Korea Invisible Mass Search#COSINE
{{Short description|South Korean particle physics experiment}}
File:Three Kims of the Korea Invisible Mass Search (KIMS).jpg, Kim Hongjoo, and Kim Yeongduk ({{lang|ko|ko}}).]]
The Korea Invisible Mass Search (KIMS; {{Korean|hangul=한국 암흑물질 탐색실험}}), is a South Korean experiment searching for weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs), one of the candidates for dark matter. The KIMS project was also named such as the three founders all have the surname Kim; Kim Sun-kee, Kim Hongjoo, and Kim Yeongduk.{{cite book|title=The Journal of the Korean Physical Society|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GRIVAQAAMAAJ|date=2005|publisher=Korean Physical Society}} The experiments use CsI(Tl) crystals at Yangyang Underground Laboratory (Y2L), in tunnels from a preexisting underground power plant.{{cite book|author1=Kiwoon Choi |author-link1= Choi Kiwoon |author2=Jihn E. Kim|author3=Dongchul Son|title=Particles, Strings and Cosmology: 11th International Symposium on Particles, Strings and Cosmology; PASCOS 2005|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pdiTnydMx04C&pg=PA75|date=12 December 2005|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-0-7354-0295-9|pages=75–81}} KIMS is supported by the Creative Research Initiative program of the Korea Science and Engineering Foundation. It is the first physics experiment located, and largely built, in Korea.{{cite book|title=Symmetry: Dimensions of Particle Physics|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_NPyAAAAMAAJ|date=2006|publisher=Fermi National Accelerator Lab.}}
Other research topics include detector development for a neutrinoless double beta decay search and the creation of an extreme low temperature diamond calorimeter.
History
The KIMS experiment was funded in 2000 to search for WIMP dark matter. To avoid the cost of creating a new tunnel for testing, the Yangyang Pumped Storage Power Plant belonging to Korea Middleland Power Co. in Yangyang, Korea was used. Construction was completed in 2003. The CsI(Tl) scintillating crystal used has a high light yield and is affordable for large mass. After a substantial effort for the initial setup and crystal development, KIMS began recording data in 2004 with one full-size 6 kg crystal. A 4 crystal setup was run in 2005–2006 to optimize the WIMP search. In 2008, the 12 crystal array with 103.4 kg mass was completed and ran until December 2012 for a detector upgrade replacing the PMTs.
Results
The first WIMP cross section search was published in 2006 using the one crystal data.{{Cite journal |title=First limit on WIMP cross section with low background CsI(Tℓ) crystal detector |author=KIMS Collaboration |date=9 February 2006 |journal=Phys. Lett. B |doi=10.1016/j.physletb.2005.12.035 |arxiv=astro-ph/0509080 |bibcode=2006PhLB..633..201K |volume=633 |issue=2–3 |pages=201–208|s2cid=12364980 }} New limits were presented in 2007 and 2012,{{Cite journal |title=New Limits on Interactions between Weakly Interacting Massive Particles and Nucleons Obtained with CsI(Tl) Crystal Detectors |last=Kim |first=S.C. |display-authors=etal |date=30 April 2012 |journal=Phys. Rev. Lett. |volume=108 |issue=181301 |pages=181301 |doi=10.1103/PhysRevLett.108.181301 |arxiv=1204.2646 |bibcode=2012PhRvL.108r1301K |pmid=22681055|s2cid=30999467 }} inconsistent with the DAMA signal reports for masses above 20 GeV. Using 24,324.3 kg•days exposure, low-mass WIMP signals below 20 GeV were disfavored{{Cite journal |title=Search for low-mass dark matter with CsI(Tl) crystal detectors |first= H.S. |last=Lee |display-authors=etal |date=23 September 2014 |journal=Phys. Rev. D |volume=90 |issue=52006 |pages=052006 |doi=10.1103/PhysRevD.90.052006 |arxiv=1404.3443 |bibcode=2014PhRvD..90e2006L |s2cid= 55422611 }} in 2014.
