Koprivnica

{{Infobox settlement

| name = Koprivnica

| official_name = Grad Koprivnica
City of Koprivnica

| settlement_type = City

| image_skyline = Koprivnica square 2019.jpg

| imagesize =

| image_caption = Koprivnica

| image_flag = Vlag koprivnica.gif

| image_shield =

| nickname =

| mapframe = yes

| mapframe-zoom = 9

| mapframe-wikidata = yes

| mapframe-stroke-width = 1

| mapframe-shape-fill-opacity = 0.25

| map_caption = Location of Koprivnica in Croatia

| pushpin_map = Croatia

| coordinates = {{coord|46|09|46|N|16|49|42|E|region:HR-06|display=inline}}

| subdivision_type = Country

| subdivision_name = {{flag|Croatia}}

| subdivision_type1 = County

| subdivision_name1 = {{flag|Koprivnica-Križevci}}

| leader_party = SDP

| leader_title = Mayor

| leader_name = Mišel Jakšić

| leader_title1 = City Council

| leader_name1 = {{Collapsible list

|title = 21 members

|frame_style= border: none; padding: 0;

|list_style=text-align:left;display:none;

|1 =• SDP, HSS, HNS, HSU, HL (11)

|2 =• HDZ (6)

|3 =• MREŽA (1)

|4 =• Independents (3)

}}

| area_footnotes = {{Cite Q|Q119585703|mode=cs1}}

| area_total_km2 = 91.8

| area_urban_km2 = 38.6

| elevation_m = 149

| population_footnotes = {{Croatian Census 2021|S}}

| population_as_of = 2021

| population_total = 28580

| population_density_km2 = auto

| population_urban = 22262

| population_density_urban_km2 = auto

| population_note =

| timezone = CET

| timezone_DST = CEST

| utc_offset = +1

| utc_offset_DST = +2

| postal_code_type = Postal code

| postal_code = 48000

| area_code = 048

| registration_plate = KC

| website = {{URL|koprivnica.hr}}

}}

File:Podravka.jpg

File:Koprivnica-park2012.jpg

File:Koprivnica Church.jpg

File:Koprivnica kolodvor - panoramio.jpg

Koprivnica ({{IPA|hr|kɔ̝̌priːv̞nit͡sa|hr}}) is a city in Northern Croatia, located 70 kilometers northeast of Zagreb. It is the capital and the largest city of Koprivnica-Križevci County. In 2011, the city's administrative area of 90.94 km² had a total population of 30,854, with 23,955 in the city proper.{{Croatian Census 2011|S|06|2011|}}

Population

{{Historical populations|1857|4554|1869|5823|1880|6582|1890|7574|1900|8544|1910|11552|1921|11536|1931|11932|1948|12864|1953|14139|1961|16582|1971|21104|1981|25941|1991|29706|2001|30994|2011|30854|2021|28580|source=Naselja i stanovništvo Republike Hrvatske 1857–2021, DZS}}The list of settlements in the Koprivnica municipality is:

Bakovčica, population 321
Draganovec, population 506
Herešin, population 728
Jagnjedovec, population 344
Koprivnica, population 23,955
Kunovec Breg, population 641
Reka, population 1,507
Starigrad, population 2,386
Štaglinec, population 466

{{Croatian population data graph |popisi=HRV |upisano=2022-06-04 |područje=City of Koprivnica |p1857=4554 |p1869=5823 |p1880=6582 |p1890=7574 |p1900=8544 |p1910=11552 |p1921=11536 |p1931=11932 |p1948=12864 |p1953=14139 |p1961=16582 |p1971=21104 |p1981=25941 |p1991=29706 |p2001=30994 |p2011=30854 |p2021=28580}}

Geography

Koprivnica (German: Kopreinitz, Hungarian: Kapronca) is situated at a strategic location – on the slopes of Bilogora and Kalnik to the south and river Drava to the north. Its position enabled it to develop numerous amenities for the wider area such as trade, crafts and administration, and in the 13th century Koprivnica became a town settlement. Koprivnica was named after the stream of the same name, which was first mentioned at the beginning of the 13th century during the Hungarian Kingdom.

