Korean postpositions

{{Short description|Postpositions in Korean}}

{{Korean grammar}}

Korean postpositions, or particles, are suffixes or short words in Korean grammar that immediately follow a noun or pronoun. This article uses the Revised Romanization of Korean to show pronunciation. The hangul versions in the official orthographic form are given underneath.

{{Language particle|begin}}

{{Language particle|head

| particle=(n-)eun

| joshi=은/는

| joshi-link =은

| info=Used as a topic particle or a subject particle. Eun 은 is used following a consonant, Neun 는 is used following a vowel.

}}

{{Language particle

| element=Nouns (topic)

| example=Naneun haksaengida.

| rei=나는 학생이다.

| translation=I am a student.

}}

{{Language particle

| element=Nouns (topic)

| example=Igeoseun yeonpirida.

| rei=이것은 연필이다.

| translation=This is a pencil.

}}

{{Language particle

| element=Nouns (genericized nominative)

| example=Chitaneun ppareuda.

| rei=치타는 빠르다.

| translation=Cheetahs are fast.

}}

{{Language particle

| element=Nouns (topic)

| example=Jeoneun jjajangmyeon juseyo.

| rei=저는 짜장면 주세요.

| translation=I'd like a jajangmyeon.

}}

{{Language particle|head

| particle=i/ga

| joshi=이/가

| joshi-link =이

| info=Used as an identifier or subject particle to indicate the nominative case. I 이 is used following a consonant, Ga 가 is used following a vowel.

}}

{{Language particle

| element=Nouns (agent)

| example=Naega masyeotda.

| rei=내가 마셨다.

| translation=I drank.

}}

{{Language particle

| element=Nouns (identifier)

| example=Jeogeosi Han-gang-iya.

| rei=저것이 한강이야.

| translation=That is the Han River.

}}

{{Language particle

| element=Nouns (specific nominative)

| example=Chitaga neurida.

| rei=치타가 느리다.

| translation=This cheetah is slow.

}}

{{Language particle|head

| particle=kkeseo

| joshi=께서

| joshi-link =께서

| info=The honorific nominative marker. It could be added to Neun, Do, and Man to form 께서는 (topic), 께서도 (too/also), and 께서만 (only), respectively, which are the respective honorific forms.

}}

{{Language particle

| element=Nouns

| example=Seonsaengnimkkeseo osyeotda.

| rei=선생님께서 오셨다.

| translation=(The) teacher arrived .

}}

{{Language particle|head

| particle=(r-)eul

| joshi=을/를

| joshi-link=을

| info=Used as an object particle to indicate the accusative case. Eul 을 is used following a consonant, Reul 를 is used following a vowel.

}}

{{Language particle

| element=Nouns (objective)

| example=Naneun ramyeoneul meogeotda.

| rei=나는 라면을 먹었다.

| translation=I ate ramen.

}}

{{Language particle|head

| particle=ege/hante

| joshi=에게/한테

| joshi-link =에게

| info=Used as a dative particle. Ege 에게 is the literary form, and Hante 한테 is the colloquial form.

}}

{{Language particle

| element=Noun

| example=Neohuiege hal mari itda.

| rei=너희에게 할 말이 있다.

| translation=I have something to tell you.

}}

{{Language particle|head

| particle=kke

| joshi=께

| joshi-link =께

| info=Kke 께 is the honorific dative marker.

}}

{{Language particle

| element=Noun

| example=Goyongjukke seonmureul deuryeotda.

| rei=고용주께 선물을 드렸다.

| translation=I gave a gift to my employer.

}}

{{Language particle|head

| particle=(eu)ro

| joshi=으로/로

| joshi-link =로

| info=Used to mark the instrumental case, which can also denote destination or role. Euro 으로 is used following a consonant other than 'ㄹ', which is abbreviated to Ro 로 following a vowel or the consonant 'ㄹ'.

}}

{{Language particle

| element=Noun (means)

| example=KTX-ro Seoureseo Busankkaji se sigan geollinda.

| rei=KTX로 서울에서 부산까지 3시간 걸린다.

| translation=It takes 3 hours to go from Seoul to Busan via KTX.

}}

{{Language particle

| element=Noun (destination)

| example=Naeil Hojuro tteonamnida.

| rei=내일 호주로 떠납니다.

| translation=I am leaving for Australia tomorrow.

