Kingcraft
{{Short description|British-bred Thoroughbred racehorse}}
{{Infobox racehorse
| horsename = Kingcraft
| image_name = Harry Hall - Kingcraft Bay Racehorse 1877.jpg
| caption = Kingcraft. Painting by Harry Hall, 1877
| sire = King Tom
| grandsire =Harkaway
| dam = Woodcraft
| damsire = Voltigeur
| sex = Stallion
| foaled = 1867
| country = United Kingdom
| colour = Bay
| breeder = Evelyn Boscawen, 6th Viscount Falmouth
| owner = Lord Falmouth
| trainer = Mathew Dawson
| record = 26: 9-4-4 (incomplete)
| race = Derby Stakes (1870)
| awards =
| honours =
|updated=
}}
Kingcraft (1867–1887) was a British Thoroughbred racehorse and sire. He was one of the leading British two-year-old of his generation, winning six of his nine races in 1869. The following year he finished third in the 2000 Guineas and then recorded his most important victory when winning The Derby. Later in the year he finished second in the St Leger. Kingcraft remained in training for two more seasons but had little further success and was retired to stud. He was later sold for export to the United States but died in transit to his new base in Kentucky.
Background
Kingcraft, a handsome but "delicate-looking"{{cite web|url=http://www.tbheritage.com/Portraits/KingTom.html#Kingcraft |title=King Tom |publisher=Tbheritage.com |access-date=2012-01-05}} bay horse standing 16 hands high, was bred by his owner Evelyn Boscawen, 6th Viscount Falmouth at his stud at Mereworth Castle in Kent.{{cite book | last1 = Mortimer | first1 = Roger |last2=Onslow|first2=Richard|last3=Willett|first3=Peter| title = Biographical Encyclopedia of British Flat Racing| publisher=Macdonald and Jane's | year = 1978| isbn = 0-354-08536-0}}
He was sired by King Tom a successful racehorse who became an important sire, being the Leading sire in Great Britain and Ireland in 1870 and 1871.{{cite web|url=http://www.tbheritage.com/HistoricSires/LeadingSires/GBLeadSires.html |title=Leading Sires of Great Britain and Ireland |publisher=Tbheritage.com |access-date=2012-01-05}} Lord Falmouth sent the colt into training with Mathew Dawson at his private stable at Heath House at Newmarket, Suffolk.{{cite web |url=http://www.horseracinghistory.co.uk/hrho/action/viewDocument?id=876 |title=Horseracing History Online – Person Profile : Mathew Dawson |publisher=Horseracinghistory.co.uk |access-date=2012-01-05 |archive-date=2012-06-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120616124511/http://www.horseracinghistory.co.uk/hrho/action/viewDocument?id=876 |url-status=dead }}
Racing career
=1869: two-year-old season=
Kingcraft began his career in a Triennial Stakes at Ascot in which he was beaten a head by a filly. He then won his next six races including the Chesterfield Stakes at Newmarket, the Ham Stakes at Goodwood and the Convivial Stakes at York.
In autumn he ran at Newmarket, winning the Buckenham Stakes and a Triennial Stakes and then walking over in the October Produce Stakes when no other horses opposed him,{{cite news|url=https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&cl=search&d=GRA18700903.2.18&srpos=1&e=01-09-1870-30-09-1870--10--1----0kingcraft-- |via=Papers Past|work=Grey River Argus |date=3 September 1870|title=THE DERBY OF 1870|access-date=2012-01-05}} before contesting one of the year's most prestigious two-year-old races, the Middle Park Plate. His previous successes meant that he had to carry a seven pound weight penalty, as did the season's leading filly Sunshine. In a rough finish, Sunshine was beaten a head by another filly, Frivolity, with Kingcraft a further head behind in third.{{cite news|url=https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&cl=search&d=GRA18700115.2.18&srpos=1&e=01-01-1870-31-03-1870--10--1----0kingcraft-- |via=Papers Past|work=Grey River Argus |date=15 January 1870|title=SPORTING|access-date=2012-01-05}} On his final start in the Criterion Stakes he was beaten by yet another filly named Hester, who went on to win the following year's 1000 Guineas. Although the defeat was disappointing, it was pointed out that Kingcraft was not an "every day" horse and may not have recovered from his run in the Middle Park. Kingcraft's performances as a two-year-old earned his owner £3,765.{{cite news|url=https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&cl=search&d=NENZC18700521.2.16&srpos=2&e=01-05-1870-31-05-1870--10--1----0kingcraft-- |via=Papers Past|work=Nelson Examiner and New Zealand Chronicle|date=21 May 1870|title=SPORTING NOTES. [BY A CORRESPONDENT]|access-date=2012-01-05}}
Kingcraft went into the winter break regarded as the leading colt of his generation, being second favourite for the 1870 Derby behind Sunshine.{{cite news|url=https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&cl=search&d=ST18700211.2.18&srpos=3&e=01-01-1870-31-03-1870--10--1----0kingcraft-- |via=Papers Past|work=Southland Times |date=11 February 1870|title=ENGLISH EXTRACTS|access-date=2012-01-05}}
=1870: three-year-old season=
File:Boscawen E Vanity Fair 1877-09-01.jpg
Kingcraft remained a leading fancy for the Classics in the spring of 1870, but a great deal of interest and money was invested in an unraced colt called Macgregor. One analysis of the candidates for the 2000 Guineas offered the view that while Kingcraft possessed brilliant speed, his courage or "pluck" was questionable.{{cite news|url=https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&cl=search&d=NENZC18700528.2.22&srpos=1&e=01-05-1870-31-05-1870--10--1----0kingcraft-- |work=Nelson Examiner and New Zealand Chronicle|date=28 May 1870|title=SPORTING NOTES. THE TWO THOUSAND GUINEAS |via=Papers Past|access-date=2012-01-05}} On his three-year-old debut, Kingcraft started 2/1 favourite{{cite news|url=https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&cl=search&d=NENZC18700629.2.23&srpos=1&e=16-06-1870-30-06-1870--10--1----0kingcraft-- |work=Nelson Examiner and New Zealand Chronicle|date=29 June 1870|title=TURF NOTES |via=Papers Past|access-date=2012-01-05}} for the 2000 Guineas at Newmarket in a field of ten runners. He produced a "miserable" effort, never reaching the lead and finishing third, seven lengths behind Macgregor who won very impressively.{{cite news|url=https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&cl=search&d=NENZC18700720.2.12&srpos=3&e=16-07-1870-31-07-1870--10--1----0kingcraft-- |work=Nelson Examiner and New Zealand Chronicle|date=20 July 1870|title=SPORTING|via=Papers Past|access-date=2012-01-05}}
Macgregor was the subject of a huge public gamble for the Derby on June 1, and was made one of the shortest-priced favourites in the history of the race at odds of 4/9. Kingcraft on the other hand was almost forgotten and started a 20/1 outsider in a field of fifteen.{{cite book | last1 = Morris | first1 = Tony |last2=Randall|first2=John| title = Horse Racing: Records, Facts, Champions|edition=Third| publisher=Guinness Publishing | year = 1990| isbn = 0-85112-902-1}} According to a report in The Spectator the weather on Derby day was poor and the crowd smaller than usual.{{cite news|url=https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&cl=search&d=TC18700823.2.15&srpos=4&e=01-08-1870-31-08-1870--10--1----0kingcraft-- |work=Colonist|date=23 August 1870|title=VARIETIES |via=Papers Past|access-date=2012-01-05}} Ridden by Tom French, Kingcraft was saddled away from the main paddock and disappointed the crowd by failing to take part in the parade in front of the stands. The start of the race was delayed for some time by the behaviour of Cockney Boy who refused to line up with the other runners. When the race got under way French restrained Kingcraft at the back of the field in the early stages before making steady progress from half way. Approaching the turn into the straight, French pulled Kingcraft to the wide outside, avoiding the congestion and bumping along the rail. The outsiders Palmerston and Muster led the race in the straight from Macgregor, but two furlongs from the finish the favourite came under pressure and was soon beaten. French made his move on Kingcraft just over a furlong from the finish, took the lead from Palmerston and quickly pulled clear to win by four lengths. The win delighted the bookmakers who had heavy liabilities on Macgregor.{{cite news|url=https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&cl=search&d=NENZC18700817.2.14&srpos=9&e=01-08-1870-31-08-1870--10--1----0kingcraft-- |work=Nelson Examiner and New Zealand Chronicle|date=17 August 1870|title=THE SUEZ MAIL |via=Papers Past|access-date=2012-01-05}} Lord Falmouth had accepted a bet of sixpence on Kingcraft from the wife of his trainer Mathew Dawson. After Kingcraft won, he presented Mrs Dawson with a sixpence set in a £500 silver bracelet.{{cite web|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article3426398?|date=25 Jan 1884|title=CELEBRATED RACING MEN. [CONTINUED.] |via=Trove |access-date=2012-01-05}} Kingcraft was allowed to walk over in the Great Surrey Foal Stakes at the same meeting.{{cite web|url=http://eris.uky.edu/catalog/xt7bnz80km02_840/text |title=Page 370 of Some celebrated racehorses of the past centuries : with their respective pedigrees and performances recorded in full (vol. 3) / by Thomas Henry Taunton. – Kentucky Digital Library |publisher=Eris.uky.edu |access-date=2012-01-05}}
The difficulties of early telegraphic communication were illustrated by the reporting of the race by the "American Press Association". Receiving two slightly different reports of the race within a short space of time, the APA reporter assumed that two different events were being described and reported that the race had been run in two heats, with Kingcraft winning both.{{cite news|url=https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&cl=search&d=NENZC18700921.2.9&srpos=2&e=01-09-1870-30-09-1870--10--1----0kingcraft-- |work=Nelson Examiner and New Zealand Chronicle|date=21 September 1870|title=SPORTING- NOTES. SALE OF YEARLINGS |via=Papers Past|access-date=2012-01-05}}
On 24 September, Kingcraft started 2/1 favourite for the St Leger at Doncaster ahead of Palmerston and Sunlight. Tom French held Kingcraft up in the early stages before producing him on the inside to take the lead in the straight. He looked the likely winner until Hawthornden emerged with a strong challenge on the wide outside. Inside the final furlong Kingcraft was overtaken and beaten half a length in an exciting finish. Later at the same meeting he ran in the Doncaster Stakes over one and a half miles in which he started favourite at 7/4 but finished fourth of the five runners behind Enterprise.{{cite web|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article65473195?|date=3 Dec 1870|title=DONCASTER. WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 14TH |via=Trove |access-date=2012-01-05}} In October, Kingcraft ran four times at Newmarket, but his only success came when he walked over in the Select Stakes. He finished second in a Triennial Stakes, fourth in the Newmarket St Leger and fourth in the All-Aged Stakes. His performances led to speculation that his hard race in the St Leger had "subdued his spirit"{{cite web|url=http://eris.uky.edu/catalog/xt7bnz80km02_841/text |title=Page 371 of Some celebrated racehorses of the past centuries : with their respective pedigrees and performances recorded in full (vol. 3) / by Thomas Henry Taunton. – Kentucky Digital Library |publisher=Eris.uky.edu |access-date=2012-01-05}}
=Later career=
Kingcraft had little success in two more seasons, although he ran in many important races. In April 1871 he was beaten by Palmerston in the Claret Stakes at Newmarket. At Ascot in June Kingcraft ran in the Gold Cup in which he finished fifth of the seven runners behind the French-trained Mortemer.{{cite web|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article60875098?|date=14 Aug 1871|title=ENGLISH SPORTING ITEMS. ASCOT RACES |via=Trove |access-date=2012-01-05}} He was also beaten in a Triennial Stakes and the same meeting. At Newmarket in October that autumn he started at odds of 20/1 for the Cesarewitch Handicap and ran unplaced behind Corisande.{{cite web|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article27268970?|date=23 Dec 1871|title=THE TURF IN ENGLAND |via=Trove |access-date=2012-01-05}} Later that month at the same racecourse he finished fifth to Sabinus in the Cambridgeshire.{{cite web|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article13249796?|date=26 Dec 1871|title=SPORTING |via=Trove |access-date=2012-01-05}}
On 23 April 1872 Kingcraft returned to Epsom, the scene of his biggest win, and ran unplaced in the City and Suburban Handicap won by Digby Grand.{{cite web|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article60863064?|date=9 Jul 1872|title=EPSOM SPRING MEETING.—APRIL. 23 |via=Trove |access-date=2012-01-05}} At Goodwood in July he produced his best performance for almost two years when he stayed on in the straight to take third place behind the favourite Spennithorne in the Goodwood Stakes over two and a half miles.{{cite web|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article70497377?|date=28 Sep 1872|title=English Turf. GOODWOOD RACES |via=Trove |access-date=2012-01-05}} Later that season he ran in the Liverpool Autumn Cup and was made joint favourite. Ridden by Charles Maidment he held the lead in the closing stages but although he ran on with "great gameness" he was beaten a head by the three-year-old Vanderdecken.{{cite web|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article70476323?|date=1 Feb 1873|title=English Turf. LIVERPOOL AUTUMN MEETING |via=Trove |access-date=2012-01-05}} The winning time of 2:33.5 was one of the fastest ever recorded for a mile and a half.{{cite web|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article28692612?|date=15 Feb 1873|title=TIME COMPARISONS. [From the English Sportsman.] |via=Trove|access-date=2012-01-05}}
Assessment
William Allison, in his book "Memories of Men and Horses" described Kingcraft as "the best-looking Derby winner I have seen" but "a bad one according to classic standard."{{cite web|author=William Allison|url=http://www.ebooksread.com/authors-eng/william-allison/memories-of-men-and-horses-hci/page-12-memories-of-men-and-horses-hci.shtml |title=Memories of men and horses|publisher=Ebooksread.com |access-date=2012-01-05}} The Pall Mall Budget called Kingcraft "one of the worst horses which have ever won the Derby" and his opposition at Epsom as "rubbish."{{cite web|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article3429950?|date=12 May 1884|title=LORD FALMOUTHS RACEHORSES. (Pall Mall Budget.) |via=Trove |access-date=2012-01-05}}
Stud career
Kingcraft was retired to his owners stud where he had limited success. The best of his offspring were Swift and Vernet, both of whom won the Grand Critérium. When Lord Falmouth decided to dispose of all his horses in 1884 Kingcraft was bought for 500 guineas by Lord Rossmore.{{cite web|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article28367941?|date=11 Aug 1884|title=THE SALE OF LOUD FALMOUTH'S STUD |via=Trove|access-date=2012-01-05}} Four months later on 8 December Lord Rossmore sold Kingcraft for 530 guineas.{{cite news |title=The County |work=The Cornishman |issue=334 |date=11 December 1884 |page=4}} He was sent to Ireland where he stood at the Athgarvan Stud at the Curragh. The best of his Irish runners was Springfield Maid a notable steeplechaser who won the Irish Grand National and the Galway Plate. He was later sold to Daniel Swigert{{cite web|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article19922307?|date=22 Jan 1887|title=RACING NOTES |via=Trove|access-date=2012-01-05}} of Elmendorf Farm at the end of 1886, but died on board ship six days after leaving England.{{cite web|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article18900372?|date=5 Feb 1887|title=Sporting Gossip |via=Trove |access-date=2012-01-05}}
Pedigree
{{Pedigree
|name = Kingcraft (GB), bay stallion, 1867
|inf =
|f = King Tom (GB)
1851
|m = Woodcraft (GB)
1861
|ff = Harkaway
1834
|fm = Pocahontas
1837
|mf = Voltigeur
1847
|mm = Venison mare
1849
|fff = Economist
|ffm = Fanny Dawson
|fmf = Glencoe
|fmm = Marpessa
|mff = Voltaire
|mfm = Martha Lynn
|mmf = Venison
|mmm = Wedding-day
|ffff = Whisker
|fffm = Floranthe
|ffmf = Nablockish
|ffmm = Miss Tooley
|fmff =Sultan
|fmfm = Trampoline
|fmmf = Muley
|fmmm = Clare
|mfff = Blacklock
|mffm = Phantom mare
|mfmf =Mulatto
|mfmm = Leda
|mmff = Partisan
|mmfm = Fawn
|mmmf = Camel
|mmmm = Margellina (Family: 11-g){{cite web|author=Patricia Erigero Thoroughbred Heritage |url=http://www.tbheritage.com/HistoricDams/EngFoundationMares/Family11/Family11.html |title=11 Sedbury Royal Mare |publisher=Tbheritage.com |access-date=2012-01-05}}}}