Klavs F. Jensen#Research

Jensen received his chemical engineering education from the Technical University of Denmark (M.Sc., 1976) and University of Wisconsin–Madison (PhD, 1980).{{cite web|title=National Academy of Sciences elects six MIT professors for 2017|url=https://www.povertyactionlab.org/sites/default/files/2017.05.10-Esther-MIT%20News.pdf|publisher=Abdul Latif Jameel Poverty Action Lab|access-date=May 23, 2017}}{{Cite web |url=https://dmse.mit.edu/faculty/profile/jensen |title=Klavs Jensen |publisher=MIT Department of Materials Science and Engineering |access-date=May 23, 2017 |archive-date=July 13, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170713233909/http://dmse.mit.edu/faculty/profile/jensen |url-status=dead }}{{cite web|title=Chemical engineering alum elected to National Academy of Sciences|url=https://www.engr.wisc.edu/chemical-engineering-alum-elected-national-academy-sciences/|archive-url=https://archive.today/20170524031105/https://www.engr.wisc.edu/chemical-engineering-alum-elected-national-academy-sciences/|archive-date=May 24, 2017|publisher=University of Wisconsin–Madison|access-date=May 24, 2017|url-status=dead}} Jensen's PhD advisor was W. Harmon Ray. In 1980, Jensen became assistant professor of chemical engineering and materials science at the University of Minnesota, before being promoted to associate professor in 1984 and full professor in 1988.{{cite web|title=Klavs Jensen Curriculum Vitae|url=http://www.che.ntu.edu.tw/ntuche/file/KlavsFJensenCV.pdf|access-date=April 13, 2019|url-status=dead|archive-date=May 24, 2017|archive-url=https://archive.today/20170524033035/http://www.che.ntu.edu.tw/ntuche/file/KlavsFJensenCV.pdf}} In 1989, he moved to the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

At the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Professor Jensen has been the Joeseph R. Mares Career Development Chair in Chemical Engineering (1989–1994), the Lammot du Pont Professor of Chemical Engineering (1996–2007), and the Warren K. Lewis Professor of Chemical Engineering (2007– present).{{cite web|title=Klavs Jensen Curriculum Vitae|url=http://chemepro2.mit.edu/jensenlab/wp-content/uploads/sites/34/2017/10/KlavsFJensenCV.pdf|access-date=April 14, 2019|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190414151434/http://chemepro2.mit.edu/jensenlab/wp-content/uploads/sites/34/2017/10/KlavsFJensenCV.pdf|archive-date=April 14, 2019}} Klavs served as Head of the MIT Department of Chemical Engineering from 2007 to 2015.{{cite web|title=MIT Dept. of Chemical Engineering History|url=https://libraries.mit.edu/mithistory/research/schools-and-departments/school-of-engineering/department-of-chemical-engineering/|access-date=April 14, 2019|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190414151725/https://libraries.mit.edu/mithistory/research/schools-and-departments/school-of-engineering/department-of-chemical-engineering/|archive-date=April 14, 2019}} In 2015, Professor Jensen became the founding Chair of the scientific journal Reaction Chemistry and Engineering by the Royal Society of Chemistry focused on bridging the gap between chemistry and chemical engineering.{{cite web|title=About the Journal – Reaction Chemistry and Engineering|url=https://www.rsc.org/journals-books-databases/about-journals/reaction-chemistry-engineering/|access-date=April 14, 2019|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190414152254/https://www.rsc.org/journals-books-databases/about-journals/reaction-chemistry-engineering/|archive-date=April 14, 2019}}

Jensen's research revolves around reaction and separation techniques for on-demand multistep synthesis, methods for automated synthesis, and microsystems biological discovery and manipulation. He is considered one of the pioneers of flow chemistry.{{cite web|title=Klavs F. Jensen Wins First IUPAC-ThalesNano Prize in Flow Chemistry|url=https://www.iupac.org/publications/ci/2012/3403/iw1_jensen.html|archive-url=https://archive.today/20170524031834/https://www.iupac.org/publications/ci/2012/3403/iw1_jensen.html|archive-date=May 24, 2017|publisher=International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry|access-date=May 24, 2017|url-status=dead}}