}}

{{Language particle

| element=Noun (role)

| example=Unjeonsaro chwijikhaeyo.

| rei=운전사로 취직해요.

| translation=I'm going to be working as a driver.

}}

{{Language particle|head

| particle=e

| joshi=에

| joshi-link =에

| info=Used for any words relating to time or place. Sometimes used for cause.

}}

{{Language particle

| element=Time (noun)

| example=Maikeureun parweore watda.

| rei=마이클은 8월에 왔다.

| translation=Michael came in August.

}}

{{Language particle

| element=Location (noun)

| example=Jedongeun ilbone gatda.

| rei=제동은 일본에 갔다.

| translation=Jedong went to Japan.

}}

{{Language particle

| element=Cause (noun)

| example=Jamyeongjong sorie kkaetta

| rei=자명종 소리에 깼다.

| translation=Woke up by the sound of the alarm.}}

{{Language particle|head

| particle=eseo

| joshi=에서

| joshi-link =에서

| info=Translates to: "from" (ablative) when used with a motion verb. May also be used as "at", "in" (locative) when used with an action verb which is not motion related.

}}

{{Language particle

| element=Noun (from)

| example=Junggugeseo wasseo.

| rei=중국에서 왔어.

| translation=I came from China.

}}

{{Language particle

| element=Noun (in)

| example=Bang-eseo gongbu-reul haet-da.

| rei=방에서 공부를 했다.

| translation=I studied in my room.

}}

{{Language particle|head

| particle=buteo

| joshi=부터

| joshi-link =부터

| info=Translates to: Used to show when or where an action or situation started. (Egressive)

}}

{{Language particle

| element=Noun

| example=Cheoeumbuteo kkeutkkaji

| rei=처음부터 끝까지

| translation=From beginning to end

}}

{{Language particle|head

| particle=kkaji

| joshi=까지

| joshi-link =까지

| info=Translates to: Used to illustrate the extent of an action, either in location or time, generally meaning "until", "up to". (Terminative)

}}

{{Language particle

| element=Noun

| example=Cheoeumbuteo kkeutkkaji

| rei=처음부터 끝까지

| translation=From beginning to end

}}

{{Language particle|head

| particle=man

| joshi=만

| joshi-link =만

| info=Translates to: "only", used after a noun.

}}

{{Language particle

| element=Noun

| example=Ojik jeimseu-man hangugeo-reul gongbu-haet-da.

| rei=오직 제임스만 한국어를 공부했다.

| translation=Only James studied Korean.

}}

{{Language particle|head

| particle=ui

| joshi=의

| joshi-link =의

| info=Functions as: possession indicator, noun link, topic marker.

}}

{{Language particle

| element=Noun: possession

| example=Migugui daetongryeong

| rei=미국의 대통령

| translation=President of the United States

}}

{{Language particle|head

| particle=do

| joshi=도

| joshi-link =도

| info=Used as an additive particle. When dealing with additive qualities/descriptions of the same subject, see ttohan 또한.

}}

{{Language particle

| element=Nouns

| example=Geunyeodo gongbuhanda.

| rei=그녀도 공부한다.

| translation=She studies too.

}}

{{Language particle|head

| particle=(g)wa/rang

| joshi=과/와/랑

| joshi-link =와

| info=Translates to: "and" (conjunction); "with" or "as with" (preposition). Gwa 과 is used following a consonant, Wa 와 is used following a vowel. Wa 와 is the literary form, and rang 랑 is the colloquial form.

}}

{{Language particle

| element=Nouns: conjunction

| example=Neowa na

| rei=너와 나

| translation=You and I

}}

{{Language particle|head

| particle=(y)a

| joshi=아/야

| joshi-link =아

| info=The vocative marker. A 아 is used following a consonant, Ya 야 is used following a vowel.

}}

{{Language particle

| element=Noun

| example=Minsuya!

| rei=민수야!

| translation=Minsu!

}}

{{Language particle|head

| particle=(i)yeo

| joshi=이여/여

| joshi-link=여

| info=The vocative marker, with added nuance of exclamation. Iyeo 이여 is used following a consonant, Yeo 여 is used following a vowel.

}}

{{Language particle

| element=Noun

| example=Naui georukhasin gusejuyeo.

| rei=나의 거룩하신 구세주여.

| translation=O my divine Redeemer.

}}

{{Language particle|end}}