Khamkhi
{{short description|Rural locality in Ingushetia}}
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Khamkhi ({{langx|inh|Хамхе|Khamkhe}}){{sfn|Мальсагов|1963|page=149}} is an ancient city-settlement in Dzheyrakhsky District of Ingushetia.{{sfn|Чахкиев|2003|pages=132—133}}{{Cite web|url=http://discours.press/dostoyanie-pokolenij/kraj-bashen-i-legend/|title=Край башен и легенд — Горная Ингушетия|last=Гадиев|first=Умалат|access-date=2023-04-21|archive-date=2016-11-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161108120032/http://discours.press/dostoyanie-pokolenij/kraj-bashen-i-legend/|url-status=dead}} // «Discours» It is part of the rural settlement of Guli (administrative center rural settlement).{{Cite web|url=http://docs.cntd.ru/document/895201294|title=Закон Республики Ингушетия от 23 февраля 2009 года № 5-РЗ «Об установлении границ муниципальных образований Республики Ингушетия и наделении их статусом сельского поселения, муниципального района и городского округа»}}
On the territory of the city-settlement there is an architectural complex "Khamkhi", represented by many historical objects: megalithic cyclopean tower-type dwellings, 4 combat towers, 4 semi-combat and 16 residential towers, as well as 10 crypt burial grounds. Currently, these objects of Ingush architecture and the entire territory of the settlement are included in the Dzheyrakh-Assa Museum-Reserve and are under state protection.
Geography
Khamkhi is located in Mountainous Ingushetia, on the left bank of the Assa river, on the territory of the historical region "Khyakhale" (from the Ingush "three-town"), being one of its three largest ancient cities-settlements.
History
On the territory of Khamkhi, the remains of megalithic cyclopean dwellings dating back to the 2nd-1st millennium BC were recorded.{{sfn|Чахкиев|2003|page=103}} It is here that scientists localized the ancient ethnonym Khamekits, mentioned by the ancient historian and geographer Strabo (transcribing the words "Khamekits" and "Khamkheti" as the "Country of Khamkhs").{{sfn|Виноградов|Чокаев|1966|page=67}}{{sfn|Очерки истории Чечено-Ингушской АССР|1967|page=25}}{{sfn|Крупнов|1971|page=28}}
In the late Middle Ages, Khamkhi was territorially part of the Khamkhin society as its center. The settlement is ancestral home for the following Ingush teips: Khamkhoevs, Izmailovs, Bekbuzarovs, Martazanovs, Katsievs, Adzhievs, Matsievs, Umarovs, Bersanovs, Fatkhilgovs, Kadievs.
In the second half of the 18th century (1770s), the German researcher J.A. Güldenstädt indicated Targim among the total number of Ingush villages and districts.{{sfn|Гюльденштедт|2002|page=241}} Khamkhi was mentioned as an Ingush village in 1823 by {{ill|S. M. Bronevskiy|ru|Броневский, Семён Михайлович}}.{{sfn|Броневский|1823|page=166}}
References
{{reflist|24em}}
Bibliography
- {{Cite book|last=Мальсагов|first=З. К.|year=1963|editor-last=Оздоева|editor-first=Ф. |url=https://dzurdzuki.com/download/malsagov-z-k-grammatika-ingushskogo-yazyka-1963/|title=Грамматика ингушского языка|trans-title=Grammar of the Ingush language|language=inh, ru|volume=5|edition=2nd |location=Грозный|publisher=Чечено-Ингушское Книжное Издательство|pages=1–164}}
- {{Cite book|last1=Виноградов|first1=В. Б.|last2=Чокаев|first2=К. З.|year=1966|editor-last=Виноградов |editor-first=В. Б.|title=Древние свидетельства о названиях и размещении нахских племён|trans-title=Ancient evidence of the names and location of the Nakh tribes|series=Археолого-этнографический сборник |language=ru|volume=7|edition=1st|location=Грозный|publisher=Чечено-Ингушское книжное издательство|pages=1–179}}
- {{Cite book|editor-last=Смирнов|editor-first=Н. С.|year=1967|title=Очерки истории Чечено-Ингушской АССР|trans-title=Essays on the history of the Checheno-Ingush ASSR|language=ru|volume=1|location=Грозный|publisher=Чечено-Ингушское книжное издательство|pages=1–316|ref={{harvid|Очерки истории Чечено-Ингушской АССР|1967}}}}
- {{Cite book|last=Крупнов|first=Е. И.|year=1971 |url=https://dzurdzuki.com/download/krupnov-e-i-srednevekovaya-ingushetiya-1971/ |title=Средневековая Ингушетия|trans-title=Medieval Ingushetia |language=ru |location=Москва|publisher=Наука|pages=1–211}}
- {{Cite book|last=Гюльденштедт|first=Иоганн Антон|author-link=Johann Anton Güldenstädt|editor-last=Карпов |editor-first=Ю. Ю.|year=2002|chapter-url=https://runivers.ru/bookreader/book10423/#page/239/mode/1up |chapter=VI. Провинция Кистия, или Кистетия |trans-chapter=VI. Province of Kistia, or Kistetia |url=https://runivers.ru/bookreader/book10423/#page/1/mode/1up|title=Путешествие по Кавказу в 1770-1773 гг..|trans-title=Journey through the Caucasus in 1770-1773.|language=ru|translator-last=Шафроновской |translator-first=Т. К.|location=Санкт-Петербург |publisher=Петербургское Востоковедение |pages=238–243 |isbn=5-85803-213-3}}
- {{Cite book|last=Броневский|first=С. М.|year=1823|chapter=Кисты (глава третья)|trans-chapter=Kists (chapter three) |url=http://www.elbrusoid.org/upload/iblock/00f/00f35ae1e21e7616627f35b682ed4d1b.pdf |title=Новейшие географические и исторические известия о Кавказе (часть вторая)|trans-title=The latest geographical and historical news about the Caucasus (part two)|language=ru |location=Москва |publisher=Типография С. Селивановского |pages=151–186}}
- {{Cite book|last=Чахкиев|first=Д. Ю.|year=2003|title=Древности Горной Ингушетии|trans-title=Antiquities of Mountainous Ingushetia|language=ru|volume=1}}
{{Rural localities in Ingushetia}}