COSINE
The KIMS and DM-Ice groups collaborated to make a new detector consisting of an array of NaI(Tl) scintillating crystals to confirm or refute the DAMA/LIBRA results. {{As of|2016|7}}, the 100 kg COSINE-100 experiment had been installed at Y2L.{{Cite conference |title=Status of the COSINE experiment |first=Chang Hyon |last=Ha |date=20 July 2016 |conference=Identification of Dark Matter 2016 |location=Sheffield |url=https://idm2016.shef.ac.uk/indico/event/0/session/11/contribution/144 |conference-url=https://idm2016.shef.ac.uk/}} In September 2016, physics data started to be collected.{{cite web |url= https://cosine.yale.edu/about-us/cosine-100-experiment |title= COSINE-100 Experiment |author= |website= COSINE-100 Dark Matter Experiment |publisher= Yale |access-date= 29 October 2018 |quote= COSINE-100 has started taking physics data on September 2016, so stay tuned for our first physics result!}} The next version of the COSINE detector, COSINE-200, will be constructed in Yemilab in Jeongseon County.
The COSINE-100 published its first results on 5 December 2018 in Nature; they concluded that their result "rules out WIMP–nucleon interactions as the cause of the annual modulation observed by the DAMA collaboration".{{cite journal |author=The COSINE-100 Collaboration |title=An experiment to search for dark-matter interactions using sodium iodide detectors |journal=Nature |date=5 December 2018 |volume=564 |issue=7734 |pages=83–86 |doi=10.1038/s41586-018-0739-1|pmid=30518890 |bibcode=2018Natur.564...83C |arxiv=1906.01791 |s2cid=54459495 }} This rejection applies only to WIMPs with one of the 18 tested masses, exhibiting spin-independent interactions with sodium or iodine nucleons, within the context of a standard dark matter halo model.
In November 2021, new results from COSINE-100 experiment from 1.7 years of data collection have also failed to replicate the signal of DAMA.{{Cite journal|last1=Adhikari|first1=Govinda|last2=de Souza|first2=Estella B.|last3=Carlin|first3=Nelson|last4=Choi|first4=Jae Jin|last5=Choi|first5=Seonho|last6=Djamal|first6=Mitra|last7=Ezeribe|first7=Anthony C.|last8=França|first8=Luis E.|last9=Ha|first9=Chang Hyon|last10=Hahn|first10=In Sik|last11=Jeon|first11=Eunju|date=2021-11-12|title=Strong constraints from COSINE-100 on the DAMA dark matter results using the same sodium iodide target|journal=Science Advances|language=en|volume=7|issue=46|pages=eabk2699|doi=10.1126/sciadv.abk2699|issn=2375-2548|pmc=8580298|pmid=34757778|arxiv=2104.03537 |bibcode=2021SciA....7.2699A }}{{Cite web|title=Is the end in sight for famous dark matter claim?|url=https://www.science.org/content/article/end-sight-famous-dark-matter-claim|access-date=2021-12-29|website=www.science.org|language=en}}
In August 2022, COSINE-100 applied an analysis method similar to one used by DAMA/LIBRA and found a similar annual modulation suggesting the signal could be just an statistical artifact{{cite journal |last1=Adhikari |first1=G. |last2=Carlin |first2=N. |last3=Choi |first3=J. J. |last4=Choi |first4=S. |last5=Ezeribe |first5=A. C. |last6=Franca |first6=L. E. |last7=Ha |first7=C. |last8=Hahn |first8=I. S. |last9=Hollick |first9=S. J. |last10=Jeon |first10=E. J. |last11=Jo |first11=J. H. |last12=Joo |first12=H. W. |last13=Kang |first13=W. G. |last14=Kauer |first14=M. |last15=Kim |first15=B. H. |date=2023 |title=An induced annual modulation signature in COSINE-100 data by DAMA/LIBRA's analysis method |journal=Scientific Reports |volume=13 |issue=1 |page=4676 |doi=10.1038/s41598-023-31688-4 |pmid=36949218 |pmc=10033922 |arxiv=2208.05158 |bibcode=2023NatSR..13.4676A }}{{Cite journal |last=Castelvecchi |first=Davide |date=2022-08-16 |title=Notorious dark-matter signal could be due to analysis error |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-022-02222-9 |journal=Nature |language=en |doi=10.1038/d41586-022-02222-9|pmid=35974221 |s2cid=251624302 |url-access=subscription }} supporting an hypothesis first put forward on 2020.{{cite journal |author=D. Buttazzo |display-authors=etal |year=2020 |title=Annual modulations from secular variations: relaxing DAMA? |journal=Journal of High Energy Physics |volume=2020 |issue=4 |page=137 |arxiv=2002.00459 |bibcode=2020JHEP...04..137B |doi=10.1007/JHEP04(2020)137 |s2cid=211010848}}
References
{{reflist}}
External links
- [http://dmrc.snu.ac.kr/english/main_e.html Official page (English)]
{{Dark matter}}
{{Underground laboratories}}