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Kirtland Formation

{{short description|Geological formation in New Mexico and Colorado, United States}}

{{distinguish||text=the Kirkland Formation, a Silurian geologic formation in New York, US}}

{{Infobox rockunit

| name = Kirtland Formation

| image = File:Kirtland Formation.jpg

| caption = Kirtland Formation at its type location south of Kirtland, New Mexico

| type = Geological formation

| age = Campanian (typically Kirtlandian)
{{fossilrange|75|73.5}}

| period = Campanian

| prilithology = Sandstone

| otherlithology = Shale, mudstone, conglomerate

| namedfor = Kirtland Post Office

| namedby = C.M. Bauer

| year_ts = 1916

| region = New Mexico

| country = United States

| coordinates = {{coord|36.708|N|108.350|W|display=inline,title}}

| paleocoordinates = {{coord|42.6|N|76.3|W|display=inline}}

| unitof =

| subunits = Hunter Wash, Farmington and De-na-zin Members

| underlies = Ojo Alamo Formation

| overlies = Fruitland Formation

| thickness = {{convert|594|m|ft|abbr=on}}

| extent = San Juan Basin

| area =

| map = {{Location map+ | United States#New Mexico

| relief = 1

| width = 250

| float = center

| places =

{{Location map~ | United States#New Mexico

| lat_deg = 36.708

| lon_deg = -108.350

| mark = Lightgreen pog.svg

| marksize = 12

}}

}}

| map_caption =

}}

File:Kirtland Formation Outcrops Near Coal Creek by Nick Longrich.jpg

The Kirtland Formation (originally the Kirtland Shale) is a sedimentary geological formation.{{sfn|Sullivan|Lucas|2006}}

Description

The Kirtland Formation is the product of alluvial muds and overbank sand deposits from the many channels draining the coastal plain that existed on the inland seashore of North America, in the late Cretaceous period. It overlies the Fruitland Formation. It is found in the San Juan Basin in the states of New Mexico and Colorado, in the United States of America.

The base of the Kirtland Formation and its lowest sub-unit, the Hunter Wash member, has been dated to 75.02 ± 0.13 Ma.{{sfn|Fowler|2017}} Together with the upper part of the underlying Fruitland Formation, this contains fossils representing the Hunter Wash local fauna. The border between the Hunter Wash member and overlying Farmington member dates to approximately 74 million years ago. The top of the Farmington member and bottom of the overlying De-na-zin member has been radiometrically dated to 73.83 ± 0.18 Ma ago. The top of the De-na-zin member, which contains the Willow Wash local fauna, has been dated to 73.49 ± 0.25 Ma ago.{{sfn|Sullivan|Lucas|2006}}

Overlying the De-na-zin member is a unit called the Naashoibito member This has often been considered to be part of the Kirtland formation, but more recently has been transferred back to the overlying Ojo Alamo Formation, which it had originally been part of.{{sfn|Sullivan|Lucas|2006}}

History of investigation

The formation was named by C.M. Bauer in 1916 for exposures near the Kirtland Post Office.{{sfn|Bauer|1916}}

Stratigraphy

{{main|San Juan Basin#Stratigraphy}}

File:San Juan Basin Upper Cretaceous stratigraphy PeerJ e5435 fig 1.png

Vertebrate paleofauna

= Saurischians =

class="wikitable" align="center"
colspan="6" align="center" | Saurischians of the Kirtland Formation

!

Genus

! Species

! Member

! width="25%"| Material

! width="25%"| Notes

!Images

style="background:#f3e9f3;" |

Alamosaurus{{sfn|Weishampel|Dodson|Osmólska|2004|pp=580-581|loc=3.3 New Mexico, United States; 10. Lower Kirtland Formation and 11. Upper Kirtland Formation}}

|style="background:#f3e9f3;" |

A. sanjuanensis{{sfn|Weishampel|Dodson|Osmólska|2004|pp=580-581|loc=3.3 New Mexico, United States; 10. Lower Kirtland Formation and 11. Upper Kirtland Formation}}

|style="background:#f3e9f3;" |

|style="background:#f3e9f3;" |

|style="background:#f3e9f3;" |Specimens actually from the Naashoibito member of the Ojo Alamo Formation{{sfn|Jasinski|Sullivan|2011}}

| rowspan="100" |

File:Alamosaurus.jpg]]

