Login
Login

Kraepelinian dichotomy

File:Emil Kraepelin2.gif (1856–1926)]]

The Kraepelinian dichotomy is the division of the major endogenous psychoses into the disease concepts of dementia praecox, which was reformulated as schizophrenia by Eugen Bleuler by 1908,{{harvnb|Jablensky|2007|p=383}}; {{harvnb|Greene|2007|p=362}}{{cite web|last=Yuhas|first=Daisy|title=Throughout History, Defining Schizophrenia Has Remained a Challenge|date=March 2013 |url=http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=throughout-history-defining-schizophrenia-has-remained-challenge|publisher=Scientific American Mind (March 2013)|access-date=2 March 2013}} and manic-depressive psychosis, which has now been reconceived as bipolar disorder.{{sfn|Decker|2007|p=399}} This division was formally introduced in the sixth edition of Emil Kraepelin's psychiatric textbook Psychiatrie. Ein Lehrbuch für Studierende und Aerzte, published in 1899.{{sfn|Decker|2007|p=399}} It has been highly influential on modern psychiatric classification systems, the DSM and ICD, and is reflected in the taxonomic separation of schizophrenia from affective psychosis.{{harvnb|Greene|2007|p=361}}; {{harvnb|Palm|Möller|2011|p=318}} However, there is also a diagnosis of schizoaffective disorder to cover cases that seem to show symptoms of both.

History

File:Karl Ludwig Kahlbaum.JPG (1828–1899)]]

The Kraepelinian system and the modern classification of psychoses are ultimately derived from the insights of Karl Kahlbaum.{{harvnb|Jablensky|1999|p=96}}; {{harvnb|Berrios|Luque|Villagrán|2003|p=126}} In 1863 the Prussian psychiatrist published his habilitation which was entitled, Die Gruppierung der psychischen Krankheiten (The Classification of Psychiatric Diseases).{{harvnb|Noll|2007|p=242}}; {{harvnb|Kahlbaum|1863}} In this text he reviewed the then heterogeneous state of medical taxonomies of mental illness and enumerated the existence of some thirty such nosologies from the early seventeenth-century until the mid-nineteenth-century.{{sfn|Angst|2002|p=6}} The major contribution of his published dissertation, which is still the foundation of modern psychiatric nosology,{{sfn|Angst|2002|p=6}} was to first formulate the clinical method for the classification of psychosis by symptom, course and outcome.{{harvnb|Angst|2002|p=6}}; {{harvnb|Möller|2008|p=60}}

Kahlbaum also differentiated between two major groups of mental illnesses which he termed vecordia and vesania.{{sfn|Angst|2002|p=6}}

Emil Kraepelin first introduced his proposed dichotomy between the endogenous psychoses of manic-depressive illness and dementia praecox during a public lecture in Heidelberg, Germany on 27 November 1898.{{sfn|Noll|2007|p=262}}

See also

{{Portal|Psychiatry}}

Notes

{{reflist|2}}

Bibliography

{{refbegin}}

  • {{Cite journal| volume = 57| issue = 1| pages = 5–13| last = Angst| first = J.| title = Historical aspects of the dichotomy between manic-depressive disorders and schizophrenia| journal = Schizophrenia Research| year = 2002| doi=10.1016/S0920-9964(02)00328-6| pmid=12165371| s2cid = 33585559}}
  • {{Cite journal| volume = 258| pages = 107–10| last1 = Angst| first1 = J.| first2 = A. | last2 =Gamma| title = Diagnosis and course of affective psychoses: was Kraepelin right?| journal = European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience

| year = 2008| doi=10.1007/s00406-008-2013-2| pmid=18516522| s2cid = 34384739| url = https://www.zora.uzh.ch/id/eprint/155938/1/ZORA_NL_155938.pdf}}

  • {{Cite journal|volume = 3| issue = 2| pages = 111–40| last1 = Berrios| first1 = German E.| first2= Rogelio|last2=Luque|first3= José M.|last3=Villagrán| title = Schizophrenia: a conceptual history| journal = International Journal of Psychology and Psychological Therapy| year = 2003}}
  • {{Cite journal| doi = 10.1111/j.1600-0447.2008.01230.x| issn = 0001-690X| volume = 118| issue = 3| pages = 172–87| last1 = Bora| first1 = E.| first2= M.|last2= Yucel|first3= A.|last3= Fornito|first4= M.|last4= Berk|first5= C.|last5= Pantelis

| title = Major psychoses with mixed psychotic and mood symptoms: are mixed psychoses associated with different neurobiological markers?| journal = Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica| year= 2008| pmid=18699952| s2cid = 205802830}}

