Kees Schouhamer Immink

In the book "Natlab Nursery of ASML, NXP and the CD" https://metadata.isbn.nl/806300/natlab.html by authors Paul van Gerven and René Raaijmakers a section is devoted to the contribution of Schouhamer Immink. According to the authors of the book, the contribution of Schouhamer Immink is less than Schouhamer himself claims. The most remarkable revelation in the book is the unmasking of Kees Schouhamer Immink. He left the Natlab in 1998 with a bang and has since posed as the inventor of the compact disc. In the book, witnesses state that a business partner nominated Immink for this kind of prizes. Based on many interviews and archive material, the book "Natlab" also shows that the former Natlab researcher grossly exaggerates his contribution to the CD.

For the book "Natlab", a handful of researchers and research managers broke a silence that had lasted for years. They saw with dismay how Immink presented himself for years as the inventor of the CD and sketch a different reality. Their former colleague was only involved in the compact disc development at a late stage. In fact, the compact disc system was already functioning when he was called in. A dozen researchers who worked with Immink state that his contribution was not essentially different from that of colleagues. {{cite web | url=https://kivi.nl/nieuws/boek-over-philips-roemruchte-natlab | title=Boek over Philips' roemruchte Natlab | date=3 October 2016 }} {{cite web | url=https://bits-chips.com/article/kees-schouhamer-immink-de-ingenieur-die-de-wereld-voor-het-lapje-hield/ | title=Kees Schouhamer Immink, de ingenieur die de wereld voor het lapje hield - Bits&Chips | date=27 September 2016 }} {{cite web | url=https://www.nrc.nl/nieuws/2016/09/23/natlab-arrogant-en-dienstbaar-slagkracht-en-onmacht-4370589-a1523095 | title=Natlab: Arrogant én dienstbaar, slagkracht én onmacht | work=NRC | date=23 September 2016 | last1=Delft | first1=Dirk van }} {{cite web | url=https://bits-chips.com/article/twee-geniale-vondsten/ | title=Twee geniale vondsten - Bits&Chips | date=19 December 2014 }} {{cite web | url=https://retro.nrc.nl/W2/Nieuws/2000/04/28/Vp/02.html | title=Nieuwsselectie: Voorpagina }}

Immink obtained an Engineer's degree (Ir.) in electrical engineering (1974, cum laude) and a PhD degree (1985) from Eindhoven University of Technology on a thesis entitled Properties and Constructions of Binary Channel Codes.

{{cite web

|url=http://www.narcis.nl/publication/RecordID/oai%3Alibrary.tue.nl%3A196456/genre/doctoralthesis/uquery/schouhamer/id/1/Language/EN

|title=Properties and Constructions of Binary Channel Codes, PhD Thesis, 1985

|access-date=2014-06-17

|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150623205712/http://www.narcis.nl/publication/RecordID/oai%3Alibrary.tue.nl%3A196456/genre/doctoralthesis/uquery/schouhamer/id/1/Language/EN

|archive-date=2015-06-23

|url-status=dead

}}

Fresh from engineering school, in 1967, he joined Philips Research Labs in Eindhoven, where he spent thirty years in a fruitful association. The renowned physicist Hendrik Casimir was director of Philips Research till 1972. Immink described the atmosphere at that time: "We were able to conduct whatever research we found relevant, and had no pre-determined tasks; instead, we received full freedom and support of autonomous research. We went to work, not knowing that we would do that day. This view – or rather ambiguous view – on how research should be conducted, led to amazing inventions as a result. It was an innovation heaven".{{cite web

|url = http://www.baltanlaboratories.org/article/report/back-to-the-future:-natlab-&-the-history-of-electronic-music

|title = NatLab's History

|access-date = 27 November 2014

|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170430114850/http://baltanlaboratories.org/article/report/back-to-the-future%3A-natlab-%26-the-history-of-electronic-music

|archive-date = 30 April 2017

|url-status = dead

|df = dmy-all

}} Immink worked in various groups, and in 1974, he joined the research group Optics, where pioneering work was done on optical laserdisc systems. He contributed mainly to the electronics and servo technology of the video disc.{{US patent|4,286,318}} Control loop for videodisc.{{US patent|4,357,696}} Optical scanning apparatus with focussing system.{{US patent|4,193,091}} Optical videodisc read unit with tracking and focussing wobble In a joint effort, MCA and Philips brought the laserdisc system to the market. Laserdisc was first available in Atlanta in 1978, two years after the VHS and four years before the CD. The Laserdisc never managed a significant presence in market share. The Philips/MCA Laserdisc operation was not successful and discontinued in 1981.