Jensen, Armon Sharei and Robert S. Langer were the founders of SQZ Biotech.{{cite web|title=Startups Can Get Medical Device Prototypes Built through Draper's Sembler Initiative|url=http://www.draper.com/news/startups-can-get-medical-device-prototypes-built-through-draper-s-sembler-initiative|archive-url=https://archive.today/20170524040432/http://www.draper.com/news/startups-can-get-medical-device-prototypes-built-through-draper-s-sembler-initiative|archive-date=May 24, 2017|publisher=Charles Stark Draper Laboratory|access-date=May 24, 2017|url-status=dead}}{{cite web|title=Klavs F. Jensen Ph.D.|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/research/stocks/private/person.asp?personId=28386363&privcapId=261457741|archive-url=https://archive.today/20170524040046/http://www.bloomberg.com/research/stocks/private/person.asp?personId=28386363&privcapId=261457741|archive-date=May 24, 2017|publisher=Bloomberg L.P.|access-date=May 24, 2017|url-status=dead}} The trio, together with Andrea Adamo, developed the cell squeezing method in 2012.{{cite journal |vauthors=Sharei A, Zoldan J, Adamo A, Sim WY, Cho N, Jackson E, Mao S, Schneider S, Han MJ, Lytton-Jean A, Basto PA, Jhunjhunwala S, Lee J, Heller DA, Kang JW, Hartoularos GC, Kim KS, Anderson DG, Langer R, Jensen KF |title=A vector-free microfluidic platform for intracellular delivery |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=110 |issue=6 |pages=2082–7 |date=February 2013 |pmid=23341631 |pmc=3568376 |doi=10.1073/pnas.1218705110 |bibcode=2013PNAS..110.2082S |doi-access=free }} It enables delivery of molecules into cells by a gentle squeezing of the cell membrane. It is a high throughput vector-free microfluidic platform for intracellular delivery. It eliminates the possibility of toxicity or off-target effects as it does not rely on exogenous materials or electrical fields.

Jensen, along with Timothy F. Jamison, Allan Myerson and coworkers, designed a refrigerator-sized mini factory to make clinic-ready drug formulations.{{cite web|title=Top Research of 2016|url=http://yearinreview.cenmag.org/top-research-of-2016/|archive-url=https://archive.today/20170523070004/http://yearinreview.cenmag.org/top-research-of-2016/|archive-date=May 23, 2017|publisher=Chemical & Engineering News|access-date=May 23, 2017|url-status=dead}} The mini factory can make thousands of doses of a drug in about two hours. The factory can allow sudden public health needs to be more easily addressed. It can also be useful in developing countries and for making medicines with a short shelf life. Chemical & Engineering News named the mini factory in their list of notable chemistry research advances from 2016.

Cell Squeeze is the commercial name for a method for deforming a cell as it passes through a small opening, disrupting the cell membrane and allowing material to be inserted into the cell.[http://sqzbiotech.com/technology/ How It Works] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140310070246/http://sqzbiotech.com/technology/ |date=2014-03-10 }}. SQZBiotech®. Retrieved on 2014-05-18.{{cite journal |last1=Jensen |first1=Klavs F. |last2=Langer |first2=Robert |last3=Anderson |first3=Daniel G. |last4=Kim |first4=Kwang-Soo |last5=Hartoularos |first5=George C. |last6=Kang |first6=Jeon Woong |last7=Heller |first7=Daniel A. |last8=Lee |first8=Jungmin |last9=Jhunjhunwala |first9=Siddharth |last10=Basto |first10=Pamela A. |last11=Lytton-Jean |first11=Abigail |last12=Han |first12=Min-Joon |last13=Schneider |first13=Sabine |last14=Mao |first14=Shirley |last15=Jackson |first15=Emily |last16=Cho |first16=Nahyun |last17=Sim |first17=Woo Young |last18=Adamo |first18=Andrea |last19=Zoldan |first19=Janet |last20=Sharei |first20=Armon |title=A vector-free microfluidic platform for intracellular delivery |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |date=5 February 2013 |volume=110 |issue=6 |pages=2082–2087 |doi=10.1073/pnas.1218705110 |pmc=3568376 |pmid=23341631 |bibcode=2013PNAS..110.2082S |doi-access=free }} It is an alternative method to electroporation or cell-penetrating peptides and operates similarly to a french cell press that temporarily disrupts cells, rather than completely bursting them.{{cite journal |last1=Meacham |first1=J. Mark |last2=Durvasula |first2=Kiranmai |last3=Degertekin |first3=F. Levent |last4=Fedorov |first4=Andrei G. |title=Physical Methods for Intracellular Delivery |journal=Journal of Laboratory Automation |date=February 2014 |volume=19 |issue=1 |pages=1–18 |doi=10.1177/2211068213494388 |pmc=4449156 |pmid=23813915 }}

