Kembra language
{{Short description|South Pauwasi language of Indonesia}}
{{Infobox language
|name=Kembra
|nativename=
|states=Western New Guinea
|region=Kiambra village, Kaisenar District, Keerom Regency
|speakers=20
|date=2000
|ref=e25
|familycolor=Papuan
|fam1=Pauwasi
|fam2=Yetfa – South Pauwasi
|fam3=South Pauwasi
|fam4=Lepki–Murkim
|map2=Lang Status 20-CR.svg
|mapcaption2={{center|{{small|Kembra is classified as Critically Endangered by the UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger}}}}
|iso3=xkw
|glotto=kemb1250
|glottorefname=Kembra
}}
Kembra is a South Pauwasi language spoken in Western New Guinea by some twenty persons in Kiambra village, Kaisenar District, Keerom Regency. It is used by between 20% and 60% of the ethnic population and is no longer passed down to children.
Classification
Initial documentation was carried out by Barnabas Konel and Roger Doriot. Kembra data remains unpublished in Konel's and Doriot's field notes.Konel, Barnabas. n.d. Wordlist of Kembra. Photocopy of handwritten ms.Doriot, Roger E. 1991. 6-2-3-4 Trek, April-May, 1991. Ms.
Foley (2018) notes that Kembra has some lexical forms resembling Lepki, but not Murkim, hinting at lexical borrowing between Kembra and Lepki, but not Murkim. He allows the possibility of Kembra being related to Lepki–Murkim, pending further evidence.{{cite book |last=Foley |first=William A. |editor1-last=Palmer |editor1-first=Bill |date=2018 |title=The Languages and Linguistics of the New Guinea Area: A Comprehensive Guide |chapter=The languages of Northwest New Guinea |series= The World of Linguistics |volume=4 |location=Berlin |publisher=De Gruyter Mouton |pages=433–568 |isbn=978-3-11-028642-7}} With more data, Usher (2020) was able to verify the connection.
Phonology
Kembra is a tonal language, as shown by the following minimal pair.{{Rp|464}}
- yá ‘pig’
- yà ‘fire, tree’
Basic vocabulary
Basic vocabulary of Kembra listed in Foley (2018):{{cite book |last=Foley |first=William A. |editor1-last=Palmer |editor1-first=Bill |date=2018 |title=The Languages and Linguistics of the New Guinea Area: A Comprehensive Guide |chapter=The Languages of the Sepik-Ramu Basin and Environs |series= The World of Linguistics |volume=4 |location=Berlin |publisher=De Gruyter Mouton |pages=197–432 |isbn=978-3-11-028642-7}}
:
| {{table}}
|+ Kembra basic vocabulary ! gloss !! Kembra | |
| ‘bird’ | tra |
| ‘blood’ | nili |
| ‘bone’ | ka |
| ‘eat’ | ɲəm |
| ‘egg’ | traləl |
| ‘eye’ | yi |
| ‘fire’ | ya |
| ‘give’ | lokwes |
| ‘ground’ | to |
| ‘hair’ | iyet |
| ‘I’ | mu |
| ‘leg’ | kla |
| ‘louse’ | nim |
| ‘man’ | ratera |
| ‘name’ | kia |
| ‘one’ | kutina |
| ‘see’ | iyam |
| ‘stone’ | isi |
| ‘sun’ | ota |
| ‘tooth’ | pa |
| ‘tree’ | ya |
| ‘two’ | kais |
| ‘water’ | er |
| ‘we’ | utuas |
| ‘you (sg)’ | amagrei |
| ‘you (pl)’ | robkei |
Sentences
Kembra has SOV word order, and also appears to have bipartite negation as in Abun and French. Only several sentences have been elicited by Konel (n.d.), which are quoted below from Foley (2018).
{{interlinear|number=(1)
|pei yá por ɲəm
|dog pig black eat
|‘The dog ate the black pig.’}}
{{interlinear|number=(2)
|mu ipei ɲəm
|1SG betelnut eat
|‘I’m chewing betelnut.’}}
{{interlinear|number=(3)
|mu pei te-iya-mo
|1SG dog ?-see-TNS
|‘I see the dog.’}}
{{interlinear|number=(4)
|mu ipei abi-ɲi koto
|1SG betelnut NEG-eat NEG
|‘I didn’t eat betelnut.’}}
{{interlinear|number=(5)
|mu pei abi-(i)ya koto
|1SG dog NEG-see NEG
|‘I didn’t see the dog.’}}
References
{{Reflist}}
{{Papuan languages}}
Category:Critically endangered languages