Kim Hyong-jik

{{Infobox person

| honorific-prefix = Seonsaeng{{cite web|url=http://www.uriminzokkiri.com/index.php?ptype=igisa1&no=107951&pagenum=107|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180527193008/http://www.uriminzokkiri.com/index.php?ptype=igisa1&no=107951&pagenum=107|url-status=dead|archive-date=27 May 2018|script-title=ko:김형직선생의 지원의 사상은 영원히 빛날것이라고 나이제리아단체 강조|publisher=Uriminzokkiri|date=28 March 2016|access-date=27 May 2018}}

| name = Kim Hyong-jik

| native_name = {{nobold|김형직}}

| native_name_lang = ko

| image = Kim Hyong-Jik portrait.webp

| caption = Kim in 1921

| birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1894|7|10}}

| birth_place = Mangyongdae, Joseon

| death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|1926|6|5|1894|7|10}}

| death_place = Jilin Province, Republic of China

| parents = Kim Pohyŏn
Lee Bo-ik

| spouse = Kang Pan Sok

| children = Kim Il Sung
Kim Chol-ju
Kim Yong-ju

| relatives = Kim family

}}

{{Infobox Korean name

|context=north

|hangul=김형직

|hanja=金亨稷

|rr=Gim Hyeongjik

|mr=Kim Hyŏngjik

}}

Kim Hyong-jik ({{Korean|hangul=김형직}}; 10 July 1894 – 5 June 1926) was a Korean independence activist during Japanese rule. He was the father of the North Korean founder Kim Il Sung, the paternal grandfather of Kim Jong Il, and a great-grandfather of the current leader of North Korea, Kim Jong Un.

Biography

Little is known about Kim. Born on 10 July 1894,Baik Bong, Kim Il Sung, Volume I: From Birth to the Triumphant Return to the Homeland (Dar al-Talia Publishers: Beirut Lebanon, 1973) p. 19.{{unreliable source?|date=January 2019}} in the small village of Mangyongdae, situated atop a peak called Mangyungbong (만경봉(萬景峰),"All-Seeing Peak") just 12 kilometers downstream on the Taedong River from Pyongyang, Kim was the son of Kim Pohyŏn (1871–1955).{{cite journal |author=Hyung-chan Kim |date=2003 |title=Kim Jong Il's North Korea and Its Survivability |journal=Korea and World Affairs |issn=0251-3072 |oclc=3860590 |publisher=Pʻyŏnghwa Tʻongil Yŏnʼguso |location=Korea |volume=27 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CglyAAAAMAAJ&q=kim+grandfather+1871+1955 |page=251 |quote=One also has to accept the existence of Kim Bo-hyeon (1871–1955), Kim Il-sung's grandfather, who participated in anti-Japanese activities.}}{{cite magazine |url=http://www.newyorker.com/archive/2003/09/08/030908fa_fact4?currentPage=all |title=Alone in the dark |magazine=The New Yorker |first=Philip |last=Gourevitch |date=8 September 2003 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131017213109/http://www.newyorker.com/archive/2003/09/08/030908fa_fact4?currentPage=all |archive-date=17 October 2013 |url-status=live }} Kim attended Sungshil School ({{Korean|hangul=평양숭실학교|labels=no}}), which was run by American missionaries, and became a teacher at the Sunhwa school ({{Korean|hangul=순화학교|labels=no}}) in Mangyongdae in 1913 and the Christian Myongsin school ({{Korean|hangul=명신학교|labels=no}}) in Ponghwa-ri, Kangdong County in 1916 and later worked as a herbal pharmacist. According to the North Korean official sources, he died as a result of numerous medical problems, including third-degree frostbite.

Kim and his wife attended Christian churches, and Kim even served as a part-time Protestant missionary.{{Cite web | title = Kim Il-sung: disastrous founder of communist N. Korea | author = Lankov | first = Andrei | work=The Korea Times | date = 17 August 2011 | access-date = 2 August 2016 | url = https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/nation/2011/08/117_92972.html }} It was reported that his son, Kim Il Sung, attended church services during his teenage years before becoming an atheist later in life.{{cite web|url=http://www.moreorless.au.com/killers/kim-il-sung.html |title=Kim Il Sung killer file |publisher=Moreorless : Heroes and killers of the 20th century |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051205084244/http://www.moreorless.au.com/killers/kim-il-sung.html |archive-date=5 December 2005 }}{{Cite journal |last=Ch'oe |first=Yŏng-ho |date=1986 |title=Christian Background in the Early Life of Kim Il-Song |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/2644258 |journal=Asian Survey |volume=26 |issue=10 |pages=1082–1091 |doi=10.2307/2644258 |issn=0004-4687}}

Kim Il Sung often spoke of his father's idea of chiwŏn (지원(志遠), righteous aspirations).

Kim Jong Il's official government biography states that his grandfather was "the leader of the anti-Japanese national liberation movement and was a pioneer in shifting the direction from the nationalist movement to the communist movement in Korea".{{cite book|title=Kim Jong Il: Short Biography|url=http://www.naenara.com.kp/en/book/download.php?4+4037#.pdf|publisher=Foreign Languages Publishing House|location=Pyongyang|oclc=79301411|page=2}} Kim Hyong-jik is claimed by North Korea to have convened an important meeting of independence activists in November, 1921 memorialized at the Sansong Revolutionary Site.

Family

Father: Kim Pohyŏn (3 October 1871 – 2 September 1955)
Paternal grandfather: Kim Ŭngu (17 June 1848 – 4 October 1878)
Paternal grandmother: Lady Yi ({{Korean|hangul=이씨|labels=no}})
Mother: Lee Bo-ik ({{korean|hangul=이보익|labels=no}}; 31 May 1876 – 18 October 1959)
Two brothers
Kim Hyŏngnok ({{Korean|hangul=김형록|labels=no}})
Kim Hyŏnggwŏn (4 November 1905 – 12 January 1936)
Three sisters
Kim Kuil ({{Korean|hangul=김구일|labels=no}})
Kim Hyŏngsil ({{Korean|hangul=김형실|labels=no}})
Kim Hyŏngpok ({{Korean|hangul=김형복|labels=no}})
Wife: Kang Pan Sok
First son: Kim Il Sung (15 April 1912 – 8 July 1994)
Second son: Kim Chol-ju (12 June 1916 – 14 June 1935)
Third son: Kim Yong-ju (1920–2021)

Kim Hyong-jik

Biography

Family

References

Further reading