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Keila

{{Short description|Town in Harju County, Estonia}}

{{About|the town in Estonia}}

{{expand Estonian|date=January 2023|topic=geo}}

{{Infobox settlement

| name = Keila

| settlement_type = Town

| image_skyline = Keila kirik 15-03-2012.jpg

| imagesize = 250px

| image_caption = Keila church

| image_flag = Flag of Keila.svg

| flag_size = 125px

| image_seal =

| seal_size =

| image_shield = Keila vapp.svg

| shield_size = 75px

| image_blank_emblem =

| blank_emblem_type =

| blank_emblem_size =

| nickname =

| motto =

| pushpin_map = Estonia

| pushpin_label_position =

| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Estonia

| coordinates = {{coord|59|18|31|N|24|25|21|E|region:EE|display=inline,title}}

| subdivision_type = Country

| subdivision_name = 25px Estonia

| subdivision_type1 = County

| subdivision_name1 = 25px Harju County

| established_title =

| established_date =

| government_type =

| leader_party =

| leader_title = Mayor

| leader_name = Enno Fels

| area_footnotes =

| area_total_km2 = 11.25

| population_footnotes =

| population_total = 10964{{Cite web |url=https://www.elvl.ee/elanike-arv |title=Elanike arv - Eesti Linnade ja Valdade Liit}}

| population_as_of = 2024

| population_rank = 15th

| population_density_km2 = auto

| demographics_type1 = Ethnicity

| demographics1_footnotes =

| demographics1_title1 = Estonians

| demographics1_info1 = 84.9%

| demographics1_title2 = Russians

| demographics1_info2 = 11%

| demographics1_title3 = other

| demographics1_info3 = 3.9%

| timezone = EET

| utc_offset = +2

| timezone_DST = EEST

| utc_offset_DST = +3

| postal_code =

| website = [http://www.keila.ee www.keila.ee]

| iso_code = EE-296

}}

Keila ({{langx|de|Kegel}}) is a town and an urban municipality in Harju County in north-western Estonia, {{Cvt|25|km}} southwest of Tallinn. As of 2021, the town has a population of 10,499 inhabitants.{{Cite web |url=https://www.elvl.ee/elanike-arv |title=Elanike arv - Eesti Linnade ja Valdade Liit}}

Keila is also the location of administrative buildings of the surrounding Keila Parish, a rural municipality separate from the town itself.

History

The oldest traces of human settlement in Keila trace back 2000 to 3000 years BC. Around 1000 years ago the village of Keila was established along the Keila river. In 1219 the Danish conquered Northern-Estonia and chose Keila as the site on which the Vomentakæ parochial Revala county church was to be built. The first church was a small wooden structure dedicated primarily to St. Michael which was replaced with a stone church at the end of the 13th century. Subsequently, the first written mention of Keila (Keikŋl) comes from Danish evaluation book writings in 1241.{{Cite web |url=http://web.keila.ee/214 |title=Official Keila website (Estonian) |access-date=2009-09-04 |archive-date=2011-07-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110720125224/http://web.keila.ee/214 |url-status=dead }}

In the 15th–16th century, a settlement comprising some tens of buildings and a hundred people formed around the church. At the same time the Livonian Order built a small fort south-east of the church on jõesaare (Known today as Jõepark). Ruins of the fort were first excavated in 1976 with continued finds up to 2007.

During the Livonian War of 1558–1583 the settlement, including the church (Later restored in 1596), was destroyed.{{Cite web |url=http://www.eelk.ee/~kkeila/ajalugu_en.html |title=History of Keila St. Michael's church (English) |access-date=2009-09-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110720030111/http://www.eelk.ee/~kkeila/ajalugu_en.html |archive-date=2011-07-20 |url-status=dead}} Further hampered by the plague and starvation in 1601–1602 the population decline reduced the community to a small church village. This was to be the case for three centuries.

