Klevan#History

File:Klewan kosciol.jpg

A settlement on the current territory of Klevan was first founded in the beginning of the 12th century on the banks of the Stubla River, a tributary of the Horyn. At the time, the settlement was named Kolyvan or Kolivan ({{langx|uk|Коливань}}).{{cite web|title=Klevan|url=http://photohunt.org.ua/Klevan.html|work=Attractions of Ukraine|publisher=photohunt.org.ua|accessdate=6 February 2012|language=Russian|archive-date=10 April 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120410193824/http://photohunt.org.ua/Klevan.html|url-status=dead}} The first written mention of Klevan appeared in 1458,{{cite book|author=Danylo Husar Struk|title=Encyclopedia of Ukraine|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=REcOAQAAMAAJ|accessdate=6 February 2012|year=1993|publisher=University of Toronto Press|isbn=9780802034441 }} as a possession of the Czartoryski family. Construction of the castle was started by Michał Czartoryski in 1454, and completed by his son Fedor.{{cite book |author= |title=Słownik geograficzny Królestwa Polskiego i innych krajów słowiańskich, Tom IV|year=1883|language=pl|location=Warszawa|pages=139–140}} In the 1590s, Jerzy Czartoryski built the Church of the Assumption, which became one of the burial places of the Czartoryski family. Klewań was plundered by the Cossacks in 1648 and partly destroyed by the Tatars in 1653. In 1654, King John II Casimir Vasa vested the settlement with Magdeburg rights, established two annual fairs and two weekly markets. He also established the town's coat of arms, depicting Archangel Michael. Mikołaj Czartoryski built a town hall and established bakers' and weavers' guilds. Klewań, as it was known in Polish, was a private town, administratively located in the Volhynian Voivodeship in the Lesser Poland Province of the Kingdom of Poland.

The town was annexed by Russia in the Second Partition of Poland in 1793. As a result of Russian discriminatory policies (see Pale of Settlement), it saw an influx of Jews. The Polish district school operated until 1831, when it was subjected to Russification as a part of repression for the unsuccessful Polish November Uprising. Following World War I, the town became again part of Poland, within which it was administratively located in the Równe County in the Wołyń Voivodeship. According to the 1921 Polish census, the population of the town with the adjacent railway settlement was 61.2% Jewish, 22.6% Polish and 12.1% Ukrainian.{{cite book|author=|title=Skorowidz miejscowości Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej|volume=IX|year=1923|language=pl|location=Warszawa|publisher=Główny Urząd Statystyczny|page=52}}

File:Zakład poprawczy w Klewaniu (1936).jpg

Following the invasion of Poland, which started World War II in September 1939, it was first occupied by the Soviet Union until 1941, and then by Nazi Germany. In 1940, the town's status was changed to an urban-type settlement. In 1941, the local synagogue was burned by the Nazis and the local Jews were exterminated.{{cite book|author1=Bowling Green State University|author2=Popular Culture Association|author3=American Culture Association|title=Journal of cultural geography|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=e5jjAAAAMAAJ|accessdate=6 February 2012|year=1984|publisher=Bowling Green State University in cooperation with the Popular Culture Association and the American Culture Association}} The Czartoryski Castle served as a Communist and Nazi prison during Soviet and German occupation, respectively. In 1944, the settlement was re-occupied by the Soviets, and then eventually annexed from Poland the following year. The Poles continued to live in Klevan until they were evicted by the Soviets.{{cite book|last=Glantz|first=David M.|title=Colossus reborn: the Red Army at war : 1941-1943|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YwBoAAAAMAAJ|accessdate=6 February 2012|date=March 2005|publisher=University Press of Kansas|isbn=978-0-7006-1353-3}} By June 1945, some 800 expelled Poles from Klevan settled in Skwierzyna.{{cite book|author=|title=Skwierzyna. Miasto otwarte. Folder informacyjno-promocyjny|language=pl,en|pages=6–7}} Klevan also became the centre of the deployment of national-liberation struggle of the Ukrainian Insurgent Army.

In 1979, it had a population of 8,400 people.

Until 26 January 2024, Klevan was designated urban-type settlement. On this day, a new law entered into force which abolished this status, and Klevan became a rural settlement.{{cite news |title=Что изменится в Украине с 1 января |url=https://glavnoe.in.ua/ru/novosti/chto-yzmenytsya-v-ukrayne-s-1-yanvarya |work=glavnoe.in.ua |lang=ru| date=1 January 2024}}

Klevan is accessed via the T1817 and H22 roads, and is located 28.3 km northwest of Rivne and 50.4 kilometres southeast of Lutsk along the H22.{{cite map|title= Maps|publisher=Google Maps}} Klevan lies on the Stubla River.

File:Green Mile Tunnel, Rivne.jpg

{{see also|Tunnel of Love (railway)}}

Klevan contains the ruins of Klevan Castle, whose construction began in 1475 and was eventually completed in 1561.{{cite book|last=Sergey|first=Kononov|title=Sights & Hotels in Ukraine|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZAlttkfTsR0C&pg=PA95|accessdate=6 February 2012|publisher=Kononov Sergey|page=95|id=GGKEY:0C6GN58BU4J}} The town also houses the Church of the Annunciation with a bell tower dating back to 1630, as well as the Church of the Nativity, which was built in 1777. There is also Klevan Railway station, which connects the town with the oblast's administrative center Rivne and Kivertsi, as well as a woodworking plant and food-processing facilities.

An industrial railway enclosed by trees, which has become a walkway for lovers known as the Tunnel of Love is also located near Klevan.Murano, Grace.[http://www.oddee.com/item_98237.aspx "10 Most Fascinating Tunnels"] Oddee, 25 June 2012. Retrieved: 23 August 2012.[http://www.tourismontheedge.com/best-of/fairytale-train-track-tunnel-of-love-in-kleven-ukraine.html "Tunnel of love"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130215084430/http://www.tourismontheedge.com/best-of/fairytale-train-track-tunnel-of-love-in-kleven-ukraine.html |date=2013-02-15 }} Tourism On The Edge, 8 August 2012. Retrieved: 23 August 2012.

• Michał Fryderyk Czartoryski (1696–1775), Polish nobleman, Duke of Klewań and {{ill|Żuków Stary|lt=Żuków|pl|}}

• Kvasyliv and Orzhiv, the other two urban-type settlements in Rivne Raion of Rivne Oblast

{{reflist}}

{{commons category|Klevan}}

• {{in lang|uk}} [http://klevan.at.ua/ Klevan official website]

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Category:Rural settlements in Rivne Raion

Category:Rovensky Uyezd

Category:1458 establishments

Category:Populated places established in the 1450s

Category:Historic Jewish communities in Ukraine

Category:Holocaust locations in Ukraine

Category:Ukrainian Insurgent Army