Climate

Since records began in 1949, the highest temperature recorded at the local weather station was {{convert|39.1|C|F}}, on 24 August 2012.{{cite web |date=2022-07-19 |author=DHMZ |title=Najviše izmjerene temperature zraka u Hrvatskoj za razdoblje od kada postoje mjerenja |url=https://meteo.hr/objave_najave_natjecaji.php?section=onn¶m=objave&el=priopcenja&daj=najvise_temperature_zraka |website=Državni hidrometeorološki zavod}} The coldest temperature was {{convert|-26.1|C|F}}, on 16 February 1956.{{cite web |date=2022-01-21 |author=DHMZ |title=Najniže izmjerene temperature zraka u Hrvatskoj za razdoblje od kada postoje mjerenja |url=https://meteo.hr/objave_najave_natjecaji.php?section=onn¶m=objave&el=priopcenja&daj=najnize_temperature_zraka |website=Državni hidrometeorološki zavod}}

Education

=Universities=

Koprivnica and Varaždin took part in establishing the University North, a public national university that operates in both cities since 2015.

==University North (University centre Koprivnica)==

Department of Media and Communication
Department of Environmental protection, recycling and packaging
Department of Communication, Media and Journalism
Department of Logistics and Sustainable Mobility
Department of Business and Management
Department of Food Technology
Department of Art Studies
Department of Computing and Informatics

History

Koprivnica has a history similar to that of nearby Varaždin: it was first mentioned in 1272 in a document by prince László IV and declared a free royal town by king Lajos I in 1356, and flourished as a trading place and a military fortress since that time.

In the 14th century, the town settlement further developed due to increased trade under the influence of Varaždin. During the construction of Renaissance fortification in the second half of the 16th century Koprivnica was the centre of the Slavonian military border. Koprivnica counted among its troops musketeers, German soldiers, hussars and infantry. At that time the Renaissance square emerged together with the Town hall which emphasized its Renaissance identity, so Koprivnica can today be legitimately considered a renaissance town.

The military aspect set it back somewhat when it was included in the Military Frontier in the 16th century during the wars with the Ottoman Turks, but after Maria Theresia's decree of 1765 it resumed life as a peaceful little merchant town which it was in reality.

Its position on the border of Habsburg monarchy and Ottoman Empire influenced the environment, economic, social and demographic changes, as well as everyday life. Koprivnica can therefore be considered a border town. In the second half of the 17th century Koprivnica was among the most developed royal towns in the Croatian-Slavonian Kingdom and its economic growth was initially based on strong trade activity. The fact that the three most significant churches (St. Nicholas, St. Anthony of Padua with the Franciscan monastery and church of the Assumption of Virgin Mary in Mocile further illustrates the economic power of the town in the 17th century. Economic activity was moved outside the town fortifications and this resulted in the wide and spacious baroque squares – today's Zrinski square and Jelačić square. At the same time the oldest streets evolved and they established the development base for the town until the present day.

In the 19th century, the old Renaissance and Baroque housing and buildings associated with trade were replaced by the now historical architecture and the new town centre acquired its present appearance. In 1863, the main part of the future town park was planted, and the removal of the old fortification together with the construction of the railway determined the regional development of the town. Railway connections enabled the development of industry and further established Koprivnica as a leading centre of the Podravina region. The Koprivnica Synagogue was built in 1875 in the centre of Koprivnica. Today it is listed as a cultural monument.

In the late 19th century and early 20th century, Koprivnica was a district capital in the Bjelovar-Križevci County of the Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia. The first concentration and extermination camp established in the Independent State of Croatia during World War II was the Danica concentration camp established in Koprivnica.{{harv|Bulatović|1990|p=78}}{{Cite web|url=http://www.jusp-jasenovac.hr/Default.aspx?sid=6877|title=JUSP Jasenovac – CAMPS IN THE INDEPENDENT STATE OF CROATIA|last=www.utilis.biz|first=Utilis d.o.o., Zagreb|website=www.jusp-jasenovac.hr|access-date=2017-02-04|quote=The first Ustasha concentration camp in the Independent State of Croatia, Danica, was founded on 15 April 1941 near Koprivnica.}}{{harv|Council|1991|p=12}}: "April 20: The first concentration camp in Yugoslavia, Danica. near Virovitica, opens; "

Koprivnica developed significantly in the 20th century with the advent of the Podravka food industry, known worldwide for its Vegeta spice. They even have a museum devoted to the firm of Podravka.