The cell-disrupting change in pressure is achieved by passing cells through a narrow opening in a microfluidic device. The device is made up of channels etched into a wafer through which cells initially flow freely. As they move through the device, the channel width gradually narrows. The cell's flexible membrane allows it to change shape and become thinner and longer, allowing it to squeeze through. As the cell becomes more and more narrow, it shrinks in width by about 30 to 80 percent its original size and the forced rapid change in cell shape temporarily creates holes in the membrane, without damaging or killing the cell.

While the cell membrane is disrupted, target molecules that pass by can enter the cell through the holes in the membrane. As the cell returns to its normal shape, the holes in the membrane close. Virtually any type of molecule can be delivered into any type of cell.[http://www.rdmag.com/news/2013/07/researchers-put-squeeze-cells-deliver Researchers put squeeze on cells to deliver]. Rdmag.com (2013-07-22). Retrieved on 2014-05-18. The throughput is approximately one million per second. Mechanical disruption methods can cause fewer gene expression changes than electrical or chemical methods. This can be preferable in studies that require the gene expression to be controlled at all times.{{cite web|url=https://news.mit.edu/2016/cell-squeezing-enhances-protein-imaging-0201/|title=Cell squeezing enhances protein imaging|date=2 February 2016|publisher=MIT News Office|author=Anne Trafton}}

Like other cell permeablisation techniques, it enables intracellular delivery materials, such as proteins, siRNA, or carbon nanotubes. The technique has been used for over 20 cell types, including embryonic stem cells and naïve immune cells.{{cite web|url=http://www.the-scientist.com/?articles.view/articleNo/36099/title/Narrow-Straits/|title=Narrow Straits – The Scientist Magazine®}} Initial applications focused on immune cells, for example delivering:

• Anti-HIV siRNAs for blocking HIV infection in CD4+ T cells.{{cite journal |last1=Jensen |first1=Klavs F. |last2=Lieberman |first2=Judy |last3=Langer |first3=Robert |last4=Anderson |first4=Daniel G. |last5=Andrian |first5=Ulrich H. von |last6=Addo |first6=Marylyn |last7=Khan |first7=Omar F. |last8=Talkar |first8=Tanya |last9=Liu |first9=Sophia |last10=Heimann |first10=Megan |last11=Mao |first11=Shirley |last12=Poceviciute |first12=Roberta |last13=Sharma |first13=Siddhartha |last14=Angin |first14=Mathieu |last15=Lytton-Jean |first15=Abigail |last16=Eyerman |first16=Alexandra T. |last17=Hartoularos |first17=George C. |last18=Jhunjhunwala |first18=Siddharth |last19=Trifonova |first19=Radiana |last20=Sharei |first20=Armon |title=Ex Vivo Cytosolic Delivery of Functional Macromolecules to Immune Cells |journal=PLOS ONE |date=13 April 2015 |volume=10 |issue=4 |pages=e0118803 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0118803 |pmc=4395260 |pmid=25875117 |bibcode=2015PLoSO..1018803S |doi-access=free }}
• Whole protein antigen and enabling MHC class I processing/presentation in polyclonal B cells, facilitating B cell-based vaccine approaches.{{cite journal |last1=Irvine |first1=Darrell J. |last2=Jensen |first2=Klavs |last3=Langer |first3=Robert |last4=Heimann |first4=Megan |last5=Mao |first5=Shirley |last6=Brefo |first6=Mavis |last7=Frew |first7=Kirubel |last8=Park |first8=Clara |last9=Alejandro |first9=Brian |last10=Sharei |first10=Armon |last11=Worku |first11=Hermoon |last12=Egeren |first12=Debra Van |last13=Szeto |first13=Gregory Lee |title=Microfluidic squeezing for intracellular antigen loading in polyclonal B-cells as cellular vaccines |journal=Scientific Reports |date=22 May 2015 |volume=5 |pages=10276 |doi=10.1038/srep10276 |pmid=25999171 |pmc=4441198 |bibcode=2015NatSR...510276L }}