File:LutherKeilapostcard croped.jpg

An upturn began in the second half of the 20th century. One of the first notable cultural events was the erection of a statue of Martin Luther in 1862 near the kirikumõis (Church manor). However the statue was completely destroyed in 1949. In 1885 the first song festival was held in Keila. The festival was composed of 19 choirs and supervised by Konstantin Türnpu from Klooga. In 1867 the first school was opened in Väljaotsa farm celebrating the start of education in Keila. The development of Keila took a turn with the establishment of the Tallinn–Paldiski railway line in 1870. After the railway to Keila was built, the place became known—as a pun—as {{Lang|de|Kegelbahn}} (German for 'bowling alley').

File:Keila raudteejaam aastal 1931.jpg

Keila officially became a town on 1 May 1938.

=Military base=

During Soviet times a military base, known as Tankipolk 'Tank Regiment', was built on the outskirts of the town for the housing of soldiers and tanks. The base was demolished a few years after the Soviet army left the country. Years later a residential district was built on the site of the base. The woodland areas around it have also been cleaned up and turned into paved, and partially lit, paths. During winter the area acts as a skiing track with many hills and paths. The paths range from {{convert|3|to|7|km|mi|abbr=off}} in length. The largest of the hills is known as Tankimägi 'Tank Hill'. {{As of|2009}}, no more than a few building foundations remain of the base.

Geography

The city is situated largely on a big hill known as Keila hill and on the valley of Keila River. On the westernmost side of Keila there is Niitvälja Bog.

454 million year old limestone, which can be seen outcropping in the city, is known as Keila stage. This name was given by Carl Friedrich Schmidt to distinguish layer of limestone, that is located between Jõhvi and Vasalemma stage.

Demographics

= Population =

According to the 1 July 2011 Census, the population was 10030.

According to the 2011 Census, the population was 10,014.{{Cite web |url=http://web.keila.ee/?set_lang_id=1 |title=Official Keila website (Estonian) |access-date=2009-09-04 |archive-date=2011-11-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111110012136/http://web.keila.ee/?set_lang_id=1 |url-status=dead }}

According to the 2009 Census, the population was 9,873.

= Ethnic composition =

According to the 2000 Census, the population was 9,388. 82.8% were Estonians, 12.1% Russians, 1.8%

Ukrainians, 0.9% Finns, 0.7% Belarusians, 0.2% Lithuanians, 0.1% Poles, 0.1% Tatars, 0.1% Germans and 0.1% Latvians.

class="wikitable sortable"

|+Ethnic composition 1922-2021

! rowspan="2" |Ethnicity

! colspan="2" |1922{{Cite book |url=https://www.ester.ee/record=b1294490*est |title=1922 a. üldrahvalugemise andmed. Vihk VI. Harju maakond ja Tallinna linn (tabelid) |publisher=Riigi Statistika Keskbüroo |year=1924 |editor-last= |series=Eesti riikline statistika |location=Tallinn |pages=16–17 |language=et, fr |hdl=10062/4447}}

! colspan="2" |1934{{Cite book |url=http://hdl.handle.net/10062/4439 |title=Rahvastiku koostis ja korteriolud. 1.III 1934 rahvaloenduse andmed. Vihk II |publisher=Riigi Statistika Keskbüroo |year=1935 |location=Tallinn |pages=47–53 |hdl=10062/4439 |language=et}}

! colspan="2" |1941{{Cite book |url=http://www.digar.ee/id/nlib-digar:117429 |title=Eesti Statistika : kuukiri 1942-03/04 |publisher=Riigi Statistika Keskbüroo |year=1942 |editor-last= |location=Tallinn |pages=66–67 |language=de, et}}

! colspan="2" |1959{{Cite book |last1=Katus |first1=Kalev |url=https://www.ester.ee/record=b1836101*est |title=Rahvastiku ühtlusarvutatud sündmus- ja loendusstatistika: Harjumaa 1965-1990 |last2=Puur |first2=Allan |last3=Põldma |first3=Asta |publisher=Eesti Kõrgkoolidevaheline Demouuringute Keskus |year=2004 |isbn=978-9985-820-77-3 |series=Sari C |location=Tallinn |pages=31–32}}

! colspan="2" |1970{{Cite book |url=https://www.ester.ee/record=b1655518*est |title=Население районов, городов и поселков городского типа Эстонской ССР : по данным Всесоюзной переписи населения на 15 января 1970 года |publisher=Eesti NSV Statistika Keskvalitsus |year=1972 |location=Tallinn |page=79 |language=ru}}