  • Briole, G. (2012). "Emil Kraepelin: The Fragility of a Colossal Oeuvre". Hurly-Burly 8: 125–147.
  • {{cite journal|last1=Craddock|first1= N.|last2=Owen|first2=M.J.|title=The beginning of the end for the Kraepelinian dichotomy |journal=British Journal of Psychiatry |volume=186 |issue= 5|pages=364–6 |year=2005|pmid=15863738 |doi=10.1192/bjp.186.5.364|doi-access=free}}
  • {{Cite journal| doi = 10.1192/bjp.bp.109.073429| issn = 0007-1250| volume = 196| issue = 2| pages = 92–5| last1 = Craddock| first1 = N.| first2= M. J. |last2=Owen| title = The Kraepelinian dichotomy - going, going... but still not gone

| journal = The British Journal of Psychiatry| year = 2010| pmid=20118450| pmc=2815936}}

  • {{Cite journal| volume = 103| issue = 1–3| pages = 156–60| last = Crow| first = T. J.| title = Craddock & Owen vs Kraepelin: 85 years late, mesmerised by 'polygenes'| journal = Schizophrenia Research| year = 2008| doi=10.1016/j.schres.2008.03.001| pmid=18434093| s2cid = 12676461}}
  • {{Cite journal| volume = 11| issue = 4| pages = 324–31| last1 = Cuesta| first1 = M. J.| first2 = V.| last2 = Peralta

| title = Psychopathological assessment of schizophrenia: relevance for classification| journal = Current Psychiatry Reports

| year = 2009| doi=10.1007/s11920-009-0047-4| pmid=19635242| s2cid = 34738750}}

  • {{cite journal|last=Decker|first=Hannah S.|title=How Kraepelinian was Kraepelin? How Kraepelinian are the neo-Kraepelinians? - from Emil Kraepelin to the DSM-III|journal=History of Psychiatry|year=2007|volume=18|issue=3|pages=337–60|doi=10.1177/0957154X07078976|pmid=18175636|s2cid=19754009|url=https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00570896/file/PEER_stage2_10.1177%252F0957154X07078976.pdf}}
  • {{Cite journal| volume = 258| pages = 25–8| last = deVries| first = M. W| title = Multifactorial inheritance, rates of maturation and psychiatry's taxonomic dilemma| journal = European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience| year = 2008| doi=10.1007/s00406-008-2005-2| pmid=18516513| s2cid = 19974805}}
  • {{Cite journal| volume = 34| issue = 9| pages = 2081–7| last1 = Fischer| first1 = B. A.|first2= W. T.|last2= Carpenter| title = Will the Kraepelinian Dichotomy Survive DSM-V?| journal = Neuropsychopharmacology| year = 2009 | pmid=19295511 | doi = 10.1038/npp.2009.32| pmc=2721021}}
  • {{Cite journal| doi = 10.1007/s00406-008-2009-y| volume = 258| issue = Suppl. 2| pages = 41–7| last1 = Gaebel| first1 = W.| first2 = J. | last2 = Zielasek| title = The DSM-V initiative "deconstructing psychosis" in the context of Kraepelin's concept on nosology| journal = European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience| year = 2008| pmid=18516517| s2cid = 29574424}}
  • {{cite journal|last=Greene|first=Talya|title=The Kraepelinian dichotomy: the twin pillars crumbling?|journal=History of Psychiatry|year=2007|volume=18|issue=3|pages=361–79|doi=10.1177/0957154X07078977|pmid=18175637|s2cid=12158661|url=https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00570897/file/PEER_stage2_10.1177%252F0957154X07078977.pdf}}
  • {{Cite journal| doi = 10.1007/s00406-008-2011-4| volume = 258| issue = Suppl. 2| pages = 85–96| last1 = Häfner| first1 = Heinz| first2 = Wolfram an der| last2= Heiden| first3= Kurt | last3 =Maurer| title = Evidence for separate diseases?

| journal = European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience| year = 2008| pmid=18516520| s2cid = 24800860}}

  • {{Cite journal| doi = 10.1007/s00406-008-2001-6| volume = 258| issue = Suppl. 2| pages = 3–11| last1 = Hippius| first1 = H.| first2 = N.| last2 = Müller| title = The work of Emil Kraepelin and his research group in München| journal = European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience| year = 2008| pmid=18516510| s2cid = 29850296}}
  • {{Cite journal| volume = 39| issue = 2| pages = 95–100| last = Jablensky| first = Assen| title = The conflict of the nosologists: views on schizophrenia and manic-depressive illness in the early part of the 20th century| journal = Schizophrenia Research| year = 1999| doi=10.1016/S0920-9964(99)00106-1| pmid=10507518| s2cid = 27097154}}
  • {{cite journal|last=Jablensky|first=Assen|title=Living in a Kraepelinian world. Kraepelin's impact on modern psychiatry|journal=History of Psychiatry|volume=18|issue=3|year=2007|pages=381–8|doi=10.1177/0957154X07079690|pmid=18175638|s2cid=33487387|url=https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00570899/file/PEER_stage2_10.1177%252F0957154X07079690.pdf}}
  • {{Cite book|publisher = Kafemann| last = Kahlbaum| first = Karl Ludwig| title = Die Gruppierung der psychischen Krankheiten und die Eintheilung der Seelenstörungen: Entwurf einer historisch-kritischen Darstellung der bisherigen Eintheilungen und Versuch zur Anbahnung einer empirisch-wissenschaftlichen Grundlage der Psychiatrie als klinischer Disciplin| location = Danzig| year = 1863|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zYY_AAAAcAAJ}}
  • {{Cite journal| volume = 2| issue = 1| pages = 91–7| last1 = Lake| first1 = Charles Ray| first2= Nathaniel|last2= Hurwitz| title = Schizoaffective Disorder—Its Rise and Fall: Perspectives for DSM-V| journal = Clinical Schizophrenia & Related Psychoses| year = 2008| doi=10.3371/csrp.2.1.8}}
  • {{Cite journal| doi = 10.1111/j.1600-0447.2006.00763.x| issn = 0001-690X| volume = 113| issue = 5| pages = 369–371