Around 1976, Philips and Sony{{cite web

|url= http://www.aes.org/e-lib/browse.cfm?elib=2912

|title= A Long-Play Digital Audio Disk System

|date= March 1979

|access-date=2008-02-19

}} showed prototypes of digital audio disc players, which were based on optical videodisc technology. In the interview by Tekla Perry for the IEEE Spectrum, May 2017,{{Cite journal

|url= https://spectrum.ieee.org/kees-immink-the-man-who-put-compact-discs-on-track

|title= Kees Immink: The Man Who put the Compact Disc on Track

|first=Tekla |last=Perry

|journal=IEEE Spectrum |year=2017

|access-date=2017-06-21

}} Immink explains that he got involved in the CD project at the end of 1979 when Sony and Philips had decided to jointly settle on one design. Both Philips and Sony had shown prototype CD players to the press in 1978. The team at Philips, he says, "needed someone to do measurements of the two competing systems, the quality, how they coped with scratches, how they coped with imperfections of the disc. My job with the LaserDisc was finished, so I said, 'Sure, I could do it.'" Both Philips and Sony had come up with different rules for translating digital audio data to sequences of pits and lands. After a lot of experimentation, Immink improved the playing time by thirty percent by inventing a code that could better cope with the servo systems. The encoding system Immink devised came to be called eight-to-fourteen modulation (EFM).

Immink took part in the joint Sony–Philips task force, which developed the Compact Disc standard, the Red Book. He contributed to the EFM and CIRC coding schemes.{{US patent|4,501,000}}, EFM Patent, Compact Disc, CD-R, MiniDisc, 1985.{{US patent|4,477,903}} Error correction system, CIRC, 1984.

In the article, "Shannon, Beethoven, and the Compact Disc",{{Cite journal

|journal=IEEE Information Theory Society Newsletter

|volume=57

|date=2007

|title=Shannon, Beethoven, and the Compact Disc

|author=K. Schouhamer Immink

|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/322951358

|pages=42–46

|access-date=2018-02-05

}} Immink presents a historical review of the years leading up to the launch of the CD, and the various crucial decisions made. He refutes the urban legend that the compact disc's diameter was increased from 115 to 120 mm solely to hold the 74 minutes playing time of Beethoven's Ninth Symphony conducted by Wilhelm Furtwängler.{{Cite journal

|journal=Journal of the Audio Engineering Society

|volume=46

|issue=5

|date=1998

|title=Compact Disc Story

|author=K. Schouhamer Immink

|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/294484774

|pages=458–460

|access-date=2018-02-06

}} Commercial disputes also played a part.{{cite news|url=http://www.ferguscassidy.ie/ethos-23-Oct-2005.html |title=Great Lengths |last=Cassidy |first=Fergus |format=reprint |newspaper=Sunday Tribune |date=2005-10-23 |access-date=2007-12-21 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071222060145/http://www.ferguscassidy.ie/ethos-23-Oct-2005.html |archive-date=2007-12-22 }}{{Cite journal

|journal=Nature Electronics

|volume=1

|date=2018

|title=How we made the compact disc

|author=K. A. Schouhamer Immink

|author-link=Kees Schouhamer Immink

|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/324571504

|access-date=2018-04-16

|quote=An international collaboration between Philips and the Sony Corporation lead to the creation of the compact disc. The author explains how it came about

}}

After the CD standard was set in 1980, Immink and his co-workers conducted pioneering experiments with magneto-optical audio recording on pre-grooved discs.{{Cite journal

|journal=J. Audio Eng. Soc.

|volume=32

|date=1984

|title=Experiments Toward an Erasable Compact Disc

|author=K. Schouhamer Immink and J. Braat

|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/237764745

|pages=531–538

|access-date=2018-02-02

}} They also found a simple method to extend the analog videodisc standard with digital sound.{{cite web

|url=http://www.aes.org/e-lib/browse.cfm?elib=11765

|title=Digital audio modulation in the PAL and NTSC video disc formats, J. Audio Eng. Soc. vol. 32, pp. 883, 1984

|date=October 1983

|access-date=2008-02-21

}} The new systems were brought to market as MiniDisc and CD Video. Laserdiscs fabricated after 1984 have digitally encoded sound signals.