File:Bistahieversor.jpg]]

File:Saurornitholestes_MOR1.jpg]]

File:Struthiomimus_altus.JPG]]

style="background:#E6E6E6;" |

Aublysodon{{sfn|Carr|Williamson|2010|p=1|loc=Systematic Paleontology}}

|style="background:#E6E6E6;" |

A. mirandus{{sfn|Carr|Williamson|2010|p=1|loc=Systematic Paleontology}}

|style="background:#E6E6E6;" |

  • Hunter Wash{{sfn|Carr|Williamson|2010|p=1|loc=Systematic Paleontology}}

|style="background:#E6E6E6;" |

|style="background:#E6E6E6;" |Remains are now referred to Bistahieversor, although these remains may possibly have come from the Fruitland Formation.{{sfn|Carr|Williamson|2010|p=1|loc=Systematic Paleontology; Referred Specimens}}

Bistahieversor{{sfn|Carr|Williamson|2010|p=1|loc=Systematic Paleontology; Holotype}}

|B. sealeyi{{sfn|Carr|Williamson|2010|p=1|loc=Systematic Paleontology; Holotype}}

|

  • Hunter Wash{{sfn|Carr|Williamson|2010|p=1|loc=Systematic Paleontology; Holotype}}

|An articulated skull and undescribed postcranial skeleton of an adult individual, and an incomplete skull and postcranial skeleton of a juvenile individual.{{sfn|Carr|Williamson|2010|p=1|loc=Systematic Paleontology; Holotype}}

|A eutyrannosaur tyrannosauroid also known from the Fruitland Formation.{{sfn|Carr|Williamson|2010|p=1|loc=Systematic Paleontology; Holotype}}

Caenagnathidae{{Cite journal |last1=Funston |first1=G. F. |last2=Williamson |first2=T. E. |last3=Brusatte |first3=S. L. |year=2024 |title=A caenagnathid tibia (Theropoda: Oviraptorosauria) from the upper Campanian Kirtland Formation of New Mexico |journal=Cretaceous Research |volume=158 |at=105856 |issue=in press |doi=10.1016/j.cretres.2024.105856 |bibcode=2024CrRes.15805856F |doi-access=free }}

|Indeterminate

|

  • De-na-zin

|A nearly complete right tibia

|Indeterminate caenagnathid remains.

style="background:#f3e9f3;" |

Daspletosaurus{{sfn|Carr|Williamson|2010|p=1|loc=Systematic Paleontology}}

|style="background:#fbdddb;" |

Indeterminate{{sfn|Carr|Williamson|2010|p=1|loc=Systematic Paleontology}}

|style="background:#fbdddb;" |

  • Hunter Wash{{sfn|Carr|Williamson|2010|p=1|loc=Systematic Paleontology; Holotype}}

|style="background:#fbdddb;" |

|style="background:#fbdddb;" |Remains are now referred to Bistahieversor, although these remains may possibly have come from the Fruitland Formation.{{sfn|Carr|Williamson|2010|p=1|loc=Systematic Paleontology; Referred Specimens}}

Dromaeosauridae

|Indeterminate

|

|Numerous isolated teeth.

|Indeterminate dromaeosaurid remains.

Ornithomimidae

|Indeterminate

|

  • De-na-zin

|A distal end of a phalanx, and [two] partial manual unguals.

|Indeterminate ornithomimid remains.

