Kirov Plant#History
{{short description|Russian mechanical-engineering factory.}}
{{Infobox company
| name = Kirov Zavod
| logo = Kirovsky Zavod Logo.svg
| logo_size = 250
| native_name = Кировский завод
| type = Joint-stock company
| image = Spb 06-2017 img26 Kirov Plant.jpg
| image_size = 250
| image_upright =
| image_alt =
| image_caption = Aerial view of the Kirov Plant in 2017
| genre =
| fate =
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| foundation = {{Start date|1801|02|28}}
| founder = Under the decree of emperor Paul I
| defunct =
| location_city = Saint Petersburg
| location_country = Russia
| location =
| locations =
| area_served = Coast Gulf of Finland
| key_people = General director George Semenenko
| industry = Mechanical engineering
Defense industry
Agricultural machinery
| products = Tractors, escalators, artillery etc
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}}
The Kirov Plant, Kirov factory or Leningrad Kirov plant (LKZ) ({{langx|ru|Кировский завод|Kirovskiy zavod}}) is a major Russian mechanical engineering and agricultural machinery manufacturing plant in St. Petersburg, Russia. It was established in 1789, then moved to its present site in 1801 as a foundry for cannonballs. The Kirov Plant is sometimes confused with another Leningrad heavy weapons manufacturer, Factory No. 185 (S.M. Kirov). Recently the main production of the company is Kirovets heavy tractors.
In 1917 the factory was an important center of the Red Guards formations.
History
= Putilov works =
In 1868 Nikolay Putilov (1820–1880) purchased the bankrupt plant. At the Putilov works, the Putilov Company (a joint-stock holding company from 1873) initially produced rolling stock for railways. The establishment boomed during the Russian industrialization of the 1890s, with the workforce quadrupling in a decade, reaching 12,400 in 1900. The factory traditionally{{when?|date=April 2021}} produced goods for the Russian government, with railway products accounting for more than half of its total output. Starting in 1900 it also produced artillery, eventually becoming a major supplier of it to the Imperial Russian Army alongside the state arsenals. By 1917 it grew into a giant enterprise that was by far the largest in the city of St. Petersburg.
In December 1904, during the antecedent to the 1905 Russian Revolution, four workers at the plant, then called 'Putilov Ironworks', were fired because of their participation in strikes during Bloody Sunday. However, the plant manager asserted that they were fired for unrelated reasons. Virtually the entire workforce of the Putilov Ironworks went on strike when the plant manager refused to accede to their requests that the workers be rehired. Sympathy strikes in other parts of the city raised the number of strikers up to 150,000 workers in 382 factories. By 21 January [
File:Volkhov launched at Putilovskaya Verf in Saint Petersburg 17 November 1913.jpg
File:Putilov works Presentation for employment by Nikolai Ivanovich Belyakov, 1913.jpg, 1913. Front side. CGA SPb]]
Ships were built at the Putilov works in the early 20th century. The submarine tender Volkhov (later renamed Kommuna), built 1911–1915 at Putilov for the Imperial Russian Navy, remained in service of the Russian Navy in the 2010s.https://wiki.lesta.ru/ru/Navy:%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0_(1913) {{Bare URL inline|date=August 2024}}{{cite web |url= http://flot.sevastopol.info/ship/spasat/communa.htm |title=Спасательное судно 'Коммуна' Черноморского Флота |trans-title="Rescue ship 'Kommuna' Black Sea Fleet" |work=flot.sevastopol.info |year=2013 |access-date=29 June 2013 |language=ru}}
In February 1917 strikes at the factory contributed to setting in motion the chain of events which led to the February Revolution.{{cn|date=April 2024}}
= Red Putilovite plant =
After the October Revolution of November 1917 the establishment was renamed Red Putilovite plant (zavod Krasny Putilovets) and became famous for its manufacture of the first Soviet tractors, Fordzon-Putilovets, based on the Fordson tractor.
= Kirov factory =
In the wake of the December 1934 assassination of Sergey Kirov, the Leningrad Communist Party head, the plant was renamed Kirov Factory No. 100.
During World War II the plant manufactured the KV-1 tank.
In 1962 the factory produced the Kirovets K-700 tractor.{{Cite web|last=katya|date=2016-06-13|title=MTZ K744 Kirovets – 435 hp|url=http://www.mtzequipment.com/tractors/mtz-K744|access-date=2021-10-09|website=www.mtzequipment.com}}
The Kirov Plant was de-listed from the Moscow Exchange in 2011.
{{cite news
|title= Кировский завод ушел с биржи|url= https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/1789263
|access-date= 26 August 2017|work= Газета "Коммерсантъ С-Петербург"
|date= 10 July 2011|pages= 16}}
Directors of Kirov Plant
- 1917-1919 - Vasilyev, Anton Efimovich, the first "red" director
- 1930-1936 - Ots, Karl Martovich
- 1938-1941 - Zaltsman, Isaac Moiseevich
- 1941-1943 - Dlugach, Moisey Abramovich
- 1945-1948 - Kizima, Alexander Leontyevich
- 1950-1954 - Smirnov, Nikolai Ivanovich
- 1954-1964 - Isaev, Ivan Sergeevich
- 1964-1972 - Lyubchenko, Alexander Alexandrovich
- 1972-1975 - Ulybin, Vasily Ivanovich
- 1975-1976 - Belt, Oleg Nikolaevich
- 1976-1984 - Muranov, Boris Alexandrovich
- 1984-1987 - Chernov, Stanislav Pavlovich
- 1987-2005 - Semenenko, Pyotr Georgievich
- 2005-2022 - Semenenko, Georgy Petrovich
- from 2022 - Serebryako, Sergey Alexandrovich
See also
References
{{more footnotes|date=December 2016}}
{{Reflist|30em}}
- Peter Gatrell (1994), Government, Industry, and Rearmament in Russia, 1900-1914: The Last Argument of Tsarism, Cambridge University Press, {{ISBN|0-521-46619-9}}.
- Workers Unrest and the Bolshevik Response in 1919 written by Vladimir Brovkin in Slavic Review, Volume 49, Issue 3, (Autumn 1990) page 358-361
External links
- {{official}}
- {{commons category-inline|Kirov Plant (factory, Saint Petersburg)}}
- [http://kirovets-ptz.com/ St Petersburg Tractor Plant] Subsidiary that builds tractors and agricultural machinery.
- [http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/russia/kirov.htm Kirov Plant] @ globalsecurity.org (plant's military production)
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Category:Agricultural machinery manufacturers of Russia
Category:Tractor manufacturers of Russia
Category:Defence companies of the Soviet Union
Category:Agriculture companies of the Soviet Union
Category:Buildings and structures in Saint Petersburg
Category:Russian Revolution of 1905
Category:1789 establishments in the Russian Empire
Category:Manufacturing companies based in Saint Petersburg
Category:Companies formerly listed on the Moscow Exchange
Category:Ministry of Heavy and Transport Machine-Building (Soviet Union)