pacific International Exposition (with awards) San Francisco, California, 1915] via Internet Archive

The Ando Cloisonné Company was chosen as a supplier of art for the Imperial family and as such was commissioned to make works, bearing the Imperial chrysanthemum seal, that the family could present as gifts. One such work, executed by Kawade in 1906, was a pair of vases presented by the Emperor to the American cartoonist Henry Mayer, thanking him for cartoons on the Russo-Japanese War published in The New York Times.

He is considered one of the four great masters of Japanese cloisonné, along with Namikawa Yasuyuki, Namikawa Sosuke and Hayashi Kodenji.{{Cite web|date=5 November 2017|title=Polished to Perfection|url=https://asianartnewspaper.com/polished-to-perfection/|access-date=16 July 2020|website=Asian Art Newspaper|issn=1475-1372}}

Outside of Japan his works are in collections including the Metropolitan Museum of Art, the George Walter Vincent Smith Art Museum, the Los Angeles County Museum of Art,{{Cite web|title=Kawade Shibatarō {{!}} LACMA Collections|url=https://collections.lacma.org/node/593367|access-date=16 July 2020|website=collections.lacma.org}} and the Khalili Collection of Japanese Art of the Meiji Era.

File:Khalili Collection Japanese Meiji Art E28.jpg|Vase using moriage shippō ({{lang|ja|盛上七宝}}) technique to raise the plum blossom and branches (c. 1905)

File:Japanese cloisonne type Gintai shippo.jpg|Detail of a vase with design of peacock feathers in gintai shippō ({{lang|ja|銀胎七宝}}) silver enamel

File:Vase de Kawade Shibataro (Musée Guimet, Paris) (44140154660).jpg|Vase depicting Mount Fuji (c. 1910)

{{reflist|group=notes}}

{{Reflist}}

• {{Cite book|title=Splendors of Meiji : treasures of imperial Japan : masterpieces from the Khalili Collection|last=Earle|first=Joe|publisher=Broughton International Inc|year=1999|isbn=1874780137|location=St. Petersburg, Fla.|oclc=42476594}}
• {{Cite journal|last=Harada|first=Jiro|date=1911|title=Japanese Art & Artists of To-day VI. Cloisonné Enamels

|url=https://archive.org/details/studiointernatio53lond/page/270/mode/2up|journal=The Studio|volume=53|pages=271–286|via=Internet Archive}}

• {{cite journal|last=Goodall |first=Hollis |url=https://www.societyforjapanesearts.org/andon-archive/andon-97 |title=The 'Greater Taishō' Era: a Boiling Cultural Stew. |journal=Andon |volume=97| date=2014| pages= 7–18|publisher= Society for Japanese Art}}

{{commons category-inline}}

• [https://ginza-shinseido.com/blog/2020/06/18/%E5%B7%9D%E5%87%BA%E6%9F%B4%E5%A4%AA%E9%83%8E-%E8%8A%B1%E5%9B%B3-%E8%8A%B1%E7%93%B6/ 川出柴太郎，安藤七宝，東京，銀座 | 銀座 真生堂]
• [https://www.tobunken.go.jp/materials/gahou/213579.html 川出柴太郎　銅七宝仏手柑図花瓶 :: 東文研アーカイブデータベース]
• [https://www.tobunken.go.jp/materials/gahou/213312.html 川出柴太郎　銅七宝紫蘭盛上花瓶 :: 東文研アーカイブデータベース]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Shibataro, Kawade}}

Category:1856 births

Category:1921 deaths

Category:Japanese enamellers