Kerio Valley
{{Infobox valley
| name = Kerio Valley
| other_name =
| photo =Facing_kerio_valley_from_anin.jpg
| photo_width =
| photo_caption = Kerio Valley when viewed from Anin escarpment, just below Iten. Lake Kapnarok and Tugen Hills in the middle and background respectively.
| photo_alt =
| map = Kenya |relief=1
| map_width =
| map_alt =
| map_caption =
| label =
| label_position =
| coordinates = {{coord|0.6401|N|35.6086|E|type:landmark|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
| coordinates_ref =
| location =
| elevation =
| elevation_m = 1000
| elevation_ft =
| elevation_ref =
| direction =North - South
| length = {{convert|80|km}}
| width = {{convert|10|km}}
| area =
| depth =
| type = Rift valley
| age =Miocene, 22–25 million years ago
| boundaries =
| topo =
| towns = Kimwarer, Chepsigot, Tot
| traversed =
}}
Kerio Valley lies between the Tugen Hills and the Elgeyo Escarpment in Kenya. It sits at an elevation of 1,000 meters in the Great Rift Valley.{{sfn|Muchem|Mwangi|Greijn|2002}}
Geography
The isolated Kerio Valley is situated in a narrow, long strip that is approximately 80 km by 10 km wide at its broadest, through which the Kerio River flows. {{convert|4000|ft|m|disp=flip}} deep, the valley lies between the Cherangani Hills and the Tugen Hills.{{sfn|Fitzpatrick|Parkinson|Ray|2006|p=410}}
The Elgeyo Escarpment rises more than {{convert|1830|m}} above it in places.{{sfn|Fitzpatrick|Parkinson|Ray|2006|p=430}} It has semi-tropical vegetation on the slopes, while the floor of the valley is covered by dry thorn bushes.{{sfn|Kerio Valley - Kenya Wildlife}}
The most comfortable time of the year is in July and August when the rains have ended and the temperatures are not excessive.{{sfn|Hodd|2002|p=164}}
The Kerio Valley National Reserve has been established since 1983 along the Kerio River to the north of Lake Kamnarok.{{sfn|Kerio Valley - Kenya Wildlife}}
Archaeological Activities
The Kerio Valley is the site of elaborate irrigation systems that were constructed during earlier periods of history. These structures are believed to have been built by descendants of the Neolithic Afro-Asiatic people who introduced domesticated plants and animals to the Great Lakes region{{cite book|last=Matthiessen|first=Peter|title=The Tree Where Man Was Born|year=2010|publisher=Penguin Classics|isbn=978-0143106241|pages=275–276}}—a succession of societies collectively known as the Stone Bowl cultural complex.{{cite book|last=J.D. Fage|first=William Tordoff|title=A History of Africa, Fourth Edition|year=2002|publisher=Routledge|isbn=0415252482|pages=29|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KR0oRd5GMGkC&pg=PA29}} Most of these early northern migrants are said to have been absorbed by later movements of Nilotic and Bantu people. Although the particular irrigation systems in the Kerio Valley are today maintained by the Marakwet subgroup of the Kalenjin Nilotes, the latter assert that they were the work of a northern people of a peculiar language called the Sirikwa, who were later decimated by pestilence. According to the Marakwet, the Sirikwa "built the furrows, but they did not teach us how to build them; we only know how to keep them as they are." The missing link however re-occurs in Tanzania out of an ethnic community known as Iraqw. The Iraqw openly admit to be the masterminds behind the constructions and links to the Engaruka complex in Tanzania. Sengwer ethnicity of Kalenjin, Talai clan of the Kipsigiis and Nandi are believed to be facets of the Iraqw who took a Kalenjin identity.
People
In Kimwarer in the southern part of the valley, fluoride is mined by the Kenya Fluorspar Company. The southern parts of the valley are settled by the Elgeyo people and the northern part by the Marakwet people. Tugen people live on the slopes of the Tugen Hills. These three groups together with the Nandi and the Kipsigis belong to the Kalenjin people.{{sfn|Muchem|Mwangi|Greijn|2002}}
Further reading
- {{cite book
|title=The Cliff Dwellers of Kenya
|first=J. A. |last=Massam
|publisher=Routledge |year=1968 |isbn=0-7146-1697-4}}
- {{cite book
|title=Climbing the cliff: a history of the Keiyo
|first1=Susan |last1=Chebet |first2=Ton |last2=Dietz
|publisher=Moi University Press |year=2000 |isbn=9966-854-15-0}}
Notes
{{reflist |colwidth=30em}}
References
{{refbegin}}
- {{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wCFrdRKB8hYC&pg=PA164
|title=Footprint East Africa Handbook: The Travel Guide
|first=Michael |last=Hodd
|publisher=Footprint Travel Guides |year=2002 |isbn=1-900949-65-2}}
- {{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YBgnGUa9a2YC&pg=PA410
|title=East África
|first1=Mary |last1=Fitzpatrick |first2=Tom |last2=Parkinson |first3=Nick |last3=Ray
|publisher=Lonely Planet |year=2006 |isbn=1-74104-286-0}}
- {{cite web
|ref={{harvid|Kerio Valley - Kenya Wildlife}}
|url=http://www.tourism.go.ke/wildlife_ministry.nsf/ministryparks/5488F6405A5C9EBC43256AF6002F5A25?opendocument&l=1&Count=5
|title=Kerio Valley National Reserve
|publisher=Kenya Wildlife Services
|access-date=2012-01-01
|url-status=dead
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111128062456/http://www.tourism.go.ke/wildlife_ministry.nsf/ministryparks/5488F6405A5C9EBC43256AF6002F5A25?opendocument&l=1&Count=5
|archive-date=2011-11-28
}}
- {{cite web |url=http://www.gisdevelopment.net/proceedings/gisdeco/sessions/muche.htm
|title=GIS in support of participatory land use planning in the Districts Keiyo & Marakwet, Kenya
|publisher=www.gisdevelopment.net
|access-date=2008-03-16
|first1=Julius |last1=Muchem |first2=Wangu |last2=Mwangi |first3=Heinz |last3=Greijn |year=2002}}
{{refend}}