The process was originally developed in 2013 by Armon Sharei and Andrea Adamo, in the lab of Langer and Jensen at Massachusetts Institute of Technology. In 2014 Sharei founded SQZBiotech to demonstrate the technology.{{Cite web|url=http://sqzbiotech.com/|title=Home|website=SQZ Biotech|access-date=2016-06-11}} That year, SQZBiotech won the $100,000 grand prize in the annual startup competition sponsored by Boston-based accelerator MassChallenge.{{cite web |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/2014/10/30/ma-sqz-biotech-idUSnBw305865a+100+BSW20141030 |title=SQZ Biotech Launches CellSqueeze Platform and is Awarded $100,000 Grand Prize from MassChallenge and over $200,000 from Boeing and the Center for the Advancement of Science in Space (CASIS) | Reuters |website=Reuters |accessdate=March 6, 2015 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402225745/https://www.reuters.com/article/2014/10/30/ma-sqz-biotech-idUSnBw305865a%2B100%2BBSW20141030 |archivedate=April 2, 2015 }}

Boeing and the Center for the Advancement of Science in Space (CASIS) awarded the company the CASIS-Boeing Prize for Technology in Space to support the use of Cell Squeeze on the International Space Station (ISS).{{cite web|url=https://www.iss-casis.org/press-releases/casis-and-the-boeing-company-partner-to-award-entrepreneurial-research-through-masschallenge/ |title=Partner to Award Entrepreneurial Research Through MassChallenge|access-date=2018-06-12}}

Jensen was the recipient of a Guggenheim Fellowship in 1987.{{cite web|title=Klavs F. Jensen|url=http://www.gf.org/fellows/all-fellows/klavs-f-jensen/|archive-url=https://archive.today/20170524032817/http://www.gf.org/fellows/all-fellows/klavs-f-jensen/|archive-date=May 24, 2017|publisher=Guggenheim Fellowship|access-date=May 24, 2017|url-status=dead}} Jensen became an Elected Fellow of the Royal Society of Chemistry in 2004 and American Association for the Advancement of Science in 2007.{{Cite web |url=https://www.aiche.org/community/bio/klavs-f-jensen |title=Klavs F. Jensen |date=29 February 2012 |publisher=aiche.org |access-date=April 26, 2017}}{{Cite web |url=https://www.aaas.org/fellow/jensen-klavs |title=Klavs Jensen |publisher=aaas.org |access-date=April 26, 2017 |archive-date=April 27, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170427194930/https://www.aaas.org/fellow/jensen-klavs |url-status=dead }}{{Cite web |url=http://web.mit.edu/jensenlab/ |title=Klavs F. Jensen |publisher=mit.edu |access-date=April 26, 2017}}{{Cite web |url=http://web.mit.edu/jensenlab/ |title=Lab |publisher=mit.edu |access-date=April 26, 2017}}{{Cite web |url=https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=aiPql48AAAAJ&hl=en |title=Klavs F. Jensen |access-date=April 26, 2017}} He also became a member of the National Academy of Engineering in 2002 and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 2008. In May 2017, he was elected to the National Academy of Sciences in recognition of his "distinguished and continuing achievements in original research."