Saurornitholestes{{sfn|Jasinski|2016}}

|S. sullivani{{sfn|Jasinski|2016}}

|

  • De-na-zin{{sfn|Jasinski|2016}}

|A nearly complete frontal.{{sfn|Jasinski|2016}}

|A saurornitholestine dromaeosaurid, sister taxa to Saurornitholestes langstoni.{{sfn|Jasinski|2016}}

style="background:#E6E6E6;" |"Saurornitholestes"

|style="background:#E6E6E6;" |"S." robustus{{sfn|Sullivan|2006|p=253|loc=Abstract}}

|style="background:#E6E6E6;" |

  • De-na-zin{{sfn|Sullivan|2006|p=253|loc=Abstract}}

|style="background:#E6E6E6;" |A nearly complete frontal.{{sfn|Sullivan|2006|p=253|loc=Abstract}}

|style="background:#E6E6E6;" |Originally assigned to Saurornitholestes, actually a troodontid.{{sfn|Evans|Larson|Cullen|Sullivan|2014}}

cf. Struthiomimus

|cf. S. altus

|

|A centrum of a dorsal vertebra, distal portion of a metatarsal, and proximal phalanx.

|Indeterminate remains that may belong to Struthiomimus altus.

Tyrannosauridae

|Indeterminate{{Cite book |last1=Lucas|first1=Spencer G.|last2=Mateer|first2=Niall J.|last3=Hunt|first3=Adrian P.|last4=O'Neill|first4=F. Michael|title=The Cretaceous-Tertiary Boundary in the San Juan and Raton Basins, New Mexico and Colorado |year=1987 |chapter=Dinosaurs, the age of the Fruitland and Kirtland Formations, and the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary in the San Juan Basin, New Mexico |pages=35–50 |doi=10.1130/SPE209-p35 |isbn=978-0-8137-2209-2 |chapter-url=https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/books/book/342/chapter/3796215/Dinosaurs-the-age-of-the-Fruitland-and-Kirtland}}

|

|A partial skeleton, dentary, metatarsal, and numerous teeth.

|Indeterminate tyrannosaurid material.

= Ornithischians =

class="wikitable" align="center"
colspan="7" align="center" | Ornithischians reported from the Kirtland Formation
Genus

! Species

! Member

! width="25%"| Material

! width="25%"| Notes

!Images

Ahshislepelta{{sfn|Burns|Sullivan|2011}}

|A. minor{{sfn|Burns|Sullivan|2011}}

|

  • Hunter Wash{{sfn|Burns|Sullivan|2011}}

|A partial girdle, scapulocoracoids, humerus, proximal portion of the radius, cervical and/or dorsal vertebrae, complete and fragmentary thoracic osteoderms, and other unidentifiable postcranial fragments.{{sfn|Burns|Sullivan|2011}}

|An ankylosaurine ankylosaurid part of the Hunter Wash Member.{{sfn|Burns|Sullivan|2011}}

|rowspan="99" |

File:New_Mexico_Pentaceratops.jpg]]

File:Kritosaurus.jpg]]

File:Naashoibitosaurus.jpg]]

File:Akainacephalus_and_nodocephalosaurus_skulls.jpg (right)]]

File:Pentaceratops sternbergii holotype AMNH6325.jpg]]

File:Sphaerotholus.png]]

File:Royal_Tyrrell_Museum_Stegoceras.jpg]]

File:Terminocavus.png]]

File:Navajoceratops.png]]

File:Titanoceratops.jpg]]

File:Ziapelta_sanjuanensis.png]]

Anasazisaurus

|A. horneri

|

  • De-Na-Zin

|An incomplete skull consisting of premaxillae, nasals, maxilla, lacrimal, jugal, prefrontal, postorbital, squamosal, frontal, parietal, and fragment of dentary with teeth.

|A kritosaurin hadrosaurid from the De-Na-Zin Member.

Bisticeratops{{cite journal|vauthors=Dalman SG, Jasinski SE, Lucas SG|title=A new chasmosaurine ceratopsid from the Upper Cretaceous (Campanian) Farmington Member of the Kirtland Formation, New Mexico|year=2022|journal=New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin|volume=90|pages=127–153|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/362680358}}

|B. froeseorum

|

  • Farmington

|A nearly complete skull.

|A chasmosaurine ceratopsid, originally identified as a specimen of Pentaceratops.

Kritosaurus

|K. navajovius

|

  • De-na-zin{{cite journal |last=Prieto-Márquez |first=A. |year=2013 |title=Skeletal morphology of Kritosaurus navajovius (Dinosauria:Hadrosauridae) from the Late Cretaceous of the North American south-west, with an evaluation of the phylogenetic systematics and biogeography of Kritosaurini |journal=Journal of Systematic Palaeontology |volume=12 |issue=2 |pages=133–175 |doi=10.1080/14772019.2013.770417|s2cid=84942579 }}

|[Two] incomplete skulls, an atlas, axis and cervical vertebrae.

|A kritosaurin hadrosaurid also known from the Cerro del Pueblo Formation of Mexico.

