Kirov-class battlecruiser
{{short description|Class of Russian battlecruisers}}
{{for|the World War II era class|Kirov-class cruiser{{!}}Kirov-class cruiser}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2024}}
| {{Infobox ship begin}}
{{Infobox ship image | Ship image = Kirov-class battlecruiser.jpg | Ship caption = Kirov-class battlecruiser {{ship|Soviet battlecruiser|Frunze | 2}}
}} {{Infobox ship class overview | Name = Kirov class | Builders = Baltic Shipyard, Leningrad | Operators = *{{navy|Soviet Union}}
| Class before = * {{sclass|Kara|cruiser|4}} | Class after = *{{sclass|Lider|destroyer|4}} | Subclass = SSV-333 Ural | Subclasses = | Cost = | Built range = 1974–1998 | In service range = 1980–present | In commission range = | Total ships building = | Total ships planned = 5 | Total ships completed = 4 | Total ships cancelled = 1 | Total ships active = 1 (1 undergoing refit) | Total ships laid up = | Total ships retired = 2 }} {{Infobox ship characteristics | Hide header = | Header caption = | Ship type = Heavy guided-missile cruiser/battlecruiser | Ship displacement = * 24,300 tons standard
| Ship length = {{convert|252|m|ft|abbr=on}} | Ship beam = {{convert|28.5|m|ft|abbr=on}} | Ship height = | Ship draft = {{convert|9.1|m|ft|abbr=on}} | Ship hold depth = | Ship decks = | Ship deck clearance = | Ship ramps = | Ship propulsion = * 2-shaft CONAS, 2× KN-3 nuclear marine propulsion with 2× GT3A-688 steam turbines
| Ship sail plan = | Ship speed = {{convert|32|kn}} | Ship range = *{{convert|1000|nmi|abbr=on}} at {{convert|30|kn|abbr=on}} (combined propulsion)
| Ship endurance = | Ship complement = 710 | Ship sensors = * Radars: (NATO reporting name):
| Ship EW = 2 × PK-2 Decoy dispensers (400 rockets) | Ship armament = * Missiles:
| Ship armour = 76 mm plating around reactor compartment, light splinter protection | Ship armor = | Ship aircraft = 3 helicopters | Ship aircraft facilities = Below-deck hangar | Ship notes = }} |
The Kirov class, Soviet designation Project 1144 Orlan ({{langx |ru| Орлан | translation = sea eagle}}), is a class of nuclear-powered guided-missile heavy cruisers of the Soviet Navy and Russian Navy, the largest and heaviest surface combatant warships (i.e. not an aircraft carrier or amphibious assault ship) in operation in the world. Among modern warships, they are second in size only to large aircraft carriers; they are similar in size to a World War I-era battleship. Defence commentators in the West often refer to these ships as battlecruisers – due to their size and general appearance.Armi da guerra, De Agostini, Novara, 1985. The Soviet classification of the ship-type is "heavy nuclear-powered guided-missile cruiser" ({{langx|ru|тяжёлый атомный ракетный крейсер}}).
The appearance of the Kirov class (first exemplar commissioned in 1979) played a key role in the recommissioning of the {{sclass|Iowa|battleship|2}}s by the United States Navy in the 1980s.{{cite news |url= https://www.nytimes.com/1981/03/13/us/pentagon-likes-budget-proposal-but-questions-specifics-military-analysis.html |last= Middleton |first= Drew |title= Pentagon likes budget proposal, but questions specifics |work=The New York Times |date=13 March 1981 |page=A14}}Bishop, p. 80.Miller & Miller, p. 114.
The Kirov class hull-design was also used for the Soviet nuclear-powered command and control ship SSV-33 Ural.
History
Originally built for the Soviet Navy, the class is named after the first of a series of four ships constructed, {{ship|Russian battlecruiser|Admiral Ushakov||2}}, named Kirov until 1992. Original plans called for construction of five ships. The fifth vessel was planned to be named Fleet Admiral of the Soviet Union Kuznetsov, also referred as Dzerzhinsky. The name was later changed to Oktyabrskaya Revolutsiya (October Revolution),{{cite web |first=John |last=Pike |url=http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/russia/1144-list.htm |title=Kirov Class – Project 1144.2 |publisher=GlobalSecurity.org |date=19 March 2012 |access-date=9 February 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222101437/http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/russia/1144-list.htm |archive-date=22 February 2014 |url-status=live}} and then just Kuznetsov;{{cite web |first=John |last=Pike |url=http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/russia/1144.htm |title=Kirov Class – Project 1144.2 |publisher=GlobalSecurity.org |access-date=9 February 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222101439/http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/russia/1144.htm |archive-date=22 February 2014 |url-status=live}} but on 4 October 1990, plans for construction of a fifth vessel were abandoned.
The lead ship of the class, {{ship|Soviet battlecruiser|Kirov||2}}, was laid down in March 1974 at Leningrad's Baltiysky Naval Shipyard, launched on 27 December 1977 and commissioned on 30 December 1980. When she appeared for the first time, NATO observers called her BALCOM I (Baltic Combatant I). Kirov suffered a reactor accident in 1990 during her second deployment, which was in the Mediterranean Sea. Repairs were never carried out due to lack of funds and the changing political situation in the Soviet Union, and she was placed in reserve where she was renamed Admiral Ushakov in 1992.{{Cite web | url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/davidaxe/2021/04/13/russia-is-trying-to-restore-a-giant-nuclear-battlecruiser-its-not-working-out/?sh=71cac1421d1a | title=Russia is Trying to Restore a Giant Nuclear Battlecruiser—It's Not Working Out | website=Forbes }} She is presently laid up and was slated to be scrapped in 2021.
{{ship|Soviet battlecruiser|Frunze||2}}, the second vessel in the class, was commissioned in 1984. She was assigned to the Pacific Fleet. In 1992, she was renamed Admiral Lazarev. The ship became inactive in 1994 and was decommissioned four years later. On 21 February 2021, the Russian Armed Forces and the Russian State Atomic Energy Corporation Rosatom, signed a contract to dismantle and scrap the nuclear powered heavy cruiser. Admiral Lazarev set sail 30 April 2021 for 30th Shipyard. Dismantlement should be completed by 30 November 2025.{{cite web |last1=White |first1=Ryan |title=Russia to scrap nuclear battlecruiser Admiral Lazarev |url=https://navalpost.com/admiral-lazarev-scrap-kirov-class-battlecruiser/ |website=Naval Post |date=21 February 2021 |access-date=13 October 2021}}
{{ship|Soviet battlecruiser|Kalinin||2}}, now Admiral Nakhimov, was the third ship to enter service, in 1988. She was also assigned to the Northern Fleet. Renamed Admiral Nakhimov in 1992, she was mothballed in 1999 and reactivated in 2005. She is undergoing overhaul and modernization at Severodvinsk Shipyard.
Construction of the fourth ship, Yuriy Andropov, encountered many delays; her construction was started in 1986 but was not commissioned until 1998. She was renamed {{ship|Russian battlecruiser|Pyotr Veliky||2}} (after Peter the Great) in 1992.{{cite book |first=Ю.В. |last=Апалков |date=2003 |title=Ударные корабли, Том II, часть I |location=Санкт-Петербург |publisher=Галея Принт |language=ru}} She currently serves as the flagship of Russia's Northern Fleet.
In 1983, a command and control ship, SSV-33 Ural, was launched, although the ship would not be officially commissioned until 1989. She utilized the basic hull design of the Kirov-class vessels, but with a modified superstructure, different armament, and was intended for a different role within the Soviet Navy. Ural was decommissioned and laid up in 2001, due to high operating costs, and scrapped starting in 2010.
On 23 March 2004, English language press reported the Russian Navy Commander-in-Chief, Fleet Admiral Vladimir Kuroedov said Pyotr Veliky{{'}}s reactor was in an extremely bad condition and could explode "at any moment", a statement which may have been the result of internal politics within the Russian Navy.{{cite web |url=http://www.bellona.org/english_import_area/international/russia/navy/northern_fleet/incidents/32924 |title=Kuroyedov declares 'Peter the Great' could explode 'at any moment' |first=Charles |last=Digges |date=23 March 2004 |website=Bellona |access-date=28 December 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110929123430/http://www.bellona.org/english_import_area/international/russia/navy/northern_fleet/incidents/32924 |archive-date=29 September 2011}} The ship was sent to port for a month, and the crew lost one-third of their pay.
Russia initially planned to reactivate Admiral Ushakov and {{ship|Russian battlecruiser|Admiral Lazarev||2}} by 2020,{{cite web |url=http://www.rianovosti.com/military_news/20130613/181647304/Upgraded-Nuclear-Cruiser-to-Rejoin-Russian-Navy-in-2018.html |title=Upgraded Nuclear Cruiser to Rejoin Russian Navy in 2018 |website=RIA Novosti |date=13 June 2013 |access-date=9 February 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130615213933/http://www.rianovosti.com/military_news/20130613/181647304/Upgraded-Nuclear-Cruiser-to-Rejoin-Russian-Navy-in-2018.html |archive-date=15 June 2013}} but it was later indicated that the condition of the reactor cores of both ships was such that it would prove difficult, expensive and potentially dangerous to remove the spent nuclear fuel and repair the cores. As a consequence, both ships were earmarked for scrapping in 2021.{{Cite web |url=https://www.navyrecognition.com/index.php/news/defence-news/2019/april/6991-russia-four-submarines-and-two-cruisers-to-be-scrapped-by-2021.html |title=Russia: four submarines and two cruisers to be scrapped by 2021 |date=April 2019 |website=Navyrecognition.com |access-date=4 May 2021}} The scrapping of Admiral Lazarev began in early 2021.{{Cite web |url=https://zakupki.gov.ru/epz/contract/contractCard/common-info.html?reestrNumber=1770641334821000012 |title=Карточка контракта № 1770641334821000012: Утилизация тяжелого атомного ракетного крейсера "Адмирал Лазарев" проекта 1144.1 заводской № 801 |trans-title=Contract card No. 1770641334821000012: Disposal of the heavy nuclear missile cruiser "Admiral Lazarev" of project 1144.1 serial number 801 |website=Federal Treasury |language=ru |access-date=21 February 2021 |archive-date=4 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210504143850/https://zakupki.gov.ru/epz/contract/contractCard/common-info.html?reestrNumber=1770641334821000012 |url-status=dead }}
As of early 2022, only {{ship|Russian battlecruiser|Pyotr Velikiy||2}} was operational. Modernization of Admiral Nakhimov is ongoing and was reported, in 2021, to continue until "at least" 2023,{{Cite web |url=https://tass.com/defense/1274887 |title=Handover of Admiral Nakhimov battlecruiser to Russian navy postponed – source |date=7 April 2021 |website=TASS}} with the modernization of Pyotr Velikiy to immediately follow and last for about three years.{{cite web |url=http://bellona.org/news/nuclear-issues/2015-09-russias-flagship-nuclear-battle-cruiser-the-worlds-largest-puts-in-for-repairs |title=Russia's flagship nuclear battle cruiser – the world's largest – puts in for repairs |date=9 September 2015 |website=Bellona.org |access-date=13 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160314063412/http://bellona.org/news/nuclear-issues/2015-09-russias-flagship-nuclear-battle-cruiser-the-worlds-largest-puts-in-for-repairs |archive-date=14 March 2016 |url-status=live}}{{cite magazine |url=https://nationalinterest.org/blog/buzz/deadly-russian-warship-closest-thing-battleship-sailing-today-45077 |title=This Deadly Russian Warship Is the Closest Thing to a Battleship Sailing Today |date=20 February 2019 |magazine=The National Interest |access-date=1 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190501070937/https://nationalinterest.org/blog/buzz/deadly-russian-warship-closest-thing-battleship-sailing-today-45077 |archive-date=1 May 2019 |url-status=live}} However, in early 2022, Sevmash CEO Mikhail Budnichenko stated that the ship would be delivered to the Russian Navy in 2022. This deadline would also be missed, and Sevmash later clarified that they expected to return the ship to service in 2024.{{Cite web |last=Новости |first=Р. И. А. |date=2023-02-27 |title=Атомный ракетный крейсер "Адмирал Нахимов" вернется на флот в 2024 году |url=https://ria.ru/20230227/nakhimov-1854515850.html |access-date=2024-01-05 |website=РИА Новости |language=ru}}
The modernization of Admiral Nakhimov and her sister ship is to be extensive, with Admiral Nakhimov expected to receive 174 Vertical-launch (VLS) tubes: 80 for anti-surface and 94 for anti-air warfare, among other upgrades.{{cite web |url=https://www.facebook.com/madeinrussianfederation/videos/admiral-nakhimov-modernization-february-2020/2512589785674133/ |title=Admiral Nakhimov modernization. February 2020 |author=madeinrussia |via=Facebook|access-date=17 May 2020}} In early 2022, the Sevmash CEO noted that weapons systems for Admiral Nakhimov would include: the Fort-M (NATO reporting name: SA-N-6 Grumble) and Pantsyr-M (SA-22 Greyhound) air defense systems and Paket-NK and Otvet antisubmarine warfare weapons. It was also reported that the cruiser would potentially be armed with up to 60 3M22 Zircon hypersonic anti-ship missiles.{{Cite web|url=https://www.navalnews.com/naval-news/2022/02/russias-sevmash-shipyard-says-it-will-deliver-admiral-nakhimov-in-2022/|title = Russia's Sevmash Shipyard Says it Will Deliver Admiral Nakhimov in 2022|date = 18 February 2022}}
Design
The class was originally conceived to counter the U.S. Navy's submarines with its large payload of SS-N-14 anti-submarine missiles, and later evolved to carry twenty P-700 Granit anti-ship missiles for countering the U.S. carrier strike groups. Ultimately the class were intended to operate alongside new nuclear-powered aircraft carriers for global power projection, however these carriers never came to fruition.{{Cite web | url=https://nationalinterest.org/blog/reboot/why-russia%E2%80%99s-nuclear-battlecruiser-has-some-problems-184689 | title=The National Interest: Blog }}{{Cite web | url=https://www.businessinsider.com/russian-navy-plans-for-soviet-era-kirov-class-battlecruisers-2022-1 | title=Russia's navy has big plans for its Soviet-era battlecruisers | website=Business Insider }}
=Weapon systems=
File:Nuclear cruiser Kirov.jpg of the class, next to the {{sclass|Slava|cruiser|2}} {{ship|Russian cruiser|Marshal Ustinov||2}}.]]
The Kirov class's main weapons are 20 P-700 Granit (SS-N-19 Shipwreck) missiles mounted in deck, designed to engage large surface targets. Air defense is provided by twelve octuple S-300F launchers with 96 missiles and a pair of Osa-MA batteries with 20 missiles each. Pyotr Velikiy carries some S-300FM missiles and is the only ship in the Russian Navy capable of ballistic missile defence.{{cite web |url=http://en.ria.ru/mlitary_news/20120920/176091963.html |title=Russian Warship Tests Missile Defense Capability |website=RIA Novosti |date=20 September 2012 |access-date=28 September 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120922115858/http://en.ria.ru/mlitary_news/20120920/176091963.html |archive-date=22 September 2012 |url-status=live}} The ships had some differences in sensor and weapons suites: Kirov came with Metel anti-submarine warfare (ASW) missiles, while on subsequent ships these were replaced with 3K95 Kinzhal (Russian: Кинжал – dagger) surface-to-air missile (SAM) systems. The Kinzhal installation is in fact mounted further forward of the old SS-N-14 mounting, in the structure directly behind the blast shield for the bow mounted RBU ASW rocket launcher. Kirov and Frunze had eight {{convert|30|mm|in|2|abbr=on}} AK-630 close-in weapon systems, which were supplanted with the Kortik air-defence system on later ships.
Other weapons are the automatic {{convert|130|mm|in|abbr=on|0}} AK-130 gun system (except in Kirov which had two single {{convert|100|mm|in|abbr=on|0}} guns instead), 10 {{convert|21|in|mm|adj=on|0}} torpedo/missile tubes (capable of firing RPK-2 Vyuga ASW missiles on later ships) and Udav-1 with 40 anti-submarine rockets and two sextuple RBU-1000 launchers.
{{multiple image
| align = right
| total_width = 320
| image1 = Battlecruiser Kirov aft section 1986.jpg
| width1 = 2351
| height1 = 3000
| alt1 = Kirov
| caption1 =
| image2 = Battlecruiser Frunze aft 1988.jpg
| width2 = 1820
| height2 = 2356
| alt2 = Frunze
| caption2 =
| footer = The aft sections of Kirov (left) and Frunze (right) showing differences in weapons fit – Kirov has a pair of single 100 mm guns, and two pairs of AK-630 CIWS mounts either side of the flight deck, whereas Frunze has a twin 130 mm turret and eight 3K95 "Kinzhal" VLS in place of the CIWS mounts.
}}
Russia is developing a new anti-ship missile to equip Kirovs called the 3M22 Tsirkon, which is capable of traveling at hypersonic speeds out to at least {{convert|620|mi|nmi km|abbr=on}}.{{cite web |url=http://ruspolitica.ru/post/raketyi-tsirkon-okonchatelno-opredelili-tehnologicheskoe-prevoshodstvo-rossii-nad-ssha/ |title=Ракеты "Циркон" окончательно определили технологическое превосходство России над США |trans-title=The "Zircon" missiles definitively determine Russia's technological superiority over the United States |date=28 October 2016 |website=Ruspolitica.ru |language=ru |access-date=18 June 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170610111543/http://ruspolitica.ru/post/raketyi-tsirkon-okonchatelno-opredelili-tehnologicheskoe-prevoshodstvo-rossii-nad-ssha/ |archive-date=10 June 2017 |url-status=dead}}{{cite web |url=http://www.vesti.ru/doc.html?id=2732278 |title=Для гиперзвуковых крылатых ракет в России создано принципиально новое топливо |trans-title=A fundamentally new fuel has been created in Russia for hypersonic cruise missiles |date=17 March 2016 |website=vesti.ru |language=ru |access-date=25 May 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170529064513/http://www.vesti.ru/doc.html?id=2732278 |archive-date=29 May 2017 |url-status=live}}
=Armaments=
| class="wikitable" |
| +Armament fit of Kirov class{{citation needed|date=May 2023}} |
| valign="top"
! style="width:15%;"| ! style="width:15%;"| Kirov / Admiral Ushakov ! style="width:15%;"| Frunze / Admiral Lazarev ! style="width:15%;"| Kalinin / Admiral Nakhimov ! style="width:15%;"| Yuri Andropov / Pyotr Velikiy |
| align=center|Anti-ship missiles
| colspan="4" style="text-align:center;"|20 x P-700 Granit (SS-N-19 'Shipwreck') |
|---|
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;"|Anti-submarine missiles
|align=center|1 x twin RPK-3 Metel (SS-N-14 'Silex') |colspan=3 | |
| colspan="4" style="text-align:center;"| RPK-2 Vyuga (SS-N-15 'Starfish') launched via 533 mm torpedo tube |
| rowspan="3" style="text-align:center;"|Surface-to-air missiles
| colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"|12 × 8 S-300F (SA-N-6 'Grumble') |align=center|6 × 8 S-300F (SA-N-6 'Grumble') |
| colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"| 2 x 20 9K33 Osa (SA-N-4 'Gecko')
|align=center|6 × 8 S-300FM (SA-N-20 'Gargoyle') |
| | colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"|Space reserved for 16 x 8. Only installed on Pyotr Veiliky (8 x 8) 3K95 Kinzhal (SA-N-9 'Gauntlet') |
| align=center|Guns
|align=center|2 × 1 AK-100 100 mm | colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"|1 × 2 AK-130 130 mm |
| align=center|close-in weapon systems
| colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"|8 x AK-630 | colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"|6 x CADS-N-1 |
| style="text-align:center;"
! Anti-submarine rockets |
| align=center|Torpedo tubes
| colspan="4" style="text-align:center;"|10 x 533mm torpedo tubes for Type 53 |
=Fire control=
File:ARKR Kalinin bow highlighted.jpg
File:Image-Kirov forward launchers highlighted.jpg CIWS}} {{legend|#FF0000|2 pop-up (lowered) Osa SAM launchers}} {{legend|#00FF00|20 P-700 Granit cruise missile launchers}} {{legend|#0000FF|12 S-300 Fort SAM launchers}} {{legend|#FFFF00|1 twin "Metel" antisubmarine warfare/surface-to-surface missile launcher}}]]
- 2 × Top Dome for S-300F fire control radar (the forward Top Dome is replaced with Tomb Stone (Passive electronically scanned array) in Pyotr Veliky)
- 4 × Bass Tilt for AK-630 CIWS System fire control (not in Admiral Nakhimov or Pyotr Veliky)
- 2 × Eye Bowl for OSA-M fire control (also for SS-N-14 in Admiral Ushakov)
- 2 × Hot Flash/Hot Spot for Kortik (CADS-N-1 units only)
- 1 × Kite Screech for AK-100 or AK-130
- 2 × Cross Sword for Kinzhal (Kinzhal-equipped units only)
{{Clear}}
=Combined nuclear and steam propulsion=
Combined nuclear and steam propulsion system (CONAS) is used on the Kirov battlecruisers. Complementary to the nuclear component, there are two conventional boilers installed as a backup in case of reactor failure. Both components can drive two geared steam turbines, generating 120,000 hp (89 MW), at two prop shafts.[http://www.navycollection.narod.ru/ships/Russia/Cruisers/TARK_Proect_1144/history.html V.P. Kuzin, "Type 1144 Nuclear Guided Missile Cruisers", "Typhoon" almanac, 1-4 1999] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071123172928/http://www.navycollection.narod.ru/ships/Russia/Cruisers/TARK_Proect_1144/history.html |date=2007-11-23}}
{{Clear}}
Ships
File:Tactical exercises of the Russian Navy.jpg|The Russian flagship Pyotr Veliky
File:Kirov class cruiser.jpg|Kirov at anchor
File:ARKR Kalinin flight deck with Ka-25 and Ka-27.jpg|The flight deck of Kalinin showing the hangar doors open and a Kamov Ka-25 and a Kamov Ka-27 helicopter
See also
References
{{Reflist}}
=Sources=
- {{cite book |last=Bishop |first=Chris |title=The Encyclopedia of World Sea Power |year=1988 |location=New York |publisher=Crescent Books |isbn=978-0-517-65342-5 |oclc=18199237 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofwo0000unse_v9e5}}
- {{cite book |last=Miller |first=David |author2=Chris Miller |title=Modern Naval Combat |location=London |publisher= Salamander Books |year=1986 |isbn=978-0-86101-231-2 |oclc=17397400}}
External links
{{Commons category|Kirov class battlecruiser}}
- [https://web.archive.org/web/20190224173710/http://militarynavalhistory.net/shippictures/art_kirov_class_battlecruisers_01.htm Illustrated article about the Kirov class]
- [http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/russia/1144.htm Globalsecurity.org page on Kirov class]
- [http://www.steelnavy.com/KirovRBNF.htm Kirov class photos from Mark Meredith]
- [https://web.archive.org/web/20050515010054/http://ship.bsu.by/main.asp?id=100027 Encyclopedia of ships] {{in lang|ru}}
- [http://vs.milrf.ru/armament/marine/kr_peter1.htm Military Reform Support Fund] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080814144807/http://vs.milrf.ru/armament/marine/kr_peter1.htm |date=14 August 2008 }} {{in lang|ru}}
- [https://web.archive.org/web/20070926225556/http://www.vif2ne.ru/nvk/forum/archive/279/279416.htm Forum discussion of ships' armament] {{in lang|ru}}
- [http://www.fas.org/man/dod-101/sys/ship/row/rus/1144.htm FAS.org article] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080907185738/http://www.fas.org/man/dod-101/sys/ship/row/rus/1144.htm |date=7 September 2008 }}
- [http://russianships.info/eng/warships/project_1144.htm Project 1144 – Complete Ship List]
{{Kirov-class battlecruiser}}
{{Soviet and Russian ships after 1945}}
Category:Battlecruiser classes
Category:Nuclear-powered ships of the Soviet Navy