! colspan="2" |1979{{Cite book |url=http://www.digar.ee/id/nlib-digar:375699 |title=Eesti Vabariigi maakondade, linnade ja alevite rahvastik: 1989. a. rahvaloenduse andmed: statistikakogumik. 1. osa: Rahvaarv rahvuse, perekonnaseisu, hariduse ja elatusallikate järgi |date=1990 |publisher=Statistikaamet |isbn=978-9949-71-932-7 |editor-last= |location=Tallinn |pages=28, 33 |language=et}}

! colspan="2" |1989

! colspan="2" |2000{{Cite web |title=RL222: RAHVASTIK ELUKOHA JA RAHVUSE JÄRGI |url=https://andmed.stat.ee:443/pxweb/et/stat/stat__rahvaloendus__rel2000__rahvus-emakeel-veerkeelte-oskus/RL222.px/ |access-date= |website=Estonian Statistical Database |language=et}}

! colspan="2" |2011{{Cite web |title=RL0429: RAHVASTIK RAHVUSE, SOO, VANUSERÜHMA JA ELUKOHA JÄRGI, 31. DETSEMBER 2011 |url=https://andmed.stat.ee:443/pxweb/et/stat/stat__rahvaloendus__rel2011__rahvastiku-demograafilised-ja-etno-kultuurilised-naitajad__rahvus-emakeel-ja-keelteoskus-murded/RL0429.px/ |access-date= |website=Estonian Statistical Database |language=et}}

! colspan="2" |2021{{Cite web |title=RL21429: RAHVASTIK RAHVUSE, SOO, VANUSERÜHMA JA ELUKOHA (HALDUSÜKSUS) JÄRGI, 31. DETSEMBER 2021 |url=https://andmed.stat.ee:443/pxweb/et/stat/stat__rahvaloendus__rel2021__rahvastiku-demograafilised-ja-etno-kultuurilised-naitajad__rahvus-emakeel/RL21429.px/ |access-date= |website=Estonian Statistical Database |language=et}}

