Kendara
{{Short description|Wooden string instrument}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}
{{Infobox Instrument
|name=Kendara
|names=Kendera
|image=Kendara, traditional instrument from Odisha.jpg
|image_capt=Sn old Kendara in display at Odisha State Museum, Bhubaneswar.
|background=string
|hornbostel_sachs=321.322-71
|hornbostel_sachs_desc=Composite chordophone sounded by a bow
|developed=
|range=
|related=
|musicians=
|builders=
}}
The Kendarā ( Odia- କେନ୍ଦରା ) is a wooden string instrument. The kendara has one string and is most commonly played by drawing a bow across its string.{{cite book|author1=Bruno Nettl|author2=James Porter|author3=Timothy Rice|title=The Garland Encyclopedia of World Music: South Asia : the Indian subcontinent|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZOlNv8MAXIEC&pg=PA983|year=1998|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=978-0-8240-4946-1|pages=983–}} They are mostly played traditionally by jogis, people who would go from door to door with a dried gourd container to keep rice, and a kendara to play while singing, and accept food as alms.{{cite book|author1=Mohan Behera|author2=Tribal and Harijan Research-cum-Training Institute (Bhubaneswar, India)|title=The Jayantira Pano: a scheduled caste community of Orissa|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0ITWAAAAIAAJ|year=1991|publisher=Tribal and Harijan Research-cum-Training Institute}} They are rarely used in genres of folk including country music. The folk genre of music played in a kendara is known as Kendarā Gita ( Odia- କେନ୍ଦରା ଗୀତ ).{{cite book|author1=Priyambada Mohanty Hejmadi|author2=Ahalya Hejmadi Patnaik|title=Odissi, an Indian classical dance form|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PSD0AAAAMAAJ|date=1 January 2007|publisher=Aryan Books International|isbn=978-81-7305-324-5}}{{cite book|author=Jyoshnarani Behera|title=Political Socialization of Women: A Study of Teenager Girls|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UJr97JZXJPcC&pg=PA82|year=1997|publisher=Atlantic Publishers & Dist|isbn=978-81-85495-21-7|pages=82–}}{{cite book|author=Orissa (India)|title=Orissa District Gazetteers: Sambalpur|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XTduAAAAMAAJ|publisher=Superintendent, Orissa Government Press}}{{Cite book |last=Praharaj |first=Gopal Chandra |url=http://dsalsrv02.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/philologic/getobject.pl?c.10:8421.praharaj |title=Purnachandra Ordiya Bhashakosha |publisher=Utkal Sahitya Press |year=1931 |location=Vuttack |quote=ଭିକମଗା ଉତ୍କଳୀଯ ୟୋଗୀଙ୍କ ବୀଣା—1. A one-stringed fiddle (horse-hair-stringed instrument) used by J̄ogī-beggars of Orissa.}}{{Dead link|date=May 2023|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes|url=https://desibulletin.in/%e0%ac%89%e0%ac%a4%e0%ad%8d%e0%ac%95%e0%ac%b3%e0%ad%80%e0%ac%af%e0%ad%9f%e0%ad%8b%e0%ac%97%e0%ad%80%e0%ac%99%e0%ad%8d%e0%ac%95%e0%ac%ac%e0%ad%80%e0%ac%a3%e0%ac%be-%e0%ac%8f%e0%ac%95%e0%ac%b8%e0%ac%82/}} The instrument rose to popularity during 12th century when Sanskrit was made the official language of the then Utkala Kingdom but the common people did not understand, but the jogis were performing folk songs.{{cite book|author=B. B. Jena|title=Orissa, people, culture, and polity|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4zNuAAAAMAAJ|year=1980|publisher=Kalyani Publishers}} Kendara is often tied to Natha (Odia-ନାଥ), a particular sect of the jogis that play the most popular variation of kendara. The other variation is known as Majhi Kendarā ( Odia- ମଝି କେନ୍ଦରା ) and is played by the Santhal people in Odisha.{{cite book|title=Folk Culture: Folk music & dance|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_2lDAAAAYAAJ|date=1983|publisher=Institute of Oriental and Orissan Studies}}{{cite book|author1=Indu Bhusan Kar|author2=Durga Charan Panda|title=Art Heritage of Orissa|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5a_WAAAAMAAJ|year=1997|publisher=Advanced Centre for Indological Studies}}
References
{{Indian musical instruments|state=autocollapse}}
Category:Indian musical instruments
Category:Stringed percussion instruments
Category:Plucked membranophones
{{India-music-stub}}
{{Composite-instrument-stub}}
{{Membranophone-instrument-stub}}