Kosmos 605

{{Short description|Soviet biological science spacecraft (Bion 1)}}

{{Infobox spaceflight

| name = Kosmos 605

| names_list = Bion 1
Biocosmos 1

| image = Bion spacecraft.jpg

| image_caption =

| image_size = 300px

| mission_type = Bioscience

| operator = Institute of Biomedical Problems

| COSPAR_ID = 1973-083A

| SATCAT = 6913

| website =

| mission_duration = {{time interval|31 Oct 1973 18:25|22 Nov 1973 07:12|show=dhm}}

| spacecraft =

| spacecraft_type = Bion

| spacecraft_bus = Zenit 12KS

| manufacturer = TsSKB

| launch_mass = {{cvt|5500|kg}}

| landing_mass = {{cvt|900|kg}}

| dimensions =

| power =

| launch_date = 31 October 1973, 18:24:59 UTC

| launch_rocket = Soyuz-U

| launch_site = Plesetsk 43/3

| launch_contractor = TsSKB

| disposal_type = Recovered

| landing_date = 22 November 1973, 07:12 UTC

| landing_site = {{Coord|53|29|N|65|27|E|type:event|name=Bion 1 spashdown}}
Sarykol, Kazakhstan, USSR

| orbit_reference = Geocentric

| orbit_regime = Low Earth orbit

| orbit_periapsis = {{cvt|221|km}}

| orbit_apoapsis = {{cvt|424|km}}

| orbit_inclination = 62.80°

| orbit_period = 90.70 minutes

| apsis = gee

| programme = Bion programme

| previous_mission =

| next_mission = Bion 2

| programme2 = Kosmos (satellites)

| previous_mission2 = Kosmos 604

| next_mission2 = Kosmos 606

}}

Kosmos 605 or Bion 1 ({{langx|ru|link=no|Космос 605}}), was a Bion satellite. It was the first of eleven Bion satellites launched between 1973 and 1996.

Launch

Kosmos 605 was launched by a Soyuz-U rocket flying from Site 43/3 at the Plesetsk Cosmodrome in the Soviet Union. The satellite was initially launched in a low Earth orbit with a perigee of {{cvt|221|km}} and an apogee of {{cvt|424|km}} with an orbital inclination of 62.80° ant an orbital period of 90.70 minutes.{{cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/displayTrajectory.action?id=1973-083A|title=Trajectory: Bion 1 1973-083A|publisher=NASA|date=14 May 2020|access-date=16 January 2021}} {{PD-notice}}

Mission

The spacecraft orbited the Earth for 21 days until its biological capsule returned to Earth on 22 November 1973 in a region of northwestern Kazakhstan.{{cite web|url=http://www.astronautix.com/craft/bion.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090105095940/http://www.astronautix.com/craft/bion.htm|archive-date=5 January 2009|title=Bion|publisher=Encyclopedia Astronautica|author=Mark Wade|access-date=16 January 2021}} It carried several dozen male rats (possibly 25 {{cite book|title=Russian Space Probes |author=Brian Harvey |author2=Olga Zakutnyaya |publisher=Springer|date=2011|page=448|isbn=978-1-4419-8149-3|doi=10.1007/978-1-4419-8150-9|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=q6qyVkapjeoC&pg=PA448}} or 45 {{Cite FTP |url=ftp://130.206.92.88/Espacio/Mesa%20Redonda%205%20-%20R5b%20-%20Academia%20de%20Ciencias%20de%20Rusia%20-%20M%20S%20BELAKOVSKIY.pdf|server=130.26.92.88|url-status=dead|title=PowerPoint Presentation|access-date=8 March 2014}}), six Russian tortoises (Agrionemys horsfieldii) (each in a separate box), a mushroom bed, flour beetles (Tribolium confusum) in various stages of their life cycle, and living bacterial spores. It provided data on the reaction of mammal, reptile, insect, fungal, and bacterial forms to prolonged weightlessness.{{cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1973-083A|title=Display: Bion 1 1974-083A|publisher=NASA |date=14 May 2020|access-date=16 January 2021}} {{PD-notice}}

Results

After returning, the animals found several functional changes, such as decreased body temperature, difficulty breathing, muscle atrophy, decreased bone mechanical strength and decreased mass of some internal organs and glands. No pathological changes were found. 3–4 weeks after landing, most of these changes receded and the animals returned to normal. In the experiment, for the first time, a second generation of insects was obtained whose weightlessness was developed. No differences were detected between the second and the first generation. The influence of space conditions on the development of fungi was also found. Growing up in a weightless state, they created a very thin and extremely bent leg and a more massive mycelium than on Earth. Kosmos 605 also tested means of protection against ionizing radiation.{{cite book|title=Astronautyka|publisher=Ossolineum|place=Warsaw|date=1974|number=4|volume=73|issn=0004-623X}}

References

Bibliography

Kozlov, D. I. (1996), Mashnostroenie, ed.; Konstruirovanie avtomaticheskikh kosmicheskikh apparatov, Moscow, ISBN
Melnik, T. G. (1997), Nauka, ed.; Voenno-Kosmicheskiy Sili, Moscow, ISBN
"Bion' nuzhen lyudyam", Novosti Kosmonavtiki, (6): 35, 1996

Category:Bion satellites

Category:Kosmos satellites

Category:Spacecraft launched in 1973

Category:1973 in spaceflight

Category:1973 in the Soviet Union