| last = Maier| first = Wolfgang| title = Do schizoaffective disorders exist at all?| journal = Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica| year = 2006| pmid=16603028| s2cid = 22029255| doi-access = free}}

  • {{Cite journal| volume = 56| issue = 1–2| pages = 87–94| last1 = Möller| first1 = Hans-Jürgen| first2 = R.|last2= Bottlender|first3=A|last3= Gross|first4= P.|last4=Hoff|first5=J.|last5=Wittmann|first6=U.|last6=Wegner|first7= A.|last7= Strauss| title = The Kraepelinian dichotomy: preliminary results of a 15-year follow-up study on functional psychoses: focus on negative symptoms| journal = Schizophrenia Research| year = 2002| doi=10.1016/S0920-9964(01)00252-3| pmid=12084423| s2cid = 28477589}}
  • {{Cite journal| doi = 10.1007/s00406-008-2004-3| volume = 258| issue = Suppl. 2| pages = 48–73| last = Möller| first = Hans-Jürgen| title = Systematic of psychiatric disorders between categorical and dimensional approaches: Kraepelin's dichotomy and beyond| journal = European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience| year = 2008| pmid=18516518| s2cid = 35482134}}
  • {{Cite journal| volume = 258| pages = 97–106| last1 = Müller| first1 = N.| first2= M. J|last2= Schwarz| title = A psychoneuroimmunological perspective to Emil Kraepelins dichotomy| journal = European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience| year = 2008| doi=10.1007/s00406-008-2012-3| pmid = 18516521| s2cid = 25050832}}
  • {{cite book|last=Noll|first=Richard|title=The Encyclopedia of Schizophrenia and other Psychotic Disorders|edition=3rd|year=2007|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jzoJxps189IC|publisher=Infobase Publishing|location=New York|isbn=978-0-8160-6405-2}}
  • {{Cite journal| doi = 10.1111/j.1440-1819.2011.02226.x| volume = 65| issue = 4| pages = 318–325| last1 = Palm| first1 = Ulrich| first2 = Hans-Jürgen|last2= Möller| title = Reception of Kraepelin's ideas 1900–1960| journal = Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences| year = 2011| pmid=21682810| doi-access = free}}
  • {{cite journal|last=Pilgrim|first= D.|title=The biopsychosocial model in Anglo-American psychiatry: past, present and future|journal=Journal of Mental Health|volume=11|issue=6|year=2002|pages=585–94|doi=10.1080/09638230020023930|citeseerx=10.1.1.413.4801|s2cid=17957615}}
  • {{Cite journal| issn = 1086-3303| volume = 3| issue = 1| pages = 1–14| last = Radden| first = Jennifer| title = Lumps and Bumps:Kantian Faculty Psychology, Phrenology, and Twentieth-Century Psychiatric Classification| journal = Philosophy, Psychiatry, & Psychology| year = 1996| doi=10.1353/ppp.1996.0008| s2cid = 143590585}}
  • {{Cite journal| volume = 21| issue = 4| pages = 383–403| last = Roelcke| first = Volker| title = Biologizing social facts: An early 20th century debate on Kraepelin's concepts of culture, neurasthenia, and degeneration| journal = Culture, Medicine and Psychiatry| year = 1997| doi=10.1023/A:1005393121931| pmid = 9492972| s2cid = 30190500}}
  • {{cite journal|last=Rogler|first=L.H.|year=1997|title=Making Sense of Historical Changes in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders: Five Propositions|journal=Journal of Health and Social Behavior|volume=38|issue=1|pages=9–20|pmid=9097505|doi=10.2307/2955358|jstor=2955358}}
  • {{Cite journal| volume = 7| issue = Suppl 1| pages = S68| last = Stefanis| first = N.| title = Genes do not read DSM-IV: implications for psychosis classification| journal = Annals of General Psychiatry| year = 2008| doi=10.1186/1744-859X-7-S1-S68| doi-access = free}}

{{refend}}

Category:Classification of mental disorders

Category:Psychosis

Category:History of mental disorders

Category:Psychiatry controversies