In 1993, Toshiba engineers developed the Super Density Disc, the successor of the Compact Disc. Immink was a member of the Philips and Sony task force, which developed a competing disc format, called MultiMedia CD. Immink created EFMPlus, a more efficient successor of EFM used in CD.{{Cite journal |title=EFMPlus: The Coding Format of the MultiMedia Compact Disc |journal=IEEE Trans. Consumer Electr. |volume=41 |issue=3 |page=491–497 |date=August 1995 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/3179483|doi=10.1109/30.468040 |last1=Immink |first1=K.A.S. }}{{US patent|5,696,505}}, EFMPlus Patent, DVD, DVD-RW, and SACD.{{Cite journal

|journal=SMPTE Journal

|date=1996

|title=The Digital Video Disc (DVD): System Requirements and Channel Coding

|author=K.A.S. Immink

|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/269859703

|pages=483–489

|access-date=2019-02-05

|doi=10.5594/J09550

}} The electronics industry feared a repeat of the format war between VHS and Betamax in the 1980s. IBM's president, Lou Gerstner, urged them to adopt Immink's EFMPlus coding scheme as EFM has a proven record.[http://dvdhub.blogspot.com/2007/07/blu-ray-vs-hd-dvd-state-of-division.html Blu-ray vs HD DVD: State of the Division.] In September 1995, an agreement was made among the major industries: Philips/Sony surrendered to Toshiba's SuperDensity Disc and Toshiba accepted the EFMPlus modulation. The DVD encompasses the sound-only Super Audio CD (SACD) and DVD-audio formats, developed independently by Sony and Toshiba, which are incompatible formats for delivering very high-fidelity audio content. SACD is in a format war with DVD-Audio, but neither has yet managed to replace audio CDs.

Immediately after the DVD standard was settled in 1996, Philips and Sony, disappointed after the DVD failure, decided to develop a next-generation blue-laser-based digital video recorder (DVR), which would be positioned as DVD's high-density successor. Philips and Sony set up a joint task force, where Immink and his co-workers developed DVRs, later called Blu-ray's, code design.{{US patent|6,225,921}}, Blu-ray base code.{{US patent|6,496,541}}, Blu-ray base code.{{US patent|6,545,615}}, Blu-ray base code.{{cite web

|url=http://www.pcworld.com/article/id,105534-page,1/article.html

|title=Sony Shows 'DVR-Blue' Prototype

|access-date=2008-02-25

|date=2000-10-11

|website=cdrinfo.com

|url-status=dead

|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080229014148/http://www.pcworld.com/article/id%2C105534-page%2C1/article.html

|archive-date=2008-02-29

}} In 2005, seven years after its design, the Blu-ray Disc was brought to market. In 2002, the DVD forum adopted an alternative format, the HD DVD.{{cite web

|url=http://www.theinquirer.net/en/inquirer/news/2003/11/28/dvd-forum-backs-toshiba-nec-format

|title=DVD Forum backs Toshiba-NEC format

|access-date=2008-02-21

|date=2003-11-28

|website=theinquirer.net

|url-status=unfit

|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070621131847/http://www.theinquirer.net/en/inquirer/news/2003/11/28/dvd-forum-backs-toshiba-nec-format

|archive-date=2007-06-21

}} The two resulting standards had significant differences that made each incompatible with the other. The blue-laser format war with Toshiba's HD DVD was settled in early 2008 when Toshiba withdrew their system effectively ending the high definition optical disc format war.

In 1985, Immink joined Philips's magnetic recording group, where he contributed to the design of coding technologies of the digital video tape recorder, DV{{cite journal

|title=Channel code with embedded pilot tracking tones for DVC-R, IEEE Trans. Consumer Electronics, vol. CE-41, no. 1, p. 180, 1995

|author=K. A. S. Immink and J. Kahlman

|doi=10.1109/30.370325

}}[https://www.smpte.org/about/awards-programs/progress-winners List of Winners SMPTE Progress Medal.] and the Digital Compact Cassette (DCC).{{US patent|4,620,311}}, DCC code.{{cite journal

|title=A Comparison of Rotary-and Stationary-Head Video Tape Recorders, IEEE Trans. Consumer Electr., vol. CE-42, p. 998, Nov. 1996

|author=K. A. S. Immink and G. van den Enden

|doi=10.1109/30.555805

}} The DCC was short-lived: introduced in 1992 and discontinued in 1996. The DV, launched in 1994, has become a popular tape standard for home and semi-professional video production.