Two separate volunteer fire departments DVD "Podravka" and DVD "Željezničar" were founded in 1947, and the DVD "Bilokalnik" in 1963, together under the VZ grada Koprivnice.{{cite web |date=2022 |first1=Nikola |last1=Jagodin |first2=Vedran |last2=Runjić |title=Popis vatrogasnih organizacija s datumima osnivanja |url=https://mhv.hr/popis-vatrogasnih-organizacija-s-datumima-osnivanja |website=Muzej hrvatskog vatrogastva |archive-date=2023-01-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230130104803/https://mhv.hr/popis-vatrogasnih-organizacija-s-datumima-osnivanja |language=hr |trans-title=List of Firefighting Organisations with Date of Founding}}

The annual "motifs of Podravina" event is when the whole town becomes a gallery of naïve art. Many of the greatest Croatian naïve artists come from the villages along the Drava in this county, notably Ivan Generalić.

Sports

The local chapter of the HPS is HPD "Bilo", which had 45 members in 1936 under the Pavao Orlović presidency.{{cite magazine |date=1936 |orig-date=1936-05-15 |first=Josip |last=Plaček |title="Bilo" — Koprivnica |page=237 |magazine=Hrvatski planinar |issn=0354-0650 |volume=32 |issue=7–8 |url=https://www.hps.hr/hp-arhiva/193607.pdf |language=hr}} Membership rose to 46 in 1937.{{cite magazine |date=1937 |orig-date=1937-05-05 |first=Josip |last=Plaček |title=Izvještaj tajnika |pages=221–252 |magazine=Hrvatski planinar |issn=0354-0650 |volume=33 |issue=7–8 |url=https://www.hps.hr/hp-arhiva/193707.pdf |language=hr}}{{rp|245}} Membership fell to 20 in 1938.{{cite magazine |date=1938 |orig-date=1938-05-05 |first=Josip |last=Plaček |title=Izvještaj tajnika |pages=222–254 |magazine=Hrvatski planinar |issn=0354-0650 |volume=34 |issue=7–8 |url=https://www.hps.hr/hp-arhiva/193807.pdf |language=hr}}{{rp|245}}

Notable people

Sources

{{cite book|last1=Cresswell|first1=Peterjon|last2=Atkins|first2=Ismay|last3=Dunn|first3=Lily|title=Time Out Croatia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VZweAAAACAAJ|year=2006|publisher=Time Out Group Ltd & Ebury Publishing, Random House Ltd. 20 Vauxhall Bridge Road, London SV1V 2SA|edition=First|location=London, Berkeley & Toronto|isbn=978-1-904978-70-1}}
{{cite book|last=Bulatović|first=Radomir|title=Koncentracioni logor Jasenovac s posebnim osvrtom na Donju Gradinu: istorijsko-sociološka i antropološka studija|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4KwrAAAAMAAJ|year=1990|publisher=Svjetlost|isbn=978-86-01-01893-8 }}
{{cite book|last=Council|first=United States Holocaust Memorial|title=Days of remembrance, April 7–14, 1991: fifty years ago : from terror to systematic murder : planning guide|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ENIMAQAAMAAJ|year=1991|publisher=U.S. Holocaust Memorial Council}}
Rudolf Horvat, "Povijest slob. i kr. grada Koprivnice", Zagreb, 1943.
Leander Brozović, "Građa za povijest Koprivnice", crteži i skice Stjepan Kukec, Koprivnica 1978.
Milan Prelog, Ivanka Reberski, ur., Koprivnica – grad i spomenici, Zagreb 1986. {{ISBN|86-80195-01-4}}
Nada Klaić, "Koprivnica u srednjem vijeku", Koprivnica 1987.
Dragutin Feletar, "Podravina : općine Đurđevac, Koprivnica i Ludbreg u prošlosti i sadašnjosti", Koprivnica : Centar za kulturu, 1988.
{{cite book|last=Petrić|first=Hrvoje|title=Koprivnica na razmeđi epoha (1765–1870)|year=2000|publisher=Zavod za hrvatsku povijest Filozofskog fakulteta u Zagrebu i Nakladna kuća dr. Feletar|isbn=953-6235-54-4| url = https://www.academia.edu/20018557}}
Mirela Slukan Altić, ur., Povijesni atlas gradova - Koprivnica, Zagreb-Koprivnica 2005. {{ISBN|953-6666-42-1}}