Naashoibitosaurus

|N.ostromi

|

  • De-na-zin

|A skull lacking the premaxillae and mandible, a partial humerus, cervical vertebrae and dorsal vertebrae.

|A kritosaurin hadrosaurid, distinct from Kritosaurus.

Nodocephalosaurus

|N. kirtlandensis{{Cite journal|last=Sullivan|first=R.|date=1999|title=Nodocephalosaurus kirtlandensis, gen et sp nov., a new ankylosaurid dinosaur (Ornithischia; Ankylosauria) from the Upper Cretaceous Kirtland Formation (Upper Campanian), San Juan Basin, New Mexico|journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology|volume=19|issue=1|pages=126–139|doi=10.1080/02724634.1999.10011128|bibcode=1999JVPal..19..126S }}

|

  • De-na-zin

|A partial skull.

|An ankylosaurine ankylosaurid that has cranial ornamentation similar to Akainacephalus, an ankylosaur from the Kaiparowits Formation.{{Cite journal|author1=Jelle P. Wiersma |author2=Randall B. Irmis |year=2018 |title=A new southern Laramidian ankylosaurid, Akainacephalus johnsoni gen. et sp. nov., from the upper Campanian Kaiparowits Formation of southern Utah, USA |journal=PeerJ |volume=6 |pages=e5016 |doi=10.7717/peerj.5016 |pmc=6063217 |pmid=30065856 |doi-access=free }}

Parasaurolophus{{sfn|Sullivan|Williamson|1999}}

|P. tubicen{{sfn|Sullivan|Williamson|1999}}

|

  • De-na-zin{{sfn|Sullivan|Williamson|1999}}

|[Two] incomplete and fragmentary skulls.{{sfn|Sullivan|Williamson|1999}}

|A lambeosaurine hadrosaurid known from partial cranial remains.{{sfn|Sullivan|Williamson|1999}}

rowspan="2" |

Pentaceratops{{sfn|Weishampel|Dodson|Osmólska|2004|p=580|loc=3.3 New Mexico, United States; 10. Lower Kirtland Formation}}

|style="background:#E6E6E6;" |P. fenestratus{{sfn|Weishampel|Dodson|Osmólska|2004|p=580|loc=3.3 New Mexico, United States; 10. Lower Kirtland Formation}}

|style="background:#E6E6E6;" |

  • De-na-zin Member{{sfn|Sullivan|Lucas|2006|p=11|loc=Table 1}}

|style="background:#E6E6E6;" |A crushed but nearly complete skull, mandible, cervical vertebrae, dorsal vertebrae, sacral vertebrae, caudal vertebrae, chevrons, scapulae, coracoids, radii, ulnae, ischia, ilia, pubes, femora, tibiae, astragali, manual phalanxes and manual unguals.{{sfn|Sullivan|Lucas|2006|p=11|loc=Table 1}}

|style="background:#E6E6E6;" |A junior synonym of Pentaceratops sternbergii, diagnostic characteristics of the species were pathologies.

P. sternbergi{{sfn|Weishampel|Dodson|Osmólska|2004|p=580|loc=3.3 New Mexico, United States; 10. Lower Kirtland Formation}}

|

  • De-na-zin{{sfn|Sullivan|Lucas|2006|p=10|loc=Kirtlandian Index Fossils}}

|A crushed but nearly complete skull, mandible, cervical vertebrae, dorsal vertebrae, sacral vertebrae, caudal vertebrae, chevrons, scapulae, coracoids, radii, ulnae, ischia, ilia, pubes, femora, tibiae, astragali, manual phalanxes and manual unguals.{{sfn|Sullivan|Lucas|2006|p=11|loc=Table 1}}

|A chasmosaurine ceratopsid also known from the Fruitland Formation.{{sfn|Sullivan|Lucas|2006|p=11|loc=Table 1}}

