Kepler-18#Planetary system

{{Short description|Star in the constellation Cygnus}}

{{Sky|19|63|19.06|+|46|44|47.94}}

{{Starbox begin}}

{{Starbox observe

| epoch = J2000

| constell = Cygnus

| ra = {{RA|19|52|19.0688}}

| dec = {{DEC|+44|44|46.808}}

| appmag_v = 14.0

}}

{{Starbox character

| class = G7

}}

{{Starbox astrometry

| prop_mo_ra = {{val|−1.436|(14)}}

| prop_mo_dec = {{val|−20.341|(14)}}

| pm_footnote =

| parallax = 2.2804

| p_error = 0.0168

| parallax_footnote =

}}

{{Starbox detail

| source = {{cite journal|doi=10.1088/0067-0049/197/1/7|arxiv=1110.0820|title=Kepler 18-b, c, and d: A System Of Three Planets Confirmed by Transit Timing Variations, Lightcurve Validation, Spitzer Photometry and Radial Velocity Measurements|journal=The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series|volume=197|pages=7|year=2011|last1 = Cochran| first1 = William D.| last2 = Fabrycky| first2 = Daniel C.| last3 = Torres| first3 = Guillermo| last4 = Fressin| first4 = François| last5 = Désert| first5 = Jean-Michel| last6 = Darin Ragozzine| last7 = Sasselov| first7 = Dimitar| last8 = Fortney| first8 = Jonathan J.| last9 = Rowe| first9 = Jason F.| last10 = Brugamyer| first10 = Erik J.| last11 = Bryson| first11 = Stephen T.| last12 = Carter| first12 = Joshua A.| last13 = Ciardi| first13 = David R.| last14 = Howell| first14 = Steve B.| last15 = Steffen| first15 = Jason H.| last16 = Borucki| first16 = William J.| last17 = Koch| first17 = David G.| last18 = Winn| first18 = Joshua N.| last19 = Welsh| first19 = William F.| last20 = Uddin| first20 = Kamal| last21 = Tenenbaum| first21 = Peter| last22 = Still| first22 = M.| last23 = Seager| first23 = Sara| last24 = Quinn| first24 = Samuel N.| last25 = Mullally| first25 = F.| last26 = Miller| first26 = Neil| last27 = Marcy| first27 = Geoffrey W.| last28 = MacQueen| first28 = Phillip J.| last29 = Lucas| first29 = Phillip| last30 = Lissauer| first30 = Jack J.| last31 = Latham| first31 = David W.| last32 = Knutson| first32 = Heather| last33 = Kinemuchi| first33 = K.| last34 = Johnson| first34 = John A.| last35 = Jenkins| first35 = Jon M.| last36 = Howard Isaacson| last37 = Howard| first37 = Andrew| last38 = Horch| first38 = Elliott| last39 = Holman| first39 = Matthew J.| last40 = Henze| first40 = Christopher E.| last41 = Haas| first41 = Michael R.| last42 = Gilliland| first42 = Ronald L.| last43 = III| first43 = Thomas N. Gautier| last44 = Ford| first44 = Eric B.| last45 = Fischer| first45 = Debra A.| last46 = Everett| first46 = Mark| last47 = Michael Endl| last48 = Demory| first48 = Brice-Oliver| last49 = Deming| first49 = Drake| last50 = Charbonneau| first50 = David| last51 = Caldwell| first51 = Douglas| last52 = Buchhave| first52 = Lars| last53 = Brown| first53 = Timothy M.| last54 = Batalha| first54 = Natalie|issue=1 |display-authors=1|bibcode=2011ApJS..197....7C|s2cid=16505452}}

| mass = 0.972 ± 0.042

| radius = 1.108 ± 0.051

| rotation =

| rotational_velocity = <4

| luminosity = 0.93

| temperature = 5383 ± 44

| gravity = 4.32 ± 0.12

| metal_fe = 0.19 ± 0.06

| age_gyr = 10.0 ± 2.3

}}

{{Starbox catalog

| names = KOI-137, KIC 8644288,2MASS J19521906+4444467, Gaia DR2 2079295583282164992{{cite simbad|title=Kepler-18|access-date=25 January 2018}}

}}

{{Starbox reference

| Simbad = Kepler-18

| EPE = Kepler-18

}}

{{Starbox end}}

Kepler-18 is a star with almost the same mass as the Sun in the Cygnus constellation.

Planetary system

The star is orbited by 3 confirmed planets, announced in 2011. In 2021, it was found the orbital plane of Kepler-18d is slowly changing, likely under the gravitational influence of the additional giant planet.{{citation|arxiv=2105.04318|year=2021|title=Systematic search for long-term transit duration changes in Kepler transiting planets|doi=10.1093/mnras/stab1359 |last1=Shahaf |first1=Sahar |last2=Mazeh |first2=Tsevi |last3=Zucker |first3=Shay |last4=Fabrycky |first4=Daniel |journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society |volume=505 |issue=1 |pages=1293–1310 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2021MNRAS.505.1293S }}

{{OrbitboxPlanet begin

| table_ref={{citation|arxiv=1211.4028v1|year=2013|doi=10.1088/0004-637X/762/2/112|last1=Montet|first1=Benjamin T.|last2=Johnson|first2=John Asher|title=Model-Independent Stellar and Planetary Masses from Multi-Transiting Exoplanetary Systems|journal=The Astrophysical Journal|volume=762|issue=2|page=112|bibcode=2013ApJ...762..112M |s2cid=29261765}}

}}

{{OrbitboxPlanet

| exoplanet = b

| mass_earth = 6.9 ± 3.4

| period = 3.504725 ± 0.000028

| semimajor = 0.0447 ± 0.0006

| eccentricity =

| inclination = 84.92 ± 0.26

| radius_earth = 2.00 ± 0.10}}

{{OrbitboxPlanet

| exoplanet = c

| mass_earth = 17.3 ± 1.9

| period = 7.6415716

| semimajor = 0.0752 ± 0.0011

| eccentricity =

| inclination = 87.68 ± 0.22

| radius_earth = 5.49 ± 0.26}}

{{OrbitboxPlanet

| exoplanet = d

| mass_earth = 16.4 ± 1.4

| period = 14.858941

| semimajor = 0.1172 ± 0.0017

| eccentricity =

| inclination = 88.07 ± 0.1

| radius_earth = 6.98 ± 0.33}}

{{Orbitbox end}}

References

{{reflist|refs=

{{Cite Gaia DR3|2079295583282164992}}

{{Cite constellation|Kepler-18}}

}}