In 2008, Jensen was included as one of the "100 Chemical Engineers of the Modern Era" by the American Institute of Chemical Engineers' (AIChE) Centennial Celebration Committee.{{cite web|title=100 Chemical Engineers of the Modern Era|url=https://www.aiche.org/sites/default/files/cep/20081075.pdf|publisher=American Institute of Chemical Engineers|access-date=May 23, 2017}}{{cite web|title=100 Chemical Engineers of the Modern Era|url=http://ethw.org/100_Chemical_Engineers_of_the_Modern_Era|archive-url=https://archive.today/20160908131050/http://ethw.org/100_Chemical_Engineers_of_the_Modern_Era|archive-date=September 8, 2016|publisher=Engineering and Technology History Wiki|access-date=May 23, 2017|url-status=dead}}{{cite web|title=Reaction Chemistry & Engineering editorial board members|url=http://www.rsc.org/journals-books-databases/about-journals/reaction-chemistry-engineering/editorial-board-members/|archive-url=https://archive.today/20170524030006/http://www.rsc.org/journals-books-databases/about-journals/reaction-chemistry-engineering/editorial-board-members/|archive-date=May 24, 2017|publisher=Royal Society of Chemistry|access-date=May 24, 2017|url-status=dead}} In March 2012, he was the first recipient of the IUPAC-ThalesNano Prize in Flow Chemistry. Jensen was named in Foreign Policy magazine's 2016 list of the leading global thinkers along with Timothy F. Jamison and Allan Myerson.{{cite web|title=Global Thinkers 2016, The Healers: Timothy Jamison, Klavs Jensen, and Allan Myerson|url=https://gt.foreignpolicy.com/2016/profile/timothy-jamison-klavs-jensen-and-allan-myerson?df8f7f5682=|archive-url=https://archive.today/20170523062535/https://gt.foreignpolicy.com/2016/profile/timothy-jamison-klavs-jensen-and-allan-myerson?df8f7f5682=|archive-date=May 23, 2017|publisher=Foreign Policy|access-date=May 23, 2017|url-status=dead}} In 2016, he received the AIChE Founders Award for Outstanding Contributions to the Field of Chemical Engineering.{{cite web|title=Prof. Klavs Jensen wins AIChE Founders Award|url=http://www.arc-cbbc.nl/news/news-from-the-cbbc-community/prof-klavs-jensen-wins-aiche-founders-award|archive-url=https://archive.today/20170523064520/http://www.arc-cbbc.nl/news/news-from-the-cbbc-community/prof-klavs-jensen-wins-aiche-founders-award|archive-date=May 23, 2017|publisher=Advanced Research Center-Chemical Building Blocks Consortium|access-date=May 23, 2017|url-status=dead}}{{cite web|title=2016 Annual Meeting Honors Ceremony Recap|url=https://www.aiche.org/chenected/2016/10/2016-annual-meeting-honors-ceremony-recap|archive-url=https://archive.today/20170523065202/https://www.aiche.org/chenected/2016/10/2016-annual-meeting-honors-ceremony-recap|archive-date=May 23, 2017|publisher=American Institute of Chemical Engineers|access-date=May 23, 2017|url-status=dead}} Jensen has also received the National Science Foundation Presidential Young Investigator Award.

Klavs Jensen has authored numerous journal articles describing significant advances in flow chemistry, microfluidics, chemical vapor deposition, and chemical engineering which includes but is not limited to:

• Bashir O Dabbousi, Javier Rodriguez-Viejo, Frederic V Mikulec, Jason R Heine, Hedi Mattoussi, Raymond Ober, Klavs F Jensen, Moungi G Bawendi "(CdSe) ZnS core− shell quantum dots: synthesis and characterization of a size series of highly luminescent nanocrystallites", Journal of Physical Chemistry B 46(101), 9463–9475 (1997).{{cite journal|title=(CdSe) ZnS core− shell quantum dots: synthesis and characterization of a size series of highly luminescent nanocrystallites| doi=10.1021/jp971091y|volume=46| issue=101|journal=Journal of Physical Chemistry B|pages=2425–2428|year = 1997| last1=Dabbousi| first1=B. O.| last2=Rodriguez-Viejo| first2=J.| last3=Mikulec| first3=F. V.| last4=Heine| first4=J. R.| last5=Mattoussi| first5=H.| last6=Ober| first6=R.| last7=Jensen| first7=K. F.| last8=Bawendi| first8=M. G.}}

