Keonjhar State
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2017}}
{{Infobox former subdivision
|native_name = କେନ୍ଦୁଝର
|conventional_long_name =Keonjhar State
|common_name =Keonjhar
|nation = British India
|subdivision = Princely State
|era =
|year_start = 12th century
|date_start =
|event_start=
|year_end = 1948
|date_end =
|event_end= Accession to the Union of India
|event1 =
|date_event1 =
|p1 =
|s1 = India
|flag_p1 =
|flag_s1 = Flag of India.svg
|image_flag = Keonjharflag1.png
|image_coat =
|image_map = Keonjhar-Rairakhol Imperial Gazetteer.jpg
|image_map_caption = Keonjhar State in the Imperial Gazetteer of India
|stat_area1 = 8019
|stat_year1 = 1931
|stat_pop1 = 460609
|footnotes =
}}
Keonjhar State ({{langx|or|କେନ୍ଦୁଝର}}), also known as Keunjhar, was one of the princely states of India during the period of the British Raj.{{cite EB1911 |wstitle=Keonjhar |volume=15 |page=749}} The second largest of the states of the Orissa States Agency, it was located in present-day Kendujhar district, Odisha.
The state was bounded in the north by Singhbhum District, in the east by the State of Mayurbhanj and Balasore District, in the south by Dhenkanal State and Cuttack District, and in the west by the states of Pal Lahara and Bonai.
The state consisted of two clearly differentiated areas: Low Keonjhar, a region of flat river valleys — the main river being the Baitarani, and the High Keonjhar, an area of forests dominated by mountain ranges with the Gandhamadan reaching a height of 1078 m.
The capital was at Keonjhar. [https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V15_208.gif Imperial Gazetteer of India, v. 15, p. 202]
History
According to traditions, Keonjhar State was founded during the 12th century rule of the Eastern Ganga dynasty when the founder Jyoti Bhanja of the Bhanja dynasty, who was the brother of Adi Bhanja of Mayurbhanj, was enthroned as the Raja of Keonjhar with the help of the dominant local Bhuyan clans. The influence of the Bhuyans on the enthronement rituals and regnal traditions of Keonjhar suggests a long-standing relationship with the kingdom.{{citation |title=Sitting on the Tribal Chief’s Lap Coronation Rituals in Ex-Princely States of Orissa |url=https://www.academia.edu/3883739/Sitting_on_the_Tribal_Chief_s_Lap_Coronation_Rituals_in_Ex_Princely_States_of_Orissa?email_work_card=title |author=Cornelia Mallebrein |publisher=University of Tubingen |date=2010 }}{{Cite web |url=http://members.iinet.net.au/~royalty/ips/k/keonjhar.html |title=Princely states - Keonjhar |access-date=24 July 2015 |archive-date=19 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190319012657/http://members.iinet.net.au/~royalty/ips/k/keonjhar.html |url-status=dead }}
Around the 14th century, a prince from Keonjhar named Ananga Bhanja, who was a nephew of the Raja of Keonjhar was named the king of Baudh by the local chieftains under Ganga rule.{{citation |title=ODISHA DISTRICT GAZETTEERS BOUDH |publisher=GAD, Govt of Odisha |url=http://gopabandhuacademy.gov.in/sites/default/files/gazetter/Boudh_Gazetteer.pdf |page=23 |date=1991 }}[https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V07_140.gif Imperial Gazetteer of India, v. 7, p. 140.]
After the independence of India in 1947 Keonjhar merged into Republic of India on 1 January 1948{{cite web |title=Amalgamation of Princely States|author=Dr. Bhagyalipi Malla |url=http://orissa.gov.in/e-magazine/Orissareview/august-2007/engpdf/Page94-100.pdf |date=August 2007 |publisher=Orissa Review|page=94,98 |accessdate=18 July 2013}} following which it became the part of Keonjhar district (now Kendujhar).
Rulers
The rulers of Keonjhar State of the Bhanja dynasty. The Keonjhar royal family adopted the emblems of the neighbouring State of Mayurbhanj, a peacock and the yellow and blue colours.[http://www.worldstatesmen.org/India_princes_K-W.html Princely States of India]
- Jyoti Bhanja (12th cen CE)
- ...
- Jagannath Bhanja (1688 - 1700)
- Raghunath Bhanja (1700 - 1719)
- Gopinath Bhanja (1719 - 1736)
- Narsingh Narayan Bhanja (1736 - 1757)
- Daneswar Narayan Bhanja (1757 - 1758)
- Jagateswar Narayan Bhanja (1758 - 1762)
- Pratap Balbhadra Bhanja (1762 - 1794)
- Janardan Bhanja (1794 - 1825)
- Gadadhar Narayan Bhanj Deo (1825 - 22 March 1861)
- Dhanurjai Narayan Bhanj Deo (4 September 1861 – 27 October 1905)
- Gopinath Narayan Bhanj Deo (27 Oct 1905 – 12 August 1926)
- Balbhadra Narayan Bhanj Deo (12 Aug 1926 – 1 January 1948)
=Titular=
- Balbhadra Narayan Bhanj Deo (1 January 1948 – 1963)
- Nrusingh Narayan Bhanj Deo (1963 – 1979)
- Anant Narayan Bhanj Deo (1979 – 1 December 2019)
- Dhananjay Bhanj Deo (1 December 2019 – current)
See also
References
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{{coord|21|38|N|81|36|E|region:IN_type:landmark_source:kolossus-svwiki|display=title}}
{{Princely states of the Eastern States Agency}}
Category:Princely states of Odisha
Category:12th-century establishments in India
Category:1948 disestablishments in India
{{india-hist-stub}}