Sphaerotholus

|S. goodwini{{cite journal |author2=Carr Thomas D. |author1=Williamson Thomas E. | year = 2002 | title = A new genus of highly derived pachycephalosaurian from western North America | doi = 10.1671/0272-4634(2002)022[0779:angodp]2.0.co;2 | journal = Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology | volume = 22 | issue = 4| pages = 779–801 |s2cid=86112901 }}

|

  • De-na-zin

|A partial skull lacking the facial and palatal elements.

|A pachycephalosaurine pachycephalosaurid also known from the Hell Creek and Horseshoe Canyon Formation.

Stegoceras

|S. novomexicanum{{cite journal |author1=Steven E. Jasinski |author2=Robert M. Sullivan |year=2011 |title=Re-evaluation of pachycephalosaurids from the Fruitland-Kirtland transition (Kirtlandian, late Campanian), San Juan Basin, New Mexico, with a description of a new species of Stegoceras and a reassessment of Texascephale langstoni |url=http://www.robertmsullivanphd.com/uploads/164._Jasinski_and_Sullivan__Stegoceras__COLOR.pdf |journal=Fossil Record 3. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science, Bulletin |volume=53 |pages=202–215 }}

|

  • Hunter Wash

|An incomplete parietal.

|A basal pachycephalosaurid also known from the upper Fruitland Formation.

Terminocavus

|T. sealeyi{{cite journal |last1=Fowler |first1=D.W. |last2=Freedman Fowler |first2=E.A. |title=Transitional evolutionary forms in chasmosaurine ceratopsid dinosaurs: evidence from the Campanian of New Mexico |journal=PeerJ |date=2020 |volume=8 |page=e9251 |pmid=32547873|doi=10.7717/peerj.9251|pmc=7278894 |doi-access=free }}

|

  • Hunter Wash

| A parietal, partial squamosal, jugal, epijugal, partial quadratojugal, partial sacrum and vertebral fragments.

| A chasmosaurine ceratopsid that has been hypothesized to form an anagenetic series with several other chasmosaur species, including Navajoceratops.

Navajoceratops

|N. sullivani

|

  • Hunter Wash

| A parietal, squamosal fragments, fused jugal\epijugal and other unidentified cranial fragments.

| A chasmosaurine ceratopsid that has been hypothesized to form an anagenetic series with several other chasmosaur species, including Terminocavus.

style="background:#E6E6E6;" |Titanoceratops{{Cite journal|last=Longrich|first=N.R.|year=2011 |title=Titanoceratops ouranos, a giant horned dinosaur from the Late Campanian of New Mexico |journal=Cretaceous Research |volume=32 |issue=3 |pages=264–276 |doi=10.1016/j.cretres.2010.12.007|bibcode=2011CrRes..32..264L }}

| style="background:#E6E6E6;" |T. ouranos

| style="background:#E6E6E6;" |

| style="background:#E6E6E6;" |A partial skull, syncervical vertebrae, cervical vertebrae, dorsal vertebrae, sacral vertebrae, caudal vertebrae, ribs, humeri, radius, femora, tibiae, fibula, ilia, ischia, and ossified tendons.

| style="background:#E6E6E6;" |Possibly represents a junior synonym of Pentaceratops, holotype may possibly have come from the Fruitland Formation.

Ziapelta{{sfn|Arbour|Burns|Sullivan|Lucas|2014}}

|Z. sanjuanensis

|

  • Hunter Wash {{sfn|Arbour|Burns|Sullivan|Lucas|2014}}
  • De-na-zin {{sfn|Arbour|Burns|Sullivan|Lucas|2014}}

|A complete skull, [two] first cervical half-rings, fragmentary second cervical half ring, and numerous fragmentary osteoderms.{{sfn|Arbour|Burns|Sullivan|Lucas|2014}}

| An ankylosaurine ankylosaurid closely related to Scolosaurus.

= Pterosaurs =

class="wikitable" align="center"
colspan="6" align="center" | Pterosaurs of the Kirtland Formation

!

