Khri ma lod
{{Infobox royalty
| name = Khri ma lod
{{nobold|{{bo-textonly|ཁྲི་མ་ལོད}}}}
| title = Tsenmo
| image =
| caption =
| succession = Empress regent of Tibet
| reign = 675 – 689 (first regency)
| coronation =
| predecessor = Mangsong Mangtsen (as emperor)
| successor = Tridu Songtsen (as emperor)
| reign1 = 704 – 712 (second regency)
| predecessor1 = Tridu Songtsen (as emperor)
| successor1 = Me Agtsom (as emperor)
| full name = Khri ma lod
| father =
| mother =
|spouse = Mangsong Mangtsen
|issue = Tridu Songtsen
| birth_date =
| birth_place =
| death_date = 712
| death_place =
| date of burial =
| place of burial =
}}
{{ Infobox Tibetan-Chinese
| t = འབྲོ་ཟ་ཁྲི་མ་ལོད
| w = vbro za khri ma lod
| ipa =
| z =
| thdl = dro za tri ma lö
| e =
| tc =
| s =
| p =
}}
Empress Khri ma lod (or Thrimalö) was an empress consort and twice regent of Tibet. She was empress consort by marriage to emperor Mangsong Mangtsen. She was the ruler of the Tibetan empire twice: in 675-689 during the minority of her son emperor Tridu Songtsen, and in 704-712 during the minority of her grandson emperor Gyältsugru. Her title as regent was tsenmo (the female equivalent of tsenpo, the Tibetan title most frequently translated as emperor).
Life
Khri ma lod was married to emperor Mangsong Mangtsen (Trimang Löntsen' or Khri-mang-slon-rtsan). The emperor died in the winter of 676-677, and in the same year she gave birth to the emperor's son Tridu Songtsen (Khri 'dus-srong btsan or Khri-'dus-srong-rtsan).{{cite book | last=Beckwith |first= Christopher I. |title=The Tibetan Empire in Central Asia|year=1987 |publisher=Princeton University Press|isbn=0-691-02469-3}} pp. 14, 48, 50.
The Zhangzhung revolted early in her son's reign. She shared power with the Gar (Mgar) clan. When her son Tridu campaigned in the northeast 700-4 CE, she resumed her administrative regency at home.{{cite journal | author=Petech, Luciano | year=1988 |title=The Succession to the Tibetan Throne in 704-5 | journal=Orientalia Iosephi Tucci Memoriae Dicata, Serie Orientale Roma |volume=41 |issue=3 |pages= 1080–1087}}
Khri ma lod's grandson Gyältsugru (Rgyal-gtsug-ru) was born in 704 to her daughter-in-law Chimza Tsunmotog (mChims-bza' bTsan-ma Thog-thog-sten), Princess of Chim.Ancient Tibet: Research materials from the Yeshe De Project, pp. 238, 242. 1986. Dharma Publishing, California. {{ISBN|0-89800-146-3}}. Upon the death of Tridu Songtsen that year, his elder son Lha Balpo (Lha Bal-pho) briefly succeeded him before Khri ma lod dethroned him at Pong Lag-rang in favor of the infant Gyältsugru.{{cite book | author=Beckwith, C. I. |chapter=The Revolt of 755 in Tibet |pages= 1–14 | title=Weiner Studien zur Tibetologie und Buddhismuskunde, Nos. 10-11, Proceedings of the Csoma de Kőrös Symposium Held at Velm-Vienna, Austria, 13–19 September 1981 | editor=Ernst Steinkellner and Helmut Tauscher | volume= 1-2 | location=Vienna |year= 1983}}
Khri ma lod had arranged for a royal marriage of Gyältsugru to a Chinese princess. The Princess Jincheng (金城公主, Tibetan: Kyimshang Kongjo) arrived in 710, but it is somewhat unclear whether she married the seven-year-old Gyältsugru{{cite journal | author=Zuiho Yamaguchi | year=1996 | title=The Fiction of King Dar-ma's persecution of Buddhism| journal= De Dunhuang au Japon: Études chinoises et bouddhiques offertes à Michel Soymié | location=Geneva | publisher=Librarie Droz S.A.}}, 232 or the deposed Lha Balpo.Beckwith 1983: 276.
Khri ma lod died in 712. Gyältsugru was then officially enthroned with the royal name Tride Tsuktsän. Khri ma lod remains the only woman in Tibetan history to rule Tibet.
References
{{reflist}}
External links
- [http://www.guide2womenleaders.com/Tibet_Heads.htm Worldwide Guide to Women in Leadership]
- [http://studybuddhism.com/web/en/archives/e-books/unpublished_manuscripts/historical_interaction/pt1/history_cultures_05.html The Historical Interaction between the Buddhist and Islamic Cultures before the Mongol Empire]
{{Emperors of Tibet}}
Category:7th-century Tibetan people
Category:8th-century Tibetan people
Category:7th-century women regents
Category:8th-century women regents
Category:7th-century empresses consort
Category:Empresses consort of Tibet