amount

!%

!amount

!%

!amount

!%

!amount

!%

!amount

!%

!amount

!%

!amount

!%

!amount

!%

!amount

!%

!amount

!%

Estonians

|772

|97.8

|939

|96.9

|1057

|98.8

|2583

|85.2

|4621

|82.9

|5573

|77.5

|7094

|70.4

|7773

|82.8

|8291

|84.9

|8935

|85.1

Russians

|8

|1.01

|14

|1.44

|11

|1.03

| -

| -

|673

|12.1

|1191

|16.6

|2177

|21.6

|1133

|12.1

|1078

|11.0

|1025

|9.76

Ukrainians

| -

| -

|0

|0.00

| -

| -

| -

| -

|79

|1.42

|116

|1.61

|299

|2.97

|166

|1.77

|139

|1.42

|264

|2.51

Belarusians

| -

| -

| -

| -

| -

| -

| -

| -

|40

|0.72

|60

|0.83

|111

|1.10

|64

|0.68

|53

|0.54

|58

|0.55

Finns

| -

| -

|0

|0.00

|0

|0.00

| -

| -

|88

|1.58

|105

|1.46

|115

|1.14

|84

|0.89

|56

|0.57

|40

|0.38

Jews

|0

|0.00

|1

|0.10

|0

|0.00

| -

| -

|6

|0.11

|5

|0.07

|13

|0.13

|1

|0.01

|1

|0.01

|0

|0.00

Latvians

| -

| -

|5

|0.52

|0

|0.00

| -

| -

|15

|0.27

|11

|0.15

|16

|0.16

|7

|0.07

|5

|0.05

|8

|0.08

Germans

|4

|0.51

|8

|0.83

| -

| -

| -

| -

| -

| -

|18

|0.25

|23

|0.23

|7

|0.07

|10

|0.10

|12

|0.11

Tatars

| -

| -

|0

|0.00

| -

| -

| -

| -

| -

| -

|31

|0.43

|43

|0.43

|8

|0.09

|7

|0.07

|5

|0.05

Poles

| -

| -

|2

|0.21

|0

|0.00

| -

| -

| -

| -

|8

|0.11

|14

|0.14

|10

|0.11

|8

|0.08

|9

|0.09

Lithuanians

| -

| -

|0

|0.00

|0

|0.00

| -

| -

|20

|0.36

|23

|0.32

|24

|0.24

|23

|0.24

|24

|0.25

|18

|0.17

unknown

|0

|0.00

|0

|0.00

|0

|0.00

|0

|0.00

|0

|0.00

|0

|0.00

|0

|0.00

|30

|0.32

|6

|0.06

|28

|0.27

other

|5

|0.63

|0

|0.00

|2

|0.19

|449

|14.8

|32

|0.57

|53

|0.74

|143

|1.42

|82

|0.87

|85

|0.87

|95

|0.90

Total

!789

!100

!969

!100

!1070

!100

!3032

!100

!5574

!100

!7194

!100

!10072

!100

!9388

!100

!9763

!100

!10499

!99.98

= Religious composition =

{{Pie chart

|thumb = left

|caption = Religion in Keila Parish (2021) [https://andmed.stat.ee/en/stat/rahvaloendus__rel2021__rahvastiku-demograafilised-ja-etno-kultuurilised-naitajad__usk/RL21452]

|label1 = Unaffiliated

|value1 = 77.2

|color1 = White

|label2 = Lutheran

|value2 = 10.3

|color2 = DodgerBlue

|label3 = Orthodox

|value3 = 8.4

|color3 = Pink

|label4 = Baptism

|value4 = 1.4

|color4 = Orange

|label5 = Catholic

|value5 = 1.2

|color5 = Purple

|label6 = Others Christians & non Christian Religion

|value6 = 1.0

|color6 = Yellow

}}

{{clear left}}

Arts and culture

=Museums=

File:Keila mõisa peahoone (Harjumaa Muuseum).jpg in the historic Keila manor house.]]

The Harju County Museum is located in Keila and opened in 1988. The museum documents the life of Harju County throughout history and is located in the historic Keila manor house ({{langx|de|Gutshaus Kegel}}).{{cite web|url=https://harjumaamuuseum.ee/en/|title=Harju County Museum|publisher=Harjumaa Muuseum|lang=en}}

Education

File:Keila algkooli hoone (2).jpg

There are several schools in Keila.

  • [http://www.keila.edu.ee/est/avalik.php Keila High School] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130212210630/http://www.keila.edu.ee/est/avalik.php |date=2013-02-12 }}
  • [https://web.archive.org/web/20090823105007/http://www.kyg.edu.ee/est/avalik.php Keila Joint High School]
  • [http://www.keila.ee/muusikakool Keila Music School]

and three kindergartens.

Transport and infrastructure

File:Keila_vaksalihoone.jpg]]

Keila is served by Keila railway station located on the railway line between {{rws|Tallinn}} and {{rws|Paldiski}} / {{rws|Turba}}. The station is served by Tallinn's commuter rail network, an electrified commuter rail network operated by Elron, linking the city of Tallinn with its suburbs and the surrounding countryside.{{cite web|url=https://elron.ee/en/soiduinfo/peatused|title=Network and Stations|publisher=Elron|language=en|accessdate=29 January 2024}}

International relations

{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in Estonia}}

=Twin towns — sister cities=

Keila is twinned with:{{cite web |url=https://keila.kovtp.ee/sopruslinnad |title=Sõpruslinnad - Keila Linnavalitsus |access-date=2012-08-27 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130507120705/https://keila.kovtp.ee/sopruslinnad |archive-date=2013-05-07 |language=et}}

Notable residents

Gallery

Graffiti in Keila.jpg|Graffiti in Keila

Pinus nigra Keila.jpg|Cultivated Pinus nigra in Keila

Keila kultuurikeskus.jpg|Cultural Centre

See also

References

{{reflist}}

External links

{{commons category|Keila}}

  • {{Official website|http://web.keila.ee}}
  • [https://web.archive.org/web/20180617065828/http://www.muuseum.harju.ee/ Harjumaa Museum]

{{Cities of Estonia}}

{{Harjumaa}}

{{Authority control}}

Category:Populated places in Harju County

Category:Cities and towns in Estonia

Category:Municipalities of Estonia

Category:Kreis Harrien