In 1994, Immink was named a Philips' Research Fellow, the company’s pre-eminent technical distinction. He left Philips Research in 1998 after 30 years of service, and founded Turing Machines Inc., where he currently serves as its president. The small research institute has been successful in creating new coding technology and has been granted around ten US patents after a joint cooperation with the Korean electronics company LG.[http://www.turing-machines.com/indeximmink.html Immink's US patents.]

Immink has served in officer and board positions for a number of technical societies, government and academic organizations, including the Audio Engineering Society, IEEE, Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers, and several universities. He is a trustee of the Shannon Foundation, and was a governor of the IEEE Consumer Electronics and Information Theory Societies. He was on the governors board of the Audio Engineering Society for over 10 years, and was its president in 2002–2003.

• IEEE Medal of Honor, for pioneering contributions to video, audio, and data recording technology, including compact disc, DVD, and Blu-ray, 2017{{cite web|url=https://www.ieee.org/about/awards/bios/moh_recipients.html |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130415063345/http://www.ieee.org/about/awards/bios/moh_recipients.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=15 April 2013 |title=IEEE Medal of Honor 2017 |website=Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) }}
• Faraday Medal IET, 2015{{Cite web

|url=http://www.eurekamagazine.co.uk/design-engineering-news/iet-achievement-award-winners-announced/107983/

| title=IET Achievement Award winners announced, 2015

| date=10 February 2015

| access-date=15 October 2015 }}

• Lifetime achievement finalist, European Inventor Award, 2015{{Cite web

| url=http://www.epo.org/learning-events/european-inventor/finalists/2015/immink.html

| title=Finalist for the European Inventor Award, 2015

| access-date=19 May 2015 }}

• Eduard Rhein Technology Award, for contributions to the theory and practice of channel codes that enable efficient and reliable optical recording, and creative contributions to digital recording technology awarded by the Eduard Rhein Foundation (Germany, 2014).
• Honorary doctorate (dr.h.c.) from the University of Johannesburg, in recognition of the remarkable contributions he has made to intellectual and public life (South Africa, 2014){{cite web|title=Digital pioneer Prof Immink inspires UJ engineering graduates|url=http://www.uj.ac.za/EN/Newsroom/News/Pages/Digital-pioneer-Prof-Immink-inspires-UJ-engineering-graduates.aspx/|website=UJ Newsroom|access-date=16 June 2014}}
• Member Koninklijke Hollandsche Maatschappij der Wetenschappen, Haarlem, 2012.
• IEEE Chester Sall Consumer Electronics Award, For DC-free Multimode Code Design Using Novel Selection Criteria for Optical Recording Systems, (co-recipient with Jun Lee), 2011,

{{cite web|url=https://ctsoc.ieee.org/awards/sall.html|title=IEEE Chester Sall Award 2011 }}{{Cite journal

|journal=IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics

|volume=55

|issue=2

|date=2009

|title=DC-free Multimode Code Design Using Novel Selection Criteria for Optical Recording Systems

|author=J. Lee and K.A.S. Immink

|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/224567756

|pages=553–559

|access-date=2019-02-05

|doi=10.1109/TCE.2009.5174421

|s2cid=8633888

}}

• Foreign Associate of the National Academy of Engineering (USA, 2007){{Cite web

| url=http://www.nae.edu/File.aspx?id=43359

| title=Foreign Associates of the NAE, 2007

| access-date=29 July 2015 }}

• SMPTE Progress Medal awarded by the Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers, for the central role played in research and development of audio and video recording products (USA, 2004){{cite web

|url=http://www.smpte.org/resources/awards_program/progress_winners

|title=SMPTE Progress Medal Past Recipients

|access-date=2008-02-17

|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927224118/http://www.smpte.org/resources/awards_program/progress_winners

