Khusrau Malik
{{Short description|Ghaznavid sultan from 1160 to 1186}}
{{Multiple issues|
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{{Infobox monarch
| name = Khusrau Malik
ابوالمظفر خسروملک بن خسروشاه
| title = Sultan
| image =
| caption =
| succession = Sultan of Ghaznavid Empire
| reign = 1160 – 1186
| predecessor = Khusrau Shah
| successor = Muhammad of Ghor
| royal house =
| dynasty = House of Ghaznavid
| full name = Khusrau Malik bin Khusrau Shah
| father = Khusrau Shah
| birth_date = ?
| birth_place = Ghaznavid Empire
| death_date = 1191
| death_place = Ghur {{small|(now present day Afghanistan)}}
| religion = Sunni Islam
}}
Abu'l-Muzaffar Khusrau Malik ibn Khusrau-Shah ({{langx|fa|ابوالمظفر خسروملک بن خسروشاه}}), better known simply as Khusrau Malik ({{lang|fa|خسرو ملک}}; also spelled Khosrow), was the last Sultan of the Ghaznavid Empire, ruling from 1160 to 1186. He was the son and successor of Khusrau Shah (r. 1157–1160).
Reign
{{See also|Siege of Lahore (1186)}}
File:Billon Jital of Khusrau Malik, ruler of the Ghaznavid empire, struck in Lahore.jpg
In 1161/2, a group of Oghuz Turks seized the Ghaznavid capital of Ghazni, forcing Khusrau Malik to retreat to Lahore, which became his new capital. From there he made incursions into northern India, expanding his rule as far as southern Kashmir. He also created an alliance with the Indian Khokhar tribe. In 1170, Khusrau (or one of his commanders) invaded the southern part of the Ganges.
In 1178 the Ghurid ruler Mu'izz al-Din Muhammad invaded the southern part of Ghaznavid Punjab and reached as far as Gujarat. In 1179/80 he seized Peshawar, and by 1181/2 swept around Lahore, but Khusrau Malik managed to keep him from the city by paying him so he retreated from Lahore instead of laying siege to the city. However, Lahore was finally captured by the Ghurids in 1186, while Khusrau-Malik and his son Bahram-Shah were taken to Ghur and imprisoned, marking the end of the Ghaznavid Empire. Both were executed in 1191.{{sfn|Bosworth|1977|p=131}}
Sources
- {{cite book | title = The Cambridge History of Iran, Volume 5: The Saljuq and Mongol periods | year = 1968 | publisher = Cambridge University Press | location = Cambridge | editor-last = Frye | editor-first = R. N. | last = Bosworth | first = C. E. | author-link = C. E. Bosworth | chapter = The Political and Dynastic History of the Iranian World (A.D. 1000–1217) | pages = 1–202 | isbn = 0-521-06936-X | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=16yHq5v3QZAC&pg=PA1}}
- {{cite book |title=The Later Ghaznavids |first=C.E. |last=Bosworth |publisher=Columbia University Press |year=1977 }}
- {{cite encyclopedia | article = The Encyclopedia of Islam, VII | last = Bosworth | first = C. E. | encyclopedia = The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Vol. VII | publisher = Brill | location = | year = 1993 | isbn = 90-04-09419-9 | pages = 1–1056 | url = https://archive.org/stream/EncyclopaediaDictionaryIslamMuslimWorldEtcGibbKramerScholars.13/07.EncycIslam.NewEdPrepNumLeadOrient.EdEdComCon.BosDonLewPel.etc.UndPatIUA.v7.Mif-Naz.Leid.EJBrill.1993.#page/n1/mode/2up}}
- {{cite encyclopedia | article = GHAZNAVIDS | last = Bosworth | first = C. Edmund | author-link = C. Edmund Bosworth | url = http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/ghaznavids | editor-last = | editor-first = | editor-link = | encyclopedia = Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. X, Fasc. 6 | pages = 578–583 | location = London et al. | publisher = | year = 2001 | isbn = }}
- {{cite encyclopedia | article = ḴOSROW MALEK | last = Bosworth | first = C. Edmund | author-link = C. Edmund Bosworth | url = http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/kosrow-malek | editor-last = | editor-first = | editor-link = | encyclopedia = Encyclopaedia Iranica | pages = | location = | publisher = | year = 2013 | isbn = }}
{{s-start}}
{{s-hou|House of Sabuktegin||?||12th-century}}
{{s-reg|}}
{{s-bef|before=Khusrau Shah}}
{{s-ttl|title=Sultan of the Ghaznavid Empire|years=1160–1186}}
{{s-aft|after=Ghurid rule}}
{{s-end}}
{{Ghaznavid sultans}}