• Jamil El-Ali, Peter K Sorger, Klavs F Jensen "Cells on Chips", Nature 442(7101), 403 (2006).{{cite journal|title=Cells on Chips| doi=10.1038/nature05063|volume=442| issue=7101|journal=Nature|pages=403–411|year = 2006|last1 = Jensen|first1 = Klavs F.| pmid=16871208| bibcode=2006Natur.442..403E| s2cid=4411889}}

• Klavs F Jensen "Microreaction engineering - is small better?", Chemical Engineering Science 56(2), 293–303 (2001).{{cite journal|title=Microreaction engineering – is small better?| doi=10.1016/S0009-2509(00)00230-X|volume=56| issue=2|journal=Chemical Engineering Science|pages=293–303|year = 2001| last1=Jensen| first1=Klavs F.| bibcode=2001ChEnS..56..293J}}

• Jinwook Lee, Vikram C Sundar, Jason R Heine, Moungi G Bawendi, Klavs F Jensen "Full color emission from II–VI semiconductor quantum dot–polymer composites", Advanced Materials 12(15), 1102–1105 (2000).{{cite journal|title=Full color emission from II–VI semiconductor quantum dot–polymer composites| doi=10.1002/1521-4095(200008)12:15<1102::AID-ADMA1102>3.0.CO;2-J|volume=12| issue=15|journal=Advanced Materials|pages=293–303|year = 2000| last1=Lee| first1=J.| last2=Sundar| first2=V. C.| last3=Heine| first3=J. R.| last4=Bawendi| first4=M. G.| last5=Jensen| first5=K. F.}}

• Axel Gunther, Klavs F Jensen "Multiphase microfluidics: from flow characteristics to chemical and materials synthesis", Lab on a Chip 6(12), 1487–1503 (2006).{{cite journal|title=Multiphase microfluidics: from flow characteristics to chemical and materials synthesis| doi=10.1039/B609851G|volume=6| issue=12|journal=Lab on a Chip|pages=1487–1503|year = 2006| last1=Günther| first1=Axel| last2=Jensen| first2=Klavs F.| pmid=17203152}}

• Harry Moffat, Klavs F Jensen "Complex flow phenomena in MOCVD reactors: I. Horizontal reactors", Journal of Crystal Growth 77(1–3), 108–119 (1986).{{cite journal|title=Complex flow phenomena in MOCVD reactors: I. Horizontal reactors| doi=10.1016/0022-0248(86)90290-3|volume=77| issue=1–3|journal=Journal of Crystal Growth|pages=108–119|year = 1986| bibcode=1986JCrGr..77..108M| last1=Moffat| first1=H.| last2=Jensen| first2=K. F.}}

• Lisi Xie, Qing Zhao, Klavs F. Jensen, Heather J. Kulik "Direct Observation of Early-Stage Quantum Dot Growth Mechanisms with High-Temperature Ab Initio Molecular Dynamics", The Journal of Physical Chemistry C 120(4), 2472–2483 (2016).{{cite journal|title= Direct Observation of Early-Stage Quantum Dot Growth Mechanisms with High-Temperature Ab Initio Molecular Dynamics|first1=Lisi|last1= Xie|first2=Qing|last2=Zhao|first3=Klavs F.|last3=Jensen|first4=Heather J.|last4=Kulik |doi=10.1021/ACS.JPCC.5B12091|volume=120|issue=4|journal= Journal of Physical Chemistry C|pages=2472–2483|year=2016|arxiv=1512.08565|s2cid=19432272}}

• Transfection

{{Reflist}}

• [http://jensenlab.mit.edu/ Jensen Research Group – MIT]
• [https://cheme.mit.edu/profile/klavs-f-jensen/ Klavs F. Jensen – Faculty Website, MIT]
• {{google scholar id|aiPql48AAAAJ}}

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{{DEFAULTSORT:Jensen, Klavs F.}}

Category:1952 births

Category:Living people

Category:Danish chemical engineers

Category:Technical University of Denmark alumni

Category:University of Wisconsin–Madison College of Engineering alumni

Category:Minnesota CEMS

Category:MIT School of Engineering faculty

Category:Fellows of the Royal Society of Chemistry

Category:Fellows of the American Association for the Advancement of Science

Category:Members of the United States National Academy of Engineering

Category:Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences

Category:Cell biology