Kawishana language

{{Short description|Extinct Arawakan language of Brazil}}{{More citations needed|date=July 2024}}{{Infobox language

| name = Cawishana

| nativename = Kaixana

| states = Brazil

| ref = {{Citation |last=Crevels |first=Mily |title=Language endangerment in South America: The clock is ticking |date=2012-01-13 |work=The Indigenous Languages of South America |pages=167–234 |editor-last=Campbell |editor-first=Lyle |url=https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/9783110258035.167/html |access-date=2025-02-01 |publisher=DE GRUYTER |doi=10.1515/9783110258035.167 |isbn=978-3-11-025513-3 |editor2-last=Grondona |editor2-first=Verónica|url-access=subscription }}

| familycolor = arawakan

| fam1 = Arawakan

| fam2 = Northern

| fam3 = Upper Amazon

| fam4 = Manao

| iso3 = none

| linglist = qsw

| glotto = kais1242

| glottorefname = Kaishana

| speakers2 =

| lingname = Kawishana

| linglist2 = 08c

| lingname2 = Kaixana

| speakers = 1

| date = 2012

}}

Kawishana (Cawishana, Kayuwishana){{Cite book |last=Campbell |first=Lyle |title=American Indian languages: The historical linguistics of Native America |date=1997 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=0-19-509427-1 |pages=180}} is an Arawakan language, nearly extinct, of Brazil. A few speakers were reported in the 1950s, and today, as of 2012, only one person can speak it.

Classification

Aikhenvald (1999) classifies it as a Middle Rio Negro, North Amazonian language, along with Shiriana and Manao.

Kaufman (1994) had placed it in a branch of Western Nawiki Upper Amazonian along with two long-extinct languages, Jumana (Yumana) and Pasé, which Aikhenvald leaves unclassified. It had an active–stative syntax.

Ruhlen (1987) classified it as a Rio Negro language, along with Yumana, Pasé and Manao.{{Cite book |last=Ruhlen |first=Merritt |title=A Guide to the World's Languages |date=1987 |publisher=Edward Arnold |isbn=0-7131-6503-0 |pages=374}}

References

{{Reflist}}

{{Languages of Brazil}}

{{Arawakan languages}}

Category:Languages of Brazil

Category:Arawakan languages

Category:Extinct languages of South America

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