Genus

! Species

! Location

! Member

! Abundance

! Notes

!Images

Navajodactylus{{sfn|Sullivan|Fowler|2011}}

|

N. boerei{{sfn|Sullivan|Fowler|2011}}

|

|

  • Hunter Wash Member{{sfn|Sullivan|Fowler|2011}}

|

Partial phalanx and ulna fragment{{sfn|Sullivan|Fowler|2011}}

|

A possible azhdarchid pterosaur known from fragmentary remains.{{sfn|Sullivan|Fowler|2011}}

|

= Crurotarsans =

class="wikitable" align="center"
colspan="7" align="center" | Crurotarsans of the Kirtland Formation{{sfn|Sullivan|Lucas|2006|p=11|loc=Table 1}}
Genus

! Species

! Location

! Member

! Abundance

! Notes

! Images

Brachychampsa

|

B. montana

|

|

  • De-na-zin

|

|

Member of the Willow Wash local fauna.

|

200px

Denazinosuchus

|

D. kirtlandicus

|

|

  • De-na-zin

|

|

Member of the Willow Wash local fauna.

|

Leidyosuchus{{refn|name=Leidyosuchus_sp|Listed as "cf. Leidyosuchus sp."}}

|

Indeterminate{{refn|name=Leidyosuchus_sp}}

|

|

  • De-na-zin

|

|

Member of the Willow Wash local fauna.

|

= Turtles =

class="wikitable" align="center"
colspan="6" align="center" | Turtles of the Kirtland Formation{{sfn|Sullivan|Lucas|2006|p=11|loc=Table 1}}

!

Genus

! Species

! Location

! Member

! Abundance

! Notes

!Images

Basilemys

|

B. nobilis

|

|

  • De-na-zin

|

|

Member of the Willow Wash local fauna.

|

Denazinemys

|

D. nodosa

|

|

  • De-na-zin

|

|

Member of the Willow Wash local fauna.

|

Neurankylus

|

N. baueri

|

|

  • De-na-zin

|

|

Member of the Willow Wash local fauna.

|

Plastomenus

|

P. robustus

|

|

  • De-na-zin

|

|

Member of the Willow Wash local fauna.

|

Thescelus

|

T. hemispherica

|

|

  • De-na-zin

|

|

Member of the Willow Wash local fauna.

|

= Bony fish =

class="wikitable" align="center"
colspan="7" align="center" | Bony fishes of the Kirtland Formation{{sfn|Sullivan|Lucas|2006|p=11|loc=Table 1}}
Genus

! Species

! Location

! Member

! Abundance

! Notes

Melvius

|

M. chauliodous

|

|

  • De-na-zin

|

|

Member of the Willow Wash local fauna.

= Cartilaginous fish =

class="wikitable" align="center"
colspan="7" align="center" | Cartilaginous fish of the Kirtland Formation{{sfn|Sullivan|Lucas|2006|p=11|loc=Table 1}}
Genus

! Species

! Location

! Member

! Abundance

! Notes

Myledaphus

|

M. bipartitus

|

|

  • De-na-zin

|

|

Member of the Willow Wash local fauna.

