Koibal dialect

{{Short description|Extinct Samoyedic variety of Kamas}}

{{Hatnote|Not to be confused with the Koybal dialect of Khakas.}}{{Cleanup lang|date=January 2025|iso=xas}}{{Infobox language

| name = Koibal

| states = Russia

| region = Sayan Mountains

| ethnicity = Koibals

| extinct = 19th century

| familycolor = Uralic

| fam2 = Samoyedic

| fam3 = (core)

| fam4 = Kamas–Selkup

| fam5 = Kamas

| glotto = samo1299

| glottoname = Samoyed Koibal

| linglist = xas-koi

| map = Kamas.png

| mapcaption = Map of Sayan Samoyedic languages

| nativename = {{lang|xas|койбале сека}}

}}

The Koibal dialect is a dialect of the Kamas language or arguably another independent Sayan Samoyed language.{{Cite journal|last=Tamás|first=Janurik|title=[SW-3] Kojbál szótár: a publikált szójegyzékek egyesített szótára.|url=https://www.academia.edu/46652195|journal=Segédanyagok a déli-szamojéd nyelvek szókészletének tanulmányozásához III. Budenz Alkotóház. Székesfehérvár 2021, 161 p.|language=en}} About 600 words of the Koibal dialect are known, but there are no grammatical descriptions of Koibal. The vocabulary of Koibal is very similar to Kamas proper. The Koibal dialect died around the 19th century. The Koibals assimilated into Turkic tribes.{{Cite book |title=I︠A︡zyki mira. Uralʹskie i︠a︡zyki |date=1993 |publisher=Nauka |isbn=978-5-02-011069-4 |editor-last=I︠A︡rt︠s︡eva |editor-first=V. N. |location=Moskva |chapter=Койбальский язык |access-date=2021-05-13 |editor-last2=Eliseev |editor-first2=I︠U︡ S. |editor-last3=Maĭtinskai︠a︡ |editor-first3=K. E. |editor-last4=Romanova |editor-first4=O. I. |editor-last5=Institut i︠a︡zykoznanii︠a︡ (Rossiĭskai︠a︡ akademii︠a︡ nauk) |chapter-url=http://www.philology.ru/linguistics3/kunnap-93a.htm}} There was a Koibal-Russian glossary published in 1806. It is possible that it has a SOV word order, as so does Kamas.

Matthias Castrén concluded that Koibal and Karagas have a Yeniseian substratum, after meeting with speakers who used Yeniseian words in their speech.

Kamas proper distinguishes the alveo-dental and palatal sibilants s, z vs. š, ž, however the Koibal dialect only has s and z.{{Cite book|last=Gerson|first=Klumpp|title=Kamas|publisher=University of Tartu}}