|archive-date=2007-09-27

|url-status=dead

}}

• IEEE Consumer Electronics Engineering Excellence Award (USA, 2004)
• Heyser Memorial lecturer awarded by the Audio Engineering Society (USA, May 2004){{Cite web

| url=http://www.aes.org/technical/heyser/aes116.cfm

| title=AES Heyser Lecture "From Analog to Digital"

| access-date=29 July 2015 }}

• Technology and Engineering Emmy Award awarded by the National Television Academy, for coding technology for optical recording formats (USA, 2003)
• Inducted into the Consumer Electronics Hall of Fame (USA, 2003)
• Knight of the Order of Orange-Nassau (Netherlands, 2000)
• Honorary Member of the Netherlands Electronics and Radio Society (Netherlands, 2000)
• Millennium Medal awarded by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (USA, 2000)
• AES Gold Medal awarded by the Audio Engineering Society, for significant contributions to the advancement of consumer audio technology (USA, 1999)
• IEEE Edison Medal, for a career of creative contributions to the technologies of digital video, audio, and data recording. (USA, 1999){{cite web|title=IEEE Honors Ceremony, London, 1999| website=YouTube | date=17 January 2014 |url= https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UuJ-3jbJGc8|access-date=25 July 2014}}
• Golden Jubilee Award for Technological Innovation awarded by the IEEE Information Theory Society, for the invention of constrained codes for commercial recording systems (USA, 1998){{cite web|url=http://www.itsoc.org/honors/golden-jubilee-awards-for-technological-innovation |title=Golden Jubilee Awards for Technological Innovation |publisher=IEEE Information Theory Society |access-date=July 14, 2011}}
• AES 50th Anniversary Commemorative Medal awarded by the Audio Engineering Society (USA, 1998)
• Member of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (Netherlands, 1996){{cite web |url=https://www.knaw.nl/en/members/members/4764 |title=Kees Schouhamer Immink |publisher=Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences |access-date=17 July 2015 |archive-date=21 July 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150721005315/https://www.knaw.nl/en/members/members/4764 |url-status=dead }}
• Fellow of the Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers (USA, 1996)
• IEEE Masaru Ibuka Consumer Electronics Award for pioneering contributions to consumer digital audio and video recording products (USA, 1996)[https://web.archive.org/web/20070715103120/http://www.ieee.org/portal/pages/about/awards/pr/ibukapr.html Winners of the IEEE Masaru Ibuka Consumer Electronics Award.].
• Alexander M. Poniatoff Gold Medal Award for Technical Excellence awarded by the Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers, for outstanding contributions to the development of new techniques and/or equipment that have contributed to the advancement of audio or video magnetic recording and reproduction (USA, 1994)
• Sir J.J. Thomson Medal awarded by the Institution of Electrical Engineers (IEE), 1993, for distinguished contributions to electronics.
• Fellow of the Institution of Electrical Engineers (FIEE) (United Kingdom, 1993)
• Chartered Engineer (CEng) (United Kingdom, 1993)
• AES Silver Medal awarded by the Audio Engineering Society, for major contributions to the development of digital audio recording systems (1992, USA)
• Fellow of the Audio Engineering Society (1992, USA)
• Fellow of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, for contributions to optical laser recording and compact disc digital audio systems (USA)

His papers have received several awards:

• 2009 Chester Sall Award for ‘’DC-free Multimode Code Design Using Novel Selection Criteria for Optical Recording Systems,’’ IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics (Co-recipient with Jun Lee).{{Cite journal

|journal= IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics

|volume=55

|date=2009

|title= DC-free Multimode Code Design Using Novel Selection Criteria for Optical Recording Systems

|author=K. A. Schouhamer Immink and J. Lee

|author-link=Kees Schouhamer Immink

|url= https://www.researchgate.net/publication/224567756

|access-date=2021-04-16

|quote= DC-free runlength limited codes have been the cornerstone of all three generations of optical recording, CD, DVD and BD. }}

• 2008 Best Paper Award for ‘’A general construction of constrained parity-check codes for optical recording,’’ 2008 IEEE Communications Society, Data Storage Technical Committee in Signal Processing and Coding for Data Storage (Co-recipient with Kui Cai) ).{{Cite journal

|journal=IEEE Transactions on Communications

|volume=56

|date=2008

|title=A general construction of constrained parity-check codes for optical recording

|author=K. A. Schouhamer Immink and K. Cai

|author-link=Kees Schouhamer Immink

|url= https://www.researchgate.net/publication/3162672

|access-date=2021-04-16

|quote=This paper proposes a general and systematic code design method to efficiently combine constrained codes with parity-check codes for optical recording.}}

• Codes for mass data storage systems, Shannon Foundation Publishers, 2004 (three editions)
• Efficient balanced and maximum homopolymer-run restricted block codes for DNA-based data storage, IEEE Commun. Letters, 2019 (with Kui Cai) ){{Cite journal

|journal= IEEE Communications Letters

|volume=28|date=2019

|title= Efficient balanced and maximum homopolymer-run restricted block codes for DNA-based data storage

|author=K. A. Schouhamer Immink and K. Cai|author-link=Kees Schouhamer Immink

|url= https://www.researchgate.net/publication/334686957|access-date=2021-04-16

|quote= We analyze codes for DNA-based data storage which accounts for the maximum homopolymer repetition length and GC-AT balance.}}

• Very efficient balanced codes, IEEE Journal Sel. Areas on Communications, 2010 (with Jos Weber).{{Cite journal|journal= IEEE Journal Sel. Areas on Communications|volume=28|date=2010

|title= Very efficient balanced codes

|author=K. A. Schouhamer Immink and J. H. Weber|author-link=Kees Schouhamer Immink

|url= https://www.researchgate.net/publication/224110287|access-date=2021-04-16

|quote=The prior art construction of sets of balanced codewords by Knuth is attractive for its simplicity and absence of look-up tables, but the redundancy of the balanced codes generated by Knuth's algorithm falls a factor of two short with respect to the minimum required.}}

• How we made the compact disc, Nature, 2018.
• Minimum Pearson Distance Detection for Multilevel Channels With Gain and/or Offset Mismatch, IEEE Trans. Information Theory, 2014 (with Jos Weber).{{Cite journal

|journal=IEEE Transactions on Information Theory|volume=60|date=2014

|title= Minimum Pearson Distance Detection for Multilevel Channels With Gain and/or Offset Mismatch

|author=K. A. Schouhamer Immink and J. H. Weber|url= https://www.researchgate.net/publication/265604603|access-date=2021-04-16

|quote=The performance of certain transmission and storage channels, such as optical data storage and non-volatile memory, is seriously hampered by the phenomena of unknown offset (drift) or gain.}}

• A Survey of Coding Techniques for Optical Disc Recording, IEEE Journal Sel. Areas on Communications, 2001){{Cite journal

|journal=IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications|volume=19|date=2001

|title= A Survey of Coding Techniques for Optical Disc Recording

|author=K. A. Schouhamer Immink|author-link=Kees Schouhamer Immink

|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/3234561 |access-date=2021-04-16

|quote=We report on 20 years of development of codes for optical disk recording systems. A description of the state-of-the-art and feasible options for future extensions and improvements are given.}}

• Codes for Digital Recorders, IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory, 1998 (with Paul Siegel and Jack Wolf){{Cite journal

|journal=IEEE Transactions on Information Theory|volume=44|date=1999

|title= Codes for Digital Recorders|author=Kees Schouhamer Immink, Paul H. Siegel, and Jack Wolf

|url= https://www.researchgate.net/publication/3079625|access-date=2021-04-16

|quote=Constrained codes are a key component in digital recording devices that have become ubiquitous in computer data storage and electronic entertainment applications.}}

• Runlength-Limited Sequences, Proceedings IEEE, 1990){{Cite journal|journal=Proceedings of the IEEE|volume=78|date=1990|title=Runlength-Limited Sequences

|author=K. A. Schouhamer Immink|author-link=Kees Schouhamer Immink

|url= https://www.researchgate.net/publication/2984369|access-date=2021-04-16

|quote=Coding techniques are used in communication systems to increase the efficiency of the channel.}}

• The Digital Versatile Disc (DVD): System Requirements and Channel Coding, SMPTE Journal, 1996.
• Experiments Toward an Erasable Compact Disc, (with J. Braat), J. Audio Eng. Soc., 1984.

The Royal Holland Society of Arts and Sciences established the Kees Schouhamer Immink Prize in 2019 as a means to encourage research on information science and telecommunications, two basic pillars of our information society. The prize, consisting of an honorarium and a diploma, is bestowed in recognition of a distinguished PhD thesis defended in the Netherlands.

{{Reflist|30em}}

• Codes for Mass Data Storage Systems, Second fully revised edition, Shannon Foundation Publishers, Eindhoven, The Netherlands, Nov. 2004. {{ISBN|90-74249-27-2}} [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/239666257_Codes_for_Mass_Data_Storage_Systems]
• The Compact Disc Story, AES Journal, pp. 458–465, May 1998 [http://www.turing-machines.com/pdf/cdstory.pdf].
• The future of digital audio recording, AES Journal., pp. 171–172, 1999 [http://www.turing-machines.com/pdf/future.pdf].
• {{US patent|4,501,000}}, EFM Patent, base code applied in Compact Disc, CD-R, MiniDisc
• {{US patent|5,696,505}}, EFMPlus Patent, base code applied in DVD, DVD-RW, SACD

• [http://www.turing-machines.com/indeximmink.html Official website]
• [http://www.ieeeghn.org/wiki/index.php/Kees_A._S._Immink IEEE Legacies]
• [http://www.smpte.org/resources/awards_program/progress_winners Winners SMPTE Progress Medal] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927224118/http://www.smpte.org/resources/awards_program/progress_winners |date=27 September 2007 }}
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20070927022832/http://www.emmyonline.org/mediacenter/tech_2k3_winners_data.html Winners 2003 Emmy Award]

• [https://ieeetv.ieee.org/mobile/video/interview-with-kees-immink-part-1-ieee-vic-summit-2017 IEEE Interview with Kees Immink winner of the 2017 IEEE Medal of Honor, Part 1 (5.46 min), Nov. 2017] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180924145207/https://ieeetv.ieee.org/mobile/video/interview-with-kees-immink-part-1-ieee-vic-summit-2017 |date=24 September 2018 }}
• [https://ieeetv.ieee.org/mobile/video/interview-with-kees-immink-part-2-ieee-vic-summit-2017 IEEE Interview with Kees Immink, Part 2. (3 min), Nov. 2017.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180924145237/https://ieeetv.ieee.org/mobile/video/interview-with-kees-immink-part-2-ieee-vic-summit-2017 |date=24 September 2018 }}
• [https://ieeetv.ieee.org/ieeetv-specials/kees-schouhamer-immink-accepts-the-ieee-medal-of-honor-honors-ceremony-2017 IEEE Honors Ceremony, (10 min), May 2017]
• [https://ieeetv.ieee.org/ieeetv-specials/kees-immink-2017-ieee-medal-of-honor IEEE Medal of Honor, Kees Immink: The Birth of Digital Media, IEEE, (4 min), May, 2017]
• [https://tv.theiet.org/?videoid=7487 Faraday Medal, IET, (2.3 min), Nov. 2015]
• [https://vimeo.com/130443834 Alice Baxter interviews inventor Kornelis A. Schouhamer Immink, 11/06/15, BBC (3 mins), June 2015]
• [http://www.epo.org/learning-events/european-inventor/finalists/2015/immink.html Kornelis A. Schouhamer Immink - Coding method for CD, DVD and Blu-Ray, EPO, 2015 (3 mins)]
• [http://www.aes.org/historical/store/oralhistory/?code=ohp-016-DVD AES Oral History Project: Kees A.Schouhamer Immink, 2001]
• [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UuJ-3jbJGc8 IEEE Honors Ceremony, Edison Medal, June 1999]

{{IEEE Edison Medal 1976-2000}}

{{IEEE Medal of Honor Laureates 2001-2025}}

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Category:1946 births

Category:20th-century Dutch engineers

Category:21st-century Dutch engineers

Category:Dutch electrical engineers

Category:20th-century Dutch inventors

Category:Eindhoven University of Technology alumni

Category:Emmy Award winners

Category:Fellows of the IEEE

Category:IEEE Edison Medal recipients

Category:IEEE Medal of Honor recipients

Category:Knights of the Order of Orange-Nassau

Category:Living people

Category:Members of the Koninklijke Hollandsche Maatschappij der Wetenschappen

Category:Members of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences

Category:Foreign associates of the National Academy of Engineering

Category:Engineers from Rotterdam