{{paleobiota-key-compact}}

See also

{{clearboth}}

References

{{Reflist|24em}}

= Bibliography =

  • {{cite journal |last1=Arbour |first1=Victoria M. |last2=Burns |first2=Michael E. |last3=Sullivan |first3=Robert M. |last4=Lucas |first4=Spencer G. |last5=Cantrell |first5=Amanda K. |last6=Fry |first6=Joshua |last7=Suazo |first7=Thomas L. |title=A New Ankylosaurid Dinosaur from the Upper Cretaceous (Kirtlandian) of New Mexico with Implications for Ankylosaurid Diversity in the Upper Cretaceous of Western North America |journal=PLOS ONE |date=24 September 2014 |volume=9 |issue=9 |pages=e108804 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0108804|pmid=25250819 |pmc=4177562 |bibcode=2014PLoSO...9j8804A |doi-access=free }}
  • {{cite journal |first1=C. M. |last1=Bauer |year=1916 |journal=U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper |volume=98-P |title=Stratigraphy of a part of the Chaco River Valley |doi=10.3133/pp98P |doi-access=free }}
  • {{cite journal|last1=Burns|first1=Michael E.|year=2008|title=Taxonomic utility of ankylosaur (Dinosauria, Ornithischia) osteoderms: Glyptodontopelta mimus Ford, 2000: a test case|journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology|volume=28|issue=4|pages=1102–1109|doi=10.1671/0272-4634-28.4.1102|bibcode=2008JVPal..28.1102B |s2cid=140672072}}
  • {{cite journal |first1=Michael E. |last1=Burns |first2=Robert M. |last2=Sullivan |year=2011 |title=A new ankylosaurid from the Upper Cretaceous Kirtland Formation, San Juan Basin, with comments on the diversity of ankylosaurids in New Mexico |url=http://www.robertmsullivanphd.com/uploads/162._Burns_and_Sullivan__Ahshislepelta__COLOR.pdf |journal=Fossil Record 3. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science, Bulletin |volume=53 |pages=169–178 }}
  • {{cite journal | last1 = Carr | first1 = T.D. | last2 = Williamson | first2 = T.E. | year = 2010 | title = Bistahieversor sealeyi, gen. et sp. nov., a new tyrannosauroid from New Mexico and the origin of deep snouts in Tyrannosauroidea | journal = Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology | volume = 30 | issue = 1| pages = 1–16 | doi = 10.1080/02724630903413032 | bibcode = 2010JVPal..30....1C | s2cid = 54029279 }}
  • {{Cite journal | doi=10.1139/cjes-2014-0073| bibcode=2014CaJES..51..730E| title="Saurornitholestes" robustus is a troodontid (Dinosauria: Theropoda)| year=2014| last1=Evans| first1=David C.| last2=Larson| first2=Derek W.| last3=Cullen| first3=Thomas M.| last4=Sullivan| first4=Robert M.| last5=Sues| first5=Hans-Dieter| journal=Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences| volume=51| issue=7| pages=730–734 }}
  • {{cite journal |last1=Fowler |first1=Denver Warwick |title=Revised geochronology, correlation, and dinosaur stratigraphic ranges of the Santonian-Maastrichtian (Late Cretaceous) formations of the Western Interior of North America |journal=PLOS ONE |date=22 November 2017 |volume=12 |issue=11 |pages=e0188426 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0188426|pmid=29166406 |pmc=5699823 |bibcode=2017PLoSO..1288426F |doi-access=free }}
  • {{Cite journal |last1 = Jasinski|first1 = Steven |year=2016 |url=https://www.academia.edu/12172255 |title = A new dromaeosaurid (Theropoda: Dromaeosauridae) from the Late Cretaceous of New Mexico (B&W) |journal=New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin |volume=67 |pages=79–88}}
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  • {{cite journal |last1=Jasinski |first1=S. E. |last2=Sullivan |first2=R. M. |last3=Lucas |first3=S. G. |author3-link=Spencer G. Lucas |year=2011 |title=Taxonomic composition of the Alamo Wash local fauna from the Upper Cretaceous Ojo Alamo Formation (Naashoibito Member) San Juan Basin, New Mexico |journal=New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin |volume=53 |pages=216–271 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fugoCgAAQBAJ&q=Taxonomic+composition+of+the+Alamo+Wash+local+fauna+from+the+Upper+Cretaceous+Ojo+Alamo+Formation+%28Naashoibito+Member%29+San+Juan+Basin%2C+New+Mexico&pg=PA216 |access-date=11 September 2020}}
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  • {{cite book |editor-last1=Weishampel |editor-first1=David B. |editor-last2=Dodson |editor-first2=Peter |editor-last3=Osmólska |editor-first3=Halszka |year=2004 |title=The Dinosauria |edition=2nd |location=Berkeley |publisher=University of California Press |isbn=0-520-24209-2}}

{{Chronostratigraphy of Colorado|Mesozoic state=expanded}}

Category:Cretaceous formations of New Mexico

01

Category:Upper Cretaceous Series of North America

Category:Campanian Stage

Category:Sandstone formations of the United States

Category:Shale formations of the United States

Category:Mudstone formations of the United States

Category:Conglomerate formations of the United States

Category:Deltaic